* GB785493 (A)

Description: GB785493 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to flashlight lamp and holders therefor

Description of GB785493 (A)

PATENT SPEICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: August 8, 1955. No 22786/55. Application mnade in Netherlands on August 7, 1954. Complete Specification Published: October 30, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 9 ( 2), C 2 D: C 2 E International Classification:-GO 3 d. L; and 38 ( 1), E 3 (A 6 A: A 12: B 4 A: B 4 D: C 2 C: : D 2: E 3 A: E 3 B:X). H 02 f. and Holders Page 1, line 1, for n Phllllps' read "Phuilipstt. THE PATIENT OFFICE, 25th November, 1957 DB 00840/1 ( 12)/3606 150 11/57 R (o JJ LIIC d U U HLIU LIL, W 1 WUJI a c 1 ta r m the sealing edges between the bulb neck and the exhaust tube to the outside, being clamped against the bulb neck near the bulb by a flat ring made of insulating material and having a circular inner periphery which engages the outer side of the lamp neck only over part of the said inner periphery, whilst two opposite surfaces extending parallel to the axis of the lamp are provided on that part of the cross section of the lamp neck where the ring is not in contact with the lamp neck Preferably the insulating ring engages with the lamp neck over an adhesive layer so that the wires are caused to adhere to the lamp neck When the lamp is inserted in a holder, the wires are in contact with resilient current supply members of the lamp holder such that the lamp is held in the holder. As is known, flashlight lamps can be used once only and after taking a photograph by means of a flashlight lamp, the used lamp must be exchanged for a new one A photographer using these lamps therefore carries with him a number of spare lamps It is therefore an advantage,

if these lamps occupy but little space and have but little weight. Of late years, the trend of development of flashlight lamps has been for the bulbs of resilient and shaped to hold the inserted lamp in the correct position After the lamp has been used, it is simply pulled out of the holder and the new lamp pushed in 65 Thus the exchange of lamps can be effected much more quickly than was formerly possible This feature is of value, particularly when photographs are taken in rapid sequence 70 These features enable the flashlight lamps to be manufactured simply and handled easily by the user. The current supply wires of the lamp are arranged on the largest diameter of the lamp 75 neck and they can therefore be clamped against the lamp neck by a simple ring having a circular aperture This ring may conveniently serve as a stop for the insertion of the lamp into its holder 80 To ensure correct location of the lamp in a holder, the lamp neck is preferably flattened or provided with flat sides between the areas of maximum diameter on which the supply wires lie 85 As a rule, the outside of the flashlight lamp bulb is coated with a transparent lacquer to hold together the fragments of the bulb, if it should break when used It was common practice to apply this transparent 90 785,493 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improveminents in or relating to Flashlight Lamp Therefor ERRATUII SPECIFICATIO 1; _O 785,493 PATENT SPECFI(CATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: August 8, 1955. No 22786/55 v Application made in Netherlands on August 7, 1954. Complete Specification Published: October 30, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Clas Res 9 ( 2), C 2 D: C 2 E International Classification:-GO 3 d. L; and 38 ( 1}, E 3 (A 6 A: A 12: B 4 A: B 4 D: C 2 C: : D 2: E 3 A: E 3 B: X). H 02 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Flashlight Lamp and Holders Therefor We, PHILLIPS ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, of Spencer House, South Place, Finsbury, London, E C 2, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- THIS INVENTION relates to flash light lamps and holders therefor According to the invention a flash light lamp comprises a bead mount provided with a glass foot which is constituted by the bulb neck and an exhaust tube sealed together at their respective edges, the current supply wires of the bead mount, which are taken through the sealing edges between the bulb neck and the exhaust tube to the outside, being

clamped against the bulb neck near the bulb by a flat ring made of insulating material and having a circular inner periphery which engages the outer side of the lamp neck only over part of the said inner periphery, whilst two opposite surfaces extending parallel to the axis of the lamp are provided on that part of the cross section of the lamp neck where the ring is not in contact with the lamp neck Preferably the insulating ring engages with the lamp neck over an adhesive layer so that the wires are caused to adhere to the lamp neck When the lamp is inserted in a holder, the wires are in contact with resilient current supply members of the lamp holder such that the lamp is held in the holder. As is known, flashlight lamps can be used once only and after taking a photograph by means of a flashlight lamp, the used lamp must be exchanged for a new one A photographer using these lamps therefore carries with him a number of spare lamps It is therefore an advantage, if these lamps occupy but little space and have but little weight. Of late years, the trend of development of flashlight lamps has been for the bulbs of these lamps to become smaller and we have previously suggested providing such lamps with a bead mount, which is materially cheaper than the stem tube mount formerly employed It has also been the practice to 50 secure a metal cap rigidly to the lamp neck in similar manner to that employed for ordinary illuminating lamps, consequently, after the lamp has been once used, the cap is thrown away with the lamp This waste 55 may now be avoided by providing the lamp with a holder from which it is detachable. By matching the shapes of the lamp neck and the aperture in the lamp holder, the cap-less lamp can be positioned correctly 60 by feel Also, the lamp holder contacts are resilient and shaped to hold the inserted lamp in the correct position After the lamp has been used, it is simply pulled out of the holder and the new lamp pushed in 65 Thus the exchange of lamps can be effected much more quickly than was formerly possible This feature is of value, particularly when photographs are taken in rapid sequence 70 These features enable the flashlight lamps to be manufactured simply and handled easily by the user. The current supply wires of the lamp are arranged on the largest diameter of the lamp 75 neck and they can therefore be clamped against the lamp neck by a simple ring having a circular aperture This ring may conveniently serve as a stop for the insertion of the lamp into its holder 80 To ensure correct location of the lamp in a holder, the lamp neck is preferably flattened or provided with flat sides between the areas of maximum diameter on which the supply wires lie 85 As a rule, the outside of the flashlight lamp bulb is coated with a transparent lacquer to hold together the fragments of the bulb, if it should break when used It was common practice to apply this

transparent 90 785,493 785,493 lacquer coating after the lamp cap had been secured to the bulb The omission of the cap permits a different procedure in manufacture The lacquer may be applied before sealing-in the zbead mount and is preferably the first stage of manufacture Next the actinically burning material is introduced into the bulb The lead mount is then suspended in the bulb with the supply wires bent over the bulb neck and the ring of insulating material is slipped over the neck of the bulb Then the exhaust tube is sealed onto the neck of the bulb In the course of this operation, the lacquer layer becomes somewhat sticky in the region of the seal and conveniently serves as an adhesive for the insulating ring In this way, the insulating ring is automatically stuck to the neck and the supply wires are at the 2 same time secured to the neck of the bulb. The lamp holder used in the combination is with advantage shaped so that its end remote from the lamp fitted into it fits into a conventional lamp holder as used for lamps with fitted caps. If this cap-less lamp and holder combination is used in a conventional flashlight lamp reflector having a conventional lamp holder, the exchange of a lamp is performed simply be removing the expended lamp from the intermediate lamp holder and inserting a new bulb. Alternatively this holder may be secured rigidly to a reflector, in which case only the cap-less flashlight lamps can be used The last-mentioned arrangement makes it possible to provide the reflector with an ejecting device for removing expended flashlight lamps. In order that the invention may be put into effect readily, an example will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:Figures 1 and 2 are two lateral views of a cap-less photographic flashlight lamp on an enlarged scale and taken at right angles to each other; Figure 3 is a plan view of the lamp shown in Figures 1 and 2 arranged foot uppermost as shown in those figures; Figure 4 is a plan view of a lamp holder which would be suitable for the lamps of Figures 1 to 3, arranged with the end to receive the lamp uppermost; Figure 5 is a perspective view of the lamp and lamp holder arranged so that the lamp can be inserted into the lamp holder by an axial movement, and Figure 6 is a diagrammatical sectional view of a reflector with integral lamp holder suitable for cap-less lamps and with a lamp ejector. The lamp shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 has bulb 1, which encloses a filament wire 2, supported from a bead mount comprising pole wires 3 and 4 and a bead 5 The bulb 1 also encloses actinically burning material 6, in the form of fine wire Alternatively, this may be in the form of strip or foil To the bulb neck 7 is secured, in the sealing 70 plane A-A, an exhaust tube, of which the sealed-off end 8 is shown in the drawings of the completed lamp.

In the manufacture of such a lamp the outer side of the bulb is coated with a trans 75 parent lacquer layer Next, a quantity of actinic material is introduced into the bulb before the exhaust tube and the bead mount are fitted Then the bead mount is hung over the sealing edge of the bulb neck 80 so that the bent-over ends 9 and 10 of the pole wires engage the edge A A at their bends Then a flat ring 11, having a circular central hole 12 is slipped over the bulb neck 7, to secure the wire ends 9 and 10 85 This ring is made of insulating material such as cardboard After these operations, the exhaust tube 8 is arranged on the sealing surface A A of the bulb neck and sealed thereto The bulb is evacuated and oxy 90 gen is then introduced into it Finally, the exhaust tube is sealed off and the lamp is then ready for use. During the heating of the bulb for sealing the exhaust tube to the surface A A, the 95 transparent lacquer layer becomes slightly sticky As the bulb cools, this lacquer layer hardens and serves as an adhesive for the ring 11 on the bulb 1 As is evident, particularly from Figure 3, the diameter d 100 of the hole 12 in the ring 11 is chosen to be such that the ring fits tightly on the part of the bulb neck 7 of greatest diameter (e). Consequently, the ring engages the bulb neck only over the zones B E and C D 105 Thus the ring also holds the bent-over ends 9 and 10 of the current supply wires tightly against the outside of the bulb neck 7. As shown in Figure 3 the circumference of the bulb neck 7 deviates from that of a 110 circle and has flat parts B C and D E which serve as locating faces in co-operation with the lamp holder, and intermediate curved parts C D and E B, against which lie the ends 9 and 10 of the pole wires 3 115 and 4 The distance between the surfaces B C and D E is designated by f; the distance between the curved surfaces C D and E B corresponds substantially to the diameter e of the hole in the ring 11 120 This shape of the bulb neck has the effect of correctly locating the lamp upon insertion into the lamp holder 13 in relation to the contacts 14 and 15 Thus the correct rotational position of the lamp relatively 125 to the holder is easily found when a lamp is inserted therein. As shown in Figure 4 and the left-hand part of Figure 5, the holder consists of a metal cylindrical body part 16 and a flange 130 the reflector, the bracket 39 carries a guide for the shaft 41 of a lamp ejector This ejector has a knob 43 and a head 42 so that when the knob is pushed forwards, the ejector slides axially through the guide 40 so 70 that the head 42 enters the sleeve 33 through a rear aperture 47 provided for the purpose until the head 42 abuts against the end 44 of the neck 45 of a lamp fitted in the reflector lamp holder, whereupon

the lamp 49 75 is pushed forward by the ejector until it disengages from the resilient contacts 34 and and falls out of the reflector Thereafter, the ejector may be retracted and a new lamp fitted, the ring 50 around the 80 lamp neck 51 limiting the depth of insertion. In the embodiment shown the bulb neck has two facing locating surfaces with intermediate curved surfaces, against which the 85 ends of the supply wires are secured It will, however, be obvious that other lamp neck sections of non-circular shape will also provide suitable locating surfaces in relation to a correspondingly shaped holder However, 90 the current supply wires should preferably lie against opposite faces on the largest diameter of the lamp foot. A method of manufacturing a flash light lamp, somewhat similar to the lamp describ 95 ed in the present specification has been described and claimed in Specification 744,848 which although bearing a prior filing date, had not however been published at the time of filing of the present specification This 100 prior specification relates to a method in the manufacturing of a flash light lamp, of introducing an ignition device, supported by a bead mount structure, into the bulb which has an integral neck part, characterized in 105 that, after the bead mount structure has been introduced into the lamp bulb in such manner that the ends of the support wires project from the mouth of the bulb neck, these ends are bent along the outer surface 110 of the bulb neck and are secured in position thereon by a close fitting ring which is fitted around the bulb neck and secured thereon by softening an adhesive already applied to the surface of the bulb, whereupon the ex 115 haust tube is sealed to the bulb neck in a manner such that the ends of the support wires extend through the joint.

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* GB785494 (A)

Description: GB785494 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Weighing apparatus for continuous weighing of equal amounts of granularmaterial

Description of GB785494 (A)

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Weighing Apparatus for Continuous Weighing of Equal Amounts of Granular Material We, TEEPACK SPEZIALMASCHINEN G. M. B. H., a German Company, of 19, Kevelaerer Strasse, Dusseldorf-Heerdt, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted ro us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particu- larly described in and by the following statement :- The present invention relates to weighing apparatus for continuous weighing of equal amounts of granular material and of the kind in which a weigh beam carries a load pan at each end and in which the load pans are alternately filled with a desired amount of material. The known weighing machines of this kind have the disadvantage that they are very com- plicated and are subject to considerable friction. Further the diversion of the funnel for the granular material from one scale pan to the other is effected comparatively slowly since various parts must operate successively to perform this action. In the comparatively long period between reaching the intended weight and the actual diversion of the stream of material a continuation of the filling occurs. This fact together with the substantial friction forces has the result that an e act weighr cannot be maintained on such machines. To avoid this disadvantage the weighing machine according to the invention is characterised in chat a stationary weight carrier is provided at each end of the weigh beam for supporting the weights, that the weights are lifted from the carrier by the rocking movement of the weigh beam by means provided at both ends of the weigh beam, when the load pan on the same side of the weigh beam is empty and the load pan on the other side of the weigh beam is filled and are again deposited on the carrier when the load pan on the same side of the weigh beam is heavier than the load pan on the other side of the weigh beam and that the stationary weight carrier and the means provided at the ends of the weigh beam for lifting and depositing the weights are so arranged that the weights are moved in a substantially vertical direction. The stationary carriers may be provided with hollow cone-shaped seats which carry the weights and the latter have a cone-shaped outer surface fitting into a hollow cone-shaped recess. Further, cone-shaped

pins are provided directly or indirectly on the weigh beam below the carriers for the weights and at a small distance therefrom, which lift the weights upon the movements of the weigh beam and set them down again upon the carriers. Moreover, a detector device of mechanical, electrical or optical type is provided which in each case on reaching the given weight of one load pan controls in known manner the deflection of the stream of granular material from one load pan to the other. Such a weighing apparatus has the advantage that the alternate loading and unloading the weigh beam with the weights is effected even for quite small deflections of the beam since the weights are arranged at a small distance over the cone-shaped pins carried by the weigh beam, which lift the weights and can again deposit them on the carrier. By the special formation of the weights, of the seatings for the weights provided on the carriers and the pins provided on the weigh beam, centering of the weights is obtained and thereby the removal of much friction and an impact-free movement of the weights. Thereby an increase in the accuracy of weighing is obtained with simultaneously a more simple construction of the apparatus. As a result of the small distance of the weights from the pins and the small deflection of the beam a practi- cally vertical movement of the weights is permitted. Weighing machines are known embodying weights which are adapted to be lifted but such weighing machines are not intended for the continuous weighing of uniform amounts of granular material and thus the weights are pro- vided on such machines only on one side of the beam. Moreover the weights were in such cases arranged either in stationary guides without true centering or they embodied several cone-shaped bores by which they were mounted on coned pins and centering is effected by a stem which does not move out of the appropriate cylindrical bores provided in the weights. In the-latter case the coned formation merely has the purpose of securing an impact-free engagement of the weight. In all cases however considerable friction is involved which is avoided by the present invention. Conveniently the lifting weights are arranged between the knife edges of the load pans and the load pans themselves. The weights may embody a recess for receiving fractional value weights. It is also advantageous that both the weight carriers as also the cone-shaped pins arranged on parts of the beam are adjustable in height and the pins are preferably arranged on a bridge-piece of the load pans concerned. On both sides of the weigh beam stops are preferably also provided above it which strike the weigh beam when the weight is lifted only by a small amount from its seat. The method of operation of the weighing machine according to the

invention is such that one side of the weigh beam is loaded with the weight corresponding to the amount of granular material to be weighed out as soon as the material has been supplie to the load pan of the other side of the beam and that after reaching the desired weight this first load pan is emptied and the second load pan is filled at the same time, the weigh beam on this side is unloaded from the weights and loaded with the same weight on the side of the first load pan being emptied as soon as the second load pan has reached approximately the desired weight. This procedure can be performed as often as desired without a break so that a continuous working of the machine is possible. If, as is convenient, the machine is operated with preliminary filling and then making up to weight, the machine is preferably so constructed that the loading with the weight is effected in each case at one side of the weight beam at the latest as soon as the initial filling of the load pan on the other side is ended. Preferably the commencement of the filling of the one load pan and the termination of the filling of the other load pan are effected simul- taneously so that the flow of granular material need not be interrupted but merely diverted. A weighing apparatus according to the invention is shown by way of example and partially rammatically on the accompany- ing drawings, in which :- Fig. 1 is a partially sectioned view of the weighing apparatus ; Fig. 2 shows that the support for a load pan with several cone-shaped pins adjustable in height and, in section, a weight carrier with several weights of different values ; Fig. 3 shows on an enlarged scale a weight and in section part of a weight carrier ; Fig. 4 shows on an enlarged scale a partially sectioned partial view of the weighing apparatus ; and Fig. 5 shows a plan of the apparatus. The apparatus embodies a weigh beam 1 formed by two parallel disposed rod-like parts. These are supported by means of knife edges 3 on a stand 2 which embodies knife sockets 31. The weigh beam 1 carries load pans 41 411 at its ends, each pan being suspende by a support 5 which connects the two rod-like parts of the weigh beam 1. Each support 5 embodies two vo knife so l-ets 61 by which it is supported against knife edges 6 provided at the ends of the weigh beam 1. The load pans 41, 4"which are of funnel-shape, each embody a discharge flap 7 hinged to the parallel side walls of the load pan by means of a hinge 27 and in the closed position the flap 7 bears against these parallel side walls. Further, a counter-weight 23 is adjustably mounted on a lever 29

secured to the spindle ef each hinge 27, this spindle being rigidly connecte to the assoeiated discharge Sap 7. The purpose of the weights 28 is to bring the flap 7 of the load pan 41 or 411 to its closed position, but the torque exerted thereby on the discharge fap 7 by the weight 28 can be overcome by the material in the load pan. Further, a projecting lever 30, which is vertical when the discharge flap 7 is in the closed position, is rigidly connected to each hinge spindle and serves to locl-the discharge flap 7. A double-armed lever 36 is pivoted to each support 5 at 35, and is subjected to the action of a spring 37, secured to the lever 35 and to the load pan concerned, said spring 37 tending to depress the lever against a stop 38 provided on the load pan concerne. This stop 38 is so arranged that the lever 36-, the lever 30 and thus the discharge flap 7 concerne can be locked. The release of the lever 36 can be effected in each case by an electromagnet 39 secured to a stationary plate 11 by means of an angle bracket 40. At their lower ends the load pans 41, 471 are engaged by a beam 8 which, like the weigh beam 1, may consist oi two parallel disposed rod-like parts bearing by knife edges 9 in knife sockets 91 provided on the stand 2. The beam 8 carries knife edges 10 at its ends on which the load pans 41, 411 bear by means of knife socl ; ets 10t. The weigh beam is supporte by means of the stand 2 on the horizontally arranged plate 11 which embodies recesses 12 for the load pans 41, 411. Weights 13 are associated with carriers secured to the horizontal plate 11, each consisting of two angle section elerments 141 and l41l. The overlapping vertically arranged limbs of the carriers 14), 141l are fixed together by means of a screw 15 which engages the vertical limb of carrier 14 and traverses a slot 16 in the vertical limb of the carrier element 1491 so that the angle element 14"is adjustable in height. As will be apparent particularly from Figs. 2, 3 and 4 the carrier elements 14"and fl4" embody recessed conical seats 17 for receiving the cone-shaped outer surfaces 18 of the weights 13 ; the latter each comprise a hollow cone-shaped recess 19 which corresponds to a cone-shaped pin 20. In the embodiment shown said pins are adjustably arranged in a vertical direction on the connecting parts 21 of the support 5. As shown the pins 20 embody a threaded shank 31 which can be clamped to the connecting part 21 by means of nuts 32. The weights conveniently embody in their upper face a recess 26 for receiving fractional value weights. In the horizontal position of the weigh beam 1 the axis of each cone-shaped pin 20, the axis of the corresponding cone-shaped recess 17 of the weight carrier 141l, the axis of the coneshaped outer

surface 18 of the weight 13 seating in this recess 17 and the axis of the coneshaped recess 19 of the weight 13 concerne, all lie in a straight line which lies in the plane running through the edges of the knife elements 6. Stationary abutments 22 are provided over both limbs of the weigh beam 1 and are rigidly connecte to the plate 11. These abutments are so placed that in the horizontal position of the weigh beam they are located at a small distance therefrom so that the weigh beam can only execute small movements. The supply of the granular material is effected from a funnel 23 and a hose-like distributor feeder 24 and the granular material passes from the sections thereof into the feeder channels 25 which feed it to the load pans 41, 411. The feeder channels 25 are conveniently formed in known manner as shaker feeders, and supporte in pivotal manner on the plate 11 by means of springs 33. The feeder channels 25 can be operated by alternating current magnets 34 in such manner that they deliver the granular material from the distributor feeder 24 into the load pans #, 41 Dhen the magnets 34 are not energised the feeder channels 25 are stationary and do not feed. When one magnet 34 is energised by alternating current the feeder channel 25 concerne is set into vibration and delivers the granular material. An upwardly projecting lever 41 is fixedly secured to the centre of one rod-lilce section of the weigh beam 1 and the ends of said lever 41 are forked. A photosensitive element 42 is secured to the distributor feeder 24 which can be so illuminated by a point source of light, not shown, that the ends of the lever 41 interrupt the light beam on movement of the weigh beam. The shaker magnets 34 and the unlock- ing magnets 39 are controlled by this photo- sensitive element 42 in known manner not further described. The method of operation of the weighing machine is as follows : a weight or weights 13 is placed on each carrier 14"equal to the amount of material to be delivered and assuming that the granular material is fed to the load pan 1 and that the load pan 41 is empty, it will be seen that the weigh beam 1 is depressed to a small extent by the weight of the load pan 411 and that the load pan 41 rises. Thereby the cone-shaped pins 20 pertaining to the load pan 41 engage the weight 13 but no further movement accurs until the weight in the load pan 4"reaches the required value when the beam comes into equilibrium as the weight 13 is lifted off the carrier 14". After a small further movement in equilibrium the weigh beam causes the photosensitive element 42 to be screened from the light source by the forked end of the lever 41 whereupon the shaker magnet 34 of the feeder channel 25 feeding the load pan 411 is de-energised so that further feed to that pan is stopped and the mag- net 39 associated

with the lever 36 locking the discharge flap 7 of the pan 411 is momentarily energised so that the lever 36 and consequently the lever 30 of the load pan 411 are released and the discharge flap 7 opens to empty load pan 411. At the same time as the shaker magnet 34 of the load pan 411 is de-energised that pertaining to the load pan 4 is energised so that the feeder channel 25 concerned is set into vibration and commences the filling of the load pan 41 hile the load pan 411 is empty- ing. In each case the shaker magnet which is brought into operation in this way, remains in operation until the weigh beam reaches its other end position. Thus emptying of one load pan and the filling of the other proceed at the same time and as soon as the flap 7 of the load pan which has just been filled is opened and the contents have commenced to flow out, the previously lifted weights 13 are set down on the carrier 14"concerned ; this load pan is fully emptied just before the other load pan is completely filled so that the weigh beam is tilted in the opposite direction and then comes into engagement with the weight 13 on the other side and lifts them at the moment when the required weight value is reached, whereupon the element 42 is again energised to initiate the emptying of the load pan which has just been filled and the filling of the load pan which has just been emptied, and so on alternately. After each load pan in turn has emptied the flap 7 returns to the closed position by the counterweight 28 and the lever 36 comes into locking engagement with the lever 30 by the action of the spring 37. By means of the weighing apparatus according to the invention, approximately twice the output of a common weighing machine can be obtained. Further the weigh beam operates smoothly since a retarding action is obtained on the load pan which has just been filled by the granular material still contained in the pan being emptied. The arrangement of the cone-shaped pins, of the weight searings, of the weights themselves and of the knife edges carrying the load pan concerned, in a vertical plane-considered in the horizontal position of the weigh beamgives the smallest possible departure from the desirable rectilinear movement of the weights resulting from the arcuate paths of the knife edges carrying the load pans. The effect of these deviations is minimised by the coneshape of the pins, of the seatings for the weights and the recesses in the weights in view of the co-operation of these parts. The special formation and arrangement of these parts prac- tically exclude wear and improve these sensitive parts. What we claim is :- 1. Weighing apparatus for the continuous weighing out of uniform amounts of granular material by means of a weigh beam which carries a

load pan at each end and in which the load pans are filled and emptied alternately with the desired amount of material during the movements of the weigh beam and are alter- nately loaded and unloaded at each end with the same amounts of material in such manner that the weight on one side serves for weighing out the granular material in the load pan on the other side, characterised in that a stationary weight carrier is provided at each end of the weigh beam for supporting the weights, that the weights are lifted from the carrier by the rocking movement of the weigh beam by means provided at bo ends of the weigh beam, when the load pan on the same side of the weigh beam is empty and the load pan on the other side of the weigh beam is filled and are again deposited on the carrier when the load pan on the same side of the weigh beam is heavier than the load pan on the other side of the weigh beam and that the stationary weight carrier and the means provided at the ends of the weigh beam for lifting and depositing the weights are so arranged that the weights are moved in a substantially vertical direction.

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* GB785495 (A)

Description: GB785495 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Apparatus for measuring and feeding charges of pulverulent granular orliquid materials

Description of GB785495 (A)

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Apparatus for Measuring and feeding Charges of Pulverulent Granular or Liquid Materials I, HUBERT RENE MARIE COLAS DIETS

FRANCS, of 103, Avenue Verdier, Montrouge, Seine, France, a citizen of the French Republic, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement : Various difficulties are met in the measuring and feeding of pulverulent, granular or liquid materials, particularly cement: the material must be fed regularly from a storage container to a measuring device and moreover it must be completely discharged from said measuring device; it is also convenient that the material should be delivered as desired to several places; such facilities are not provided in knawn apparauts, the more serious defects of which result from their limited possibility to reach different delivery places and above all from their irregular operation due mostly to imperfect sealing of said apparatus. For cement in particular, a perfect sealing of such apparatus is essential since atmospheric moisture causes a partial setting which results in clogging or jamming of the apparatus. It is an object of the present invention to remedy such drawbacks in order to obtain a regular and safe distribution with measured quantities of a pulverulent, granular or liquid material. Such conditions are particularly valuable for the feeding of cement in building works with high cement consumption and numerous concrete mixers or in a concrete plant. According to the invention an apparatus for weighing and feeding charges of pulverulent, granular or liquid materials, more particularly cement is characterised by the fact that it comprises a storage hopper for said material, the outlet of which hopper is offset with respect to the vertical axis of said hopper and is located adjacent a plane passing through two adjacent pillars of a supporting structure for said hopper, said outlet being connected in a fluid-tight manner to a weight measuring member fed by gravity from the hopper, which measuring member is connected in a fluid-tight manner in turn with a pivotally movable conveyor, which can swing in a horizontal plane over a large obtuse angle, said conveyor being moreover supported by means permitting it to swing in a vertical plane. In order that the invention may be more clearly understood and readily carried into practice, an embodiment thereof will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a side view of a weight and feeding apparatus, with parts broken away; Fig. 2 is a corresponding plan view from above; Fig. 3 is a sectional view to a larger scale and with parts broken away, showing the mechanism of the measuring member and of the

delivery arm; Fig. 4 is a detailed front view showing the pawls for locking the measuring member in its lower position, and Fig. 5 is a diagrammatical view from above showing the operation of the pawls. Referring to fig. 1 the material is stored in a cylindrical chamber 1 disposed with its axis vertical and having a roof provided with a filling trap-door adapted to tightly close a man-hole 2 and with a vent stack 3, a fixed vertical rod 4, the function of which will be described hereafter, depending from said roof in an eccentric position. The lower part of the chamber 1 is secured to pillars 5 arranged as the apices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the section circle of the cylindrical chamber 1. Said pillars 5 rest at ground level on horizontal base members 6. The lower circular section 7 of the chamber 1 joins the larger circular base of a cone 9 having an inclined axis. The last inclined generatrix 8 of said cone makes with the vertical an angle greater than or at least equal to the angle of repose of the pulverulent material stored in the hopper. Adjacent its apex, the cone 9 has a cylindrical extension 10 which is sealingly connected through a hose 11 to the inlet port 12 of the measuring member 13. The latter is formed by a cylindrical body extending upwards from a cone 14 which has its axis vertical in the illustrated embodiment. If necessary, said cone 14 may have an inclined axis provided the slope of its least inclined generatrix permits the measured material to flow out completely, just as described above for the hopper 9. The whole measuring member is carried by a fork 15 pivoted on diametrically opposite trunnions 16 fixed to the wall of the member 13. The fork 15 extends from one end of a beam 17 pivotally supported by a pivot pin 18 and provided at its other end with an adjustable counterweight-carrying device 19. The pivot pin 18 is supported by an arm 20 which, for example, depends from the cone 9. The apex of the cone 14 is connected, through a sealing hose 21, to the inlet port 22 of a delivery arm 23 which can swing owing to the flexibility of said hose 21. The arm 23 is formed by a box-member of suitable length bearing on trunnions 23a supported by a forked bracket 23b mounted on a thrust bearing 24 resting on the horizontal member 6. Thus, as best shown in Fig. 2, the arm 23 can swing about a vertical axis aligned with the fore-mentioned rod 4 over an angle limited by the lines A and B which are just in contact with the external surface of the adjacent pillars 5, said angle approximating to 1800 in the illustrated example. Moreover, the arm can pivot in a vertical plane

about the trunnions 23a in the forked bracket 23b. The arm and the hereafter described devices supported thereby are so balanced that the discharge end of said arm tends to rise. The box-member of the arm 23 carries an electric motor 24 which, through suitable transmission means diagrammatically indicated at 25 in Fig. 3, drives a conveyor band 26 running over a driving roller 27 and a stretching roller 28. The loaded side of the band 26 is supported by suitably spaced intermediate rollers 29. Adjacent the roller 28, the box-member 23 terminates in a discharge spout 30 which can be closed tightly at its lower end by a trap 31. Said trap is operated by means of a lever arm 32 fast with the hinge pin 33 of the trap and actuated by a link rod 34 connected to one end of a control lever 35 pivoted on a pin 36 carried by the wall of the box-member 23. The lever 35 is also connected to a link rod 37 pivoted on a lever arm 38 which is fast with the shaft of a cam 39. The lever 35 is moreover pivotally connected with a pair of rods 40 which control a pair of pawls 41 simultaneously actuated by a pair of cam elements 42 moving linearly back and forth with the rods 40 (see Fig. 5). The pawls have an elastically deformable body and are rigidly fixed at their end opposite their hooked end to the sides of the forked bracket 23b. Said pawls are substantially in the plane of the trunnions 23a, so that they may keep their hold in spite of oscillations of the delivery arm 23 in the vertical plane. The trap 31 is provided with a tappet 44 adapted to operate a contact45 connected through leads 46 to the motor 24, so that the opening of the trap causes the motor 24 to start and that the closing of the trap causes the motor to stop. With such an arrangement, the lever 35 simultaneously controls the trap, the motor and the pawls. Of course, other control arrangements may be used and adapted to the control of other kinds of motor, such as compressed fluid motors, internal combustion engines or any other suitable motor means. The rod 4 has fixed thereto at the suitable level an appropriately shaped valve member 47 adapted to tightly close the inlet port 12 when the measuring device is in its lower position. The rod 4 is also provided with an abutment 48 for a spring 49 mounted around the rod 4 and pressing against the end of a tube 50 through which the rod 4 passes with a substantial clearance. The lower end of the tube 50 is provided with a lifting plate 51 the lower face of which is engaged by the profiled contour of the cam 39 at an eccentric point of said face. The tube 50 also carries a shaped valve member 52 the lower portion of which is frustroconical and adapted to close the outlet port at the lower end of the conical portion 14 of the measuring member 13. The rod 4 extends through the plate 51 and the free end of said rod

cooperates with a cam 53 carried by a shaft which extends through the sides of the box-member 23 and is rotated by the motor 24 through transmission means diagrammatically indicated at 54 in Fig. 3. The smaller base of the conical portion 14 is provided with a reinforcement 55 formed externally with a number of annular plane surfaces alternating with conical surfaces so as to be automatically caught by the pawls 41 when the measuring device moves to its lower position with the control lever 35 in its pulled up position. The above described apparatus operates as follows: The storage chamber 1 and the hopper cone 9 are filled with a pulverulent or granular material through any handling means, said material being thus protected against weather. Under the action of the counterweight 19, the weight measuring member 13 is raised, whereas the valve member 47 is stationary. The inlet port 12 is therefore open, the flexibility of the hose 11 permitting the relative movement between the valve and port. The pulverulent material then flows down into the measuring member 13-14, the outlet port of which is closed by the valve member 52 urged against its seat by the spring 49. When the weight of the pulverulent material in the measuring member has reached a predetermined value, the balance is upset and the counterweight 19 is lifted, the measuring member 13 moves downwards and the inlet port 12 is closed by the valve member 47, the hose 11 then stretching out. If it is desired to deliver the thus measured weight, it is merely necessary to bring the arm 23 to the desired angular positions in the horizontal and vertical planes and to pull up the lever 35 as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 3. The pawls 41 then engage the catching surfaces 55, thus holding the measuring member 13 in its lower position and keeping the inlet port 12 dosed by the valve member 47. At the same time, the cam 39 has rotated and lifted the valve member 52 against the action of the spring 49. The measured quantity of material is thus discharged on to the band 26 which is put in motion by the motor 24 as a result of the simultaneous opening of the trap 31 which makes the contact at 45. The measured quantity is delivered through the spout 30 at the desired place. During the discharge operation, the cam 53 causes transversal vibrations of the rod 4 and the propagation of said vibrations within the chamber 13 and the hopper cone 9 is sufficient to break any vault formation which may have a tendency to occur in the stored material. If the delivery has to be slowed or interrupted, it is sufficient therefor to slightly pull down the lever 35 so as to partially close the trap 31 and stop the motor 24. In order that this operation does not cause undue release of the catching surfaces 55 by the pawls 41, one of the pivot pins of each link rod 40 extends through an elongated hole, so that the pawls are

actuated only when the lever 35 is fully pulled back; alternatively the cam elements 42 may be so shaped as to obtain the same result. The position and inclination of the delivery arm may be changed during the delivery operation without affecting the engagement of the pawls 41 with the catching surfaces 55. When the lever 35 is moved to its lower position, the cam 39 leaves the valve member 52 free to come back to its closing position on the outlet port of the cone 14 and the pawls 41 are moved clear of the catching surfaces 55. Since the measuring member 13 is empty, the counterweight 19 causes it to rise and the valve member 47 moves away from the inlet port 12, so that the pulverulent or granular material can flow from the hopper 9. It will be appreciated that the stored, measured and delivered pulverulent or granular material is all the time sealed off from outer atmosphere and that, more particularly in such material as cement, no undue setting process can occur at the connections between the hopper and the measuring member and between the latter and the delivery arm, such a setting being likely to cause stoppage of the moving members. It will be appreciated also that the control mechanism arrangement for feeding the measuring member and the delivery arm could be different, as it is only necessary, for a proper running of the mechanism, to avoid filling of the measuring member during a delivery operation. If need be, the various controls of the measuring member and the delivery arm may be effected by separate control members, instead of a common one such as the lever 35. Of course, without departing from the scope of the invention, many modifications can be made in the embodiment described and illustrated. Thus, the supporting pillars may be arranged otherwise and the eccentricity of the hopper outlet with respect to the axis of the storage chamber may vary. Also, the storage chamber may be prismatic with a pyramidal hopper. Of course, in the case of a liquid material, the conveyor means in the delivery channel will be suitably adapted, for example in the form of pumping devices, worm conveyor or the like. WHAT I CLAIMIS: 1. An apparatus for weighing and feeding charges of pulverulent, granular or liquid materials, more particularly cement characterised by the fact that it comprises a storage hopper for said material, the outlet of which hopper is offset with respect to the vertical axis of said hopper and is located adjacent a plane passing through two adjacent pillars d a supporting structure for said hopper, said outlet being connected in a fluid-tight manner to a weight measuring member fed by gravity from the hopper, which measuring member is connected in a fluid-tight manner in turn with a pivotally movable conveyor, which

can swing in a horizontal plane over a large obtuse angle, said conveyor being moreover supported by means permitting it to swing in a vertical plane. 2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised by the fact that the hopper

* GB785496 (A)

Description: GB785496 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to a method of manufacturing electric dischargetubes

Description of GB785496 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 7859496 Ad' Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Sept 5, 1955. 8 No 25412/55. Application made in Netherlands on Sept 8, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 36, E 2; and 39 ( 2), B 2 F. International Classification:-CO 3 c H Olk. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to a Method of Manufacturing Electric Discharge Tubes. We, PHILIPS ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, of Spencer House, South Place, Finsbury, London, E C 2, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The invention relates to a method of manufacturing electric discharge tubes, which comprise at least one contact member part of which is sealed in glass, whilst at least the surface of the part which projects beyond the tube consists of gold. Although such gold coated contact members can be sealed in glass satisfactorily since the coefficients of thermal expansion of the core material and the glass correspond with one another, such contact

members, particularly pin-shaped members suffer from the disadvantage that the glass is likely to crack when the member is subjected to lateral forces. It was found that this was caused by insufficient adherence of the glass to the gold. It is well known that the adherence of the glass can be strongly improved if oxides are present on a metal surface Thus, it has already been proposed to coat the surface of copper-plated or silver-plated sealing in conductors with a thin layer of chromium, which during sealing in is entirely or in part converted into chromium oxide Instead of chromium use may also be made of iron, aluminium, manganese or cobalt. However, these metals have the disadvantage that they and their oxides can only be removed from the parts projecting beyond the seal with difficulty, particularly if they are coated on a layer of gold In contact members gold is used to obtain a corrosion-resistant surface which makes a reliable contact with the contact springs Consequently, this gold surface must be cleaned by removal of oxides. In this event it is also of importance that the oxide layer has a controlled thickness which lPrice is accurately determined, since an oxide layer which is too thick may give rise to leakage due to the fact that the oxide layer does not sufficiently adhere to the base layer and is not entirely dissolved in the glass 50 These requirements can be satisfied in a simple manner in the present invention if, in a method of manufacturing an, electric discharge tube comprising at least one contact member part of which is sealed in glass whilst 55 the surface of the part which projects beyond the tube consists of gold, previous to the sealing-in operation this member is covered with a layer of copper or a layer containing copper and gold, so that at the instant of 60 sealing-in the contact member, the copper is converted to copper oxide, the resulting layer subsequently being removed from the part of the contact member which projects beyond the tube after the tube envelope has been sealed 65 off. The copper oxide can be provided by coating the gold layer with a copper layer of, for example, from 5 to 10 microns, which copper layer during heating in the sealing-in 70 process is entirely oxidised to form copper oxide This thin film of oxide also protects the base metal from attack by combustion gases and the like The copper oxide film can subsequently be removed from the gold 75 plated parts of the contact member which project beyond the seal together with any remaining copper, by pickling. As an alternative gold and copper may be coated simultaneously on the core material of 80 the contact member by electro-deposition. During heating in the sealing-in process a sufficient amount of copper

oxide is produced at the surface to ensure a good adherence of the glass The desired result is obtainable 85 even if the layer contains only 1 % of copper. In this event also the oxides can subsequently be removed from the surface outside of the seal. When not only a satisfactory contact but 90 also a very high conductivity for highfrequency currents is required, the core material may be coated with a copper-gold alloy compound, for example Au Cu or Au Cu 3 The electric resistance of gold-copper compounds is a minimum at this molecular ratio When such a compound is used, a surface copper oxide layer is produced during sealing-in which subsequently can be readily removed from the surface projecting beyond the seal by pickling Since such a layer of high electric conductivity contains a comparatively small amount of gold, it is cheap and consequently may be made comparatively thick without the tube becoming too expensive This ensures a better protection of the core metal In addition, the wear resistance of such a layer is higher not only because the layer is thicker, but also because it is harder. In contra-distinction thereto care was taken in a well-known process that on no account was a copper oxide layer produced at the surface of a conductor for high frequency currents since copper oxide is a semi-conductor so that the occurrence of large highfrequency losses was feared Consequently, the copper layer was coated with a layer of chromium, iron or aluminium, which layer was oxidised in order to improve the adherence of the glass, which oxides also offer a very high resistance In this process the copper could, if required, be replaced by silver or gold As has been mentioned hereinbefore, the said coating metals suffer from the disadvantage that they andlor their oxides can only be removed from a gold surface with difficulty. An embodiment of the invention will now be described more fully with reference, by way of example, to the accompanying drawing, the single figure of which shows an electric discharge tube manufactured by carrying out the process in accordance with the invention. Reference numeral 1 designates the tube envelope which is sealed by a base disc 2 made of glass In the disc 2 contact pins 3 which may, for example consist of ferrochromium and are coated with a layer of gold 4 are sealed in Between the gold layer 4 and 50 the core 3 one or more intermediate layers, which preferably contain cobalt, may be interposed At the seal copper oxide 5 is dissolved in the glass so that a satisfactory adherence of the glass to the gold layer 4 is 55 obtained The pins 3 are connected to an electrode system 6.

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* GB785497 (A)

Description: GB785497 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Cellulose acetate having improved color fastness and process of producingthe same

Description of GB785497 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Sept 6, 1955. o' No 25515/55. Application made in United States of America on Sept 16 d-1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance: -Class 2 ( 2), B 2 82, F 2 (F: G: J), F 3 (B: E: F: G: H: L). International Classification:-CO 8 b D Oif. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Cellulose Acetate having improved Color Fastness and process of producing the same We, PHILLIPS PETROLEUM COMPANY, a corporation organised under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, of Bartlesville, State of Oklahoma, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: -

This invention relates to cellulose acetate having improved color fastness In a further aspect, this invention relates to a method of producing cellulose acetate having improved color fastness. In British Patent 744,244, a method is disclosed relating to the treatment of fabrics in order to produce materials having improved resistance to gas fading The process disclosed in that application which provides the best resistance to gas fading is a multi-step one comprising impregnating the fabric with an aqueous acid solution of a polymer of a vinylpyridine, subjecting the fabric to treatment with a basic material, removing excess base, and finally drying the resulting impregnated fabric. We have discovered that materials having a basis of cellulose acetate which are resistant to gas fading can be prepared by incorporating a vinyl-pyridine (as hereinafter defined) or a polymer of vinylpyridine in the casting or spinning solution Surprisingly, fibers and films obtained from such a solution are resistant to gas fading, and the process represents a considerable improvement over the above-mentioned Patent because of the elimination of the treating steps after the fabric is made. Utilizing the present invention, it is possible for a film or yarn supplier to incorporate the vinylpyridine or polymer thereof in the casting dope and thus enable such a supplier to provide a later processor with a material having resistance to gas fading as an inherent property of the material. By the various aspects of this invention, one lPticc 3 s 6 d l or more of the following aspects will be obtained. An object of this invention is to provide a cellulose acetate material, such as films, yarns, filaments, caps, bands, and the like, which is color fast when compared to unmodified cellulose acetate A further object of this invention is to provide cellulose acetate products which are resistant to gas fading and to provide a process for the preparation of these materials. It is pointed out that fibers made from cellulose acetate are sold as " acetate " Our process for improving the color fastness of cellulose acetate materials comprises the addition of a minor amount of a vinylpyridine (as hereinafter defined) or a" polymer thereof in the casting or spinning dope The vinylpyridine or polymer thereof is retained in the film or fiber following the casting thereof. In order to provide resistance to gas fading, at least 0 04 pound per 100 pounds of cellulose acetate of the vinylpyridine or polymer thereof should be incorporated in the cellulose acetate The major improvement is obtained using up to 2 parts by weight on the same basis, although, when conditions are severe, as much as 5 parts per 100 parts of the cellulose acetate are used.

For the production of films or fibers from cellulose acetate, the acetate, prepared by acetylating cellulose, is dissolved in a suitable solvent The particular solvent used can be any one which dissolves cellulose acetate and which is a solvent for vinylpyridine or polyvinylpyridine Chloroform has been used as such a solvent, but the one in commercial use today is acetone Other solvents include acetonyl acetone, dioxane, methyl acetate, ethyl lactate, and furfural In general, the spinning or casting solution contains from 5 to 35 per cent by weight of the cellulose acetate and has a viscosity of approximately 1500 poises If a dull yarn is required, titanium oxide is added to this solution, generally in an amount of 1 to 2 per cent. 785497 The dye can be also added to this solution, although, in general, our invention is used when the final product after casting is to be dyed. After the solvent/cellulose acetate solution is prepared, it is supplied to the casting operation When yarn is being produced, the dope is squeezed through a spinneret, a metal plate through which a number of small holes have been drilled, into a drying zone where the filaments pass counter-current to a stream of heated air This heated air, at a temperature in the neighborhood of 100 ' C, evaporates practically all of the solvent from the filaments, the solvent being withdrawn from the cabinet and recovered by any suitable means. While any vinylpyridine which is soluble in the casting dope is suitable for use in this invention, 2-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine and 2-vinyl-5-ethylpyridine are preferred The compounds to be used according to the invention have the formula ( R (CP-CH,) where R is hydrogen or methyl and N is 1 or 2 Other alkyl groups may be attached to the heterocyclic ring, but, because of the effect of steric hindrance, compounds having not more than 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups attached to the ring are preferred Other compounds which can be used in the practice of our invention include 4-vinylpyridine; 2,5divinylpyridine; 2,3,4 trimethyl 5 vinylpyridine; 3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-2-vinylpyridine; 3-ethyl-5-vinylpyridine; 2,6-diethyl-4-vinylpyridine; 2-isopropyl-4-nonyl-5-vinylpyridine; 2 methyl 5 undecyl 3 vinylpyridine; 3dodecyl-4,5-divinylpyridine; 2,4-dimethyl-5,6dipentyl 3 vinylpyridine; 2-decyl-5 (alphamethylvinyl)pyridine; 3,5 di(alpha methylvinyl)pyridine, and the like When polymers are employed, they can range from rubbery to solid resinous polymers As used herein, polymers include copolymers, terpolymers, etc, as well as homopolymers When a copolymerizable monomer is employed, it is preferred to use at least 85 per cent by weight of the vinylpyridine in the polymerizable mixture Of the materials which can be polymerized with the vinylpyridines of this invention, we prefer to use conjugated diolefins containing 4 to 6

carbon atoms per molecule. 1,3-Butadiene is most frequently used, but isoprene, piperylene, 2,3-diethyl butadiene, and the like, are also applicable Other suitable comonomers are those which contain a CH, = C< group, such as styrene, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, the butenes, methylvinyl ether and the like. The polymers can be prepared by emulsion polymerization or by polymerization in an acid medium Many emulsion polymerization systems are available using a variety of catalysts Among these are catalysts comprising the alkali or ammonuim persulfates either 65 alone or in combination with an alkali metal bisulfite; oxygen and an alkali metal bisulfite; peroxides or hydroperoxides with an iron pyrophosphate complex; peroxides or hydroperoxides with polyamines (known as the 70 peroxamine recipe); diazothioethers; other redox combinations which include an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent Reference is made to British Patents 691,965, 692,016 and 656,727, for further details of suitable poly 15 merization systems Polymerization in acid medium is shown in U S Patent 2,491,472 which discloses polymerization in the presence of acids having a dissociation constant of at least 1 49 X 10-, mineral acids being pre 80 ferred As shown in the example of the present application, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine can be polymerized in the presence of acetic acid. Cellulose acetate is particularly subject to fading when exposed to gases, such as are 85 formed by the combustion of fuel gases, illuminating gases and the like The oxides of nitrogen, such as NO, NO,, N 0,Q and N.O are known to have a deleterious effect on dyed cellulose acetate, various shades of 90 blue anthraquinone dyes being the most susceptible to gas fading It is also known that N O is formed in the combustion of fuel gases, the gaseous products of which combustion, as noted above, cause gas fading 95 The following example sets forth a particular example of a cellulose acetate material produced according to the process of our invention The particular amounts specified therein should be considered as illustrative of 100 the invention herein set forth, but should not be considered as limiting the invention to the specific amounts recited. EXAMPLE. An acetone solution of cellulose acetate, 105 blue dye, and poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine was prepared using the ingredients in the following proportions: Parts b Cellulose acetate 1 Celanthrene Blue FFS Poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine An anthraquinone dye (du Pont) y Weight 1 Sufficient acetone was employed to give a solution having a solids content of 10 per cent 115 by weight. A solution was prepared similar to the above, except that

poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine was omitted. Films from the two solutions were cast on 120 glass with a Bird film applicator A piece of each film was placed in a 250 C circulating air oven with air containing 0 5 volume per 785,497 dine in the casting or spinning dope. The process of claim 4, in which said poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine is present in an amount between 0 04 and 5 pounds per 100 45 pounds of said cellulose acetate. 6 The process of claim 4, in which said poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine is present in an amount between 0 04 and 2 pounds per pounds of said cellulose acetate 50 7 In the production of cellulose acetate fibers by a process which comprises preparing a solution of cellulose acetate in acetone having a solids content of 5 to 35 per cent of cellulose acetate by weight, feeding the 55 resulting dope through a spinning jet to a zone supplied with heated air, and recovering the resulting fibers, the improvement which comprises adding, to improve the color fastness of the fibers, between 0 04 to 5 pounds 60 per 100 pounds of cellulose acetate of material selected from the group consisting of vinylpyridines (as hereinbefore defined) and polymers thereof. 8 The process of claim 7 in which said 65 material added to improve color fastness is poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine. 9 Cellulose acetate containing a minor amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of vinylpyridines (as herein 70 defined) and polymers thereof. Cellulose acetate containing a minor amount of poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine. 11 Cellulose acetate containing, per 100 pounds of said material, 0 04 to 5 pounds of 75 poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine. 12 Cellulose acetate containing, per 100 pounds of said material, 0 04 to 2 pounds of poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine. STEVENS, LANGNER, PARRY & ROLLINSON, Chartered Patent Agents, Agents for the Applicants. cent NO, The film containing the poly-2methyl-5-vinylpyridine remained blue, while the other film turned a light red after 45 minutes. The polymer was made using the following recipe: 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridine Water Glacial acetic acid Potassium persulfate Sodium bisulfite Parts by Weight 300 0.9 0.5 Polymerization was carried out at 500 C, substantially quantitative conversion being obtained in 12 hours. The other vinylpyridines set forth above can be substituted for the 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine.

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