5.1 (a) (b) (c) Sea anemoneJelly fishHydra A B CD EFG50 mV 20 ms.

16
5.1 (a) (b) (c) Sea anemone Jelly fish Hydra A B C D E F G 50 mV 20 ms

Transcript of 5.1 (a) (b) (c) Sea anemoneJelly fishHydra A B CD EFG50 mV 20 ms.

Page 1: 5.1 (a) (b) (c) Sea anemoneJelly fishHydra A B CD EFG50 mV 20 ms.

5.1

(a)

(b)

(c)

Sea anemone Jelly fish Hydra

A B C D

E F G 50 mV

20 ms

Page 2: 5.1 (a) (b) (c) Sea anemoneJelly fishHydra A B CD EFG50 mV 20 ms.

5.2

Helminthoida

Helminthopsis

Gyrolithes

Cochlichnus

Gordia

Regular meandering without crossing

Planolites

Irregular meandering without crossing

Spiraling

Meandering sinusoidally

Irregularly meandering and crossing

Simple straight

Second-order meanders

First-order meanders

Irregular

Straight

Ear

ly

Cam

bria

n

Pre

cam

bria

n

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5.3

Water pik

Siphon nerve

Abdominal ganglion

Genital nerve

Pericardial nerve

Branchial nerve

Gill

Siphon

Stimulating and recording electrodes

Page 4: 5.1 (a) (b) (c) Sea anemoneJelly fishHydra A B CD EFG50 mV 20 ms.

5.4

SiphonMantle shelf

Gill

Int. II

L22

L23

L16

Polysynaptic

Monosynaptic

SN1 SN2 SN3 SN4 SN5 SN6 SN7 SN8

L7 LDG1 LDG2 L9G1 L9G2 RDG

Page 5: 5.1 (a) (b) (c) Sea anemoneJelly fishHydra A B CD EFG50 mV 20 ms.

5.5

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

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5.6

Antenna tap

Do-si-do

Retreat

Strike/Rip

Meral spread

No agonistic behavior

Wresling

Page 7: 5.1 (a) (b) (c) Sea anemoneJelly fishHydra A B CD EFG50 mV 20 ms.

5.7

Reflex Chain

Motorneurons

Stretchreceptors

contracted relaxed

Antagonist muscles

Central Pattern Generator

CNS

CPG

contracted relaxed

Antagonist muscles

CNS

Page 8: 5.1 (a) (b) (c) Sea anemoneJelly fishHydra A B CD EFG50 mV 20 ms.

5.8

M CPGs

CPGs

CPGs

M

M

Buccal ganglion Cerebral ganglion

Buccal mass

Lip muscles

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5.9

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 3 6 9 12 15

Res

pons

e S

tren

gth

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5

Strong

Weak

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5

Res

pons

e S

tren

gth

ISI = 60 s

ISI = 10 s

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Res

pons

e S

tren

gth

600 Hz

200 Hz

400 Hz

600 Hz

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

(1)(2)

(3)

(2)

(4) (5)

(6)

(7)(8)

(9)

DS DS

Habituation Trials

Resting period

Resting period

Resting period

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5.10

0

20

40

60

80

0 5 10 15 20

Trials

Me

an

Re

spo

nse

Sco

reWith DS

Without DS

DS

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5.11

Stimulus generator

Time-date generator

Video cassette recorder

Petri plate holder

Micromanipulator stand

Microscope

C. elegans

Video monitor

Antagonistic reflex systems mediate forward and backward locomotion in response to a tap stimulus.

Head Tail

Before habituation:ALM and AVMPLM

AVM and ALMBackward motion

PLMForward motion

(a)

(b)

Page 12: 5.1 (a) (b) (c) Sea anemoneJelly fishHydra A B CD EFG50 mV 20 ms.

5.12

Siphon Head

SNSN

IN

IN

L7

Gill

Page 13: 5.1 (a) (b) (c) Sea anemoneJelly fishHydra A B CD EFG50 mV 20 ms.

5.13

Interneuron

Serotoninand other

neurotransmitters

Axo-axonic synapse

L7

Sensory neuron from siphon

Membrane proteins

Adenylate cyclase

cAMP

PKC

PKA

Closes K+ channels

Opens Ca++ channels

Mobilization of vescicles

Spike broadening

Short-term sensitization

Dishabituation

Page 14: 5.1 (a) (b) (c) Sea anemoneJelly fishHydra A B CD EFG50 mV 20 ms.

5.14

One-day retention

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 2 4 6 8 10

Trials

Me

dia

n D

ura

tion

of

Sip

ho

n W

ithd

raw

al (

s).

One-week retention

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 2 4 6 8 10

Trials

Sensitization

Control

Three-week retention

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 2 4 6 8 10

Trials

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5.15

Dolabrifera

Bursatella

Dolabella

Aplysia

Akera

BullaIncreased

excitability

Spike broadening

Loss of both:Increased excitability

Spike broadening

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5.16

Bodysurface

Bodysurface

Bodysurface

Effector

Effector

Effector

Lower invertebrates

Higher invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plastic Excitatory


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