5.01.19 Injectable Clostridial Collagenase for ... · Injectable Clostridial Collagenase for...

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MEDICAL POLICY – 5.01.19 Injectable Clostridial Collagenase for Fibroproliferative Disorders BCBSA Ref. Policy: 5.01.19 Effective Date: Feb. 1, 2018 Last Revised: Jan. 30, 2018 Replaces: 5.01.524 RELATED MEDICAL POLICIES: None Select a hyperlink below to be directed to that section. POLICY CRITERIA | CODING | RELATED INFORMATION EVIDENCE REVIEW | REFERENCES | HISTORY Clicking this icon returns you to the hyperlinks menu above. Introduction Dupuytren’s contracture is a hand condition where knots of tissue form beneath the skin of the palm. Over time these knots create a cord, which pulls on one or more fingers. The cord is inflexible, causing the fingers to curl into a bent position. The ring finger and pinky fingers are usually affected, with the middle finger affected less often. It’s rare that the index finger and thumb are affected. The condition advances slows and usually starts with a thickening of skin on the palm. A knot then forms, followed by another and another. Men older than 50 and of northern European descent have the highest incidence of Dupuytren’s contracture. There are a few treatment options, one of which calls for injecting a specific enzyme (clostridial collagenase) into the cord. The enzyme makes the cord softer, allowing it to stretch and break as a doctor straightens the fingers. The enzyme also has been used to try to treat other conditions. This policy describes the conditions for which injections of this enzyme may be considered medically necessary. Note: The Introduction section is for your general knowledge and is not to be taken as policy coverage criteria. The rest of the policy uses specific words and concepts familiar to medical professionals. It is intended for providers. A provider can be a person, such as a doctor, nurse, psychologist, or dentist. A provider also can be a place where medical care is given, like a hospital, clinic, or lab. This policy informs them about when a service may be covered.

Transcript of 5.01.19 Injectable Clostridial Collagenase for ... · Injectable Clostridial Collagenase for...

  • MEDICAL POLICY 5.01.19

    Injectable Clostridial Collagenase for Fibroproliferative

    Disorders BCBSA Ref. Policy: 5.01.19

    Effective Date: Feb. 1, 2018

    Last Revised: Jan. 30, 2018

    Replaces: 5.01.524

    RELATED MEDICAL POLICIES:

    None

    Select a hyperlink below to be directed to that section.

    POLICY CRITERIA | CODING | RELATED INFORMATION

    EVIDENCE REVIEW | REFERENCES | HISTORY

    Clicking this icon returns you to the hyperlinks menu above.

    Introduction

    Dupuytrens contracture is a hand condition where knots of tissue form beneath the skin of the

    palm. Over time these knots create a cord, which pulls on one or more fingers. The cord is

    inflexible, causing the fingers to curl into a bent position. The ring finger and pinky fingers are

    usually affected, with the middle finger affected less often. Its rare that the index finger and

    thumb are affected. The condition advances slows and usually starts with a thickening of skin on

    the palm. A knot then forms, followed by another and another. Men older than 50 and of

    northern European descent have the highest incidence of Dupuytrens contracture. There are a

    few treatment options, one of which calls for injecting a specific enzyme (clostridial collagenase)

    into the cord. The enzyme makes the cord softer, allowing it to stretch and break as a doctor

    straightens the fingers. The enzyme also has been used to try to treat other conditions. This

    policy describes the conditions for which injections of this enzyme may be considered medically

    necessary.

    Note: The Introduction section is for your general knowledge and is not to be taken as policy coverage criteria. The

    rest of the policy uses specific words and concepts familiar to medical professionals. It is intended for

    providers. A provider can be a person, such as a doctor, nurse, psychologist, or dentist. A provider also can

    be a place where medical care is given, like a hospital, clinic, or lab. This policy informs them about when a

    service may be covered.

  • Page | 2 of 13

    Policy Coverage Criteria

    Indication Medical Necessity Dupuytren contracture Injectable clostridial collagenase may be considered medically

    necessary for the treatment of Dupuytren contracture in adult

    patients with a palpable cord, for up to 3 injections at intervals

    of at least 30 days.

    Physicians should treat no more than 2 joints in the same hand

    for Dupuytren contracture per treatment visit, consistent with

    U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling.

    Note: Product name: Xiaflex (collagenase clostridium histolyticum)

    Indication Investigational Peyronie disease

    Adhesive capsulitis

    Other indications

    Injectable clostridial collagenase is considered investigational

    for all other indications including, but not limited to, Peyronie

    disease and adhesive capsulitis.

    Note: Product name: Xiaflex (collagenase clostridium histolyticum)

    Coding

    Code Description

    CPT 20527 Injection, enzyme (eg, collagenase), palmar fascial cord (ie, Dupuytrens contracture)

    26341 Manipulation, palmar fascial cord (ie, Dupuytrens cord), post enzyme injection (eg,

    collagenase), single cord

    54200 Injection procedure for Peyronie disease

    HCPCS

    J0775 Injection, collagenase clostridium histolyticum, 0.01 mg

    Note: CPT codes, descriptions and materials are copyrighted by the American Medical Association (AMA). HCPCS

    codes, descriptions and materials are copyrighted by Centers for Medicare Services (CMS).

  • Page | 3 of 13

    Related Information

    Benefit Application

    Some plans may require prior authorization before injection of collagenase clostridium

    histolyticum. For questions about benefit information, providers should contact customer service

    using the telephone number on the back of the members identification card.

    Evidence Review

    Description

    Clostridial collagenase is a bacterial collagenase, derived from Clostridium histolyticum, which

    has been evaluated for the treatment of fibroproliferative disorders such as Dupuytren

    contracture, Peyronie disease, and adhesive capsulitis.

    Background

    Fibroproliferative Disorders

    Fibrotic tissue disorders, characterized by excessive collagen deposits, can affect the

    musculoskeletal system, causing pain and limiting movement and reducing joint range of

    motion. Examples of fibroproliferative disorders include Dupuytren disease, Peyronie disease,

    and adhesive capsulitis. The mechanisms that contribute to the pathology are poorly

    understood.

    Dupuytren Disease

    In Dupuytren disease, collagen deposits in nodules and cords in the palm and fingers and results

    in pitting of the overlying cutis and flexion contractures. The mechanisms that contribute to the

    pathology are poorly understood. The prevalence of Dupuytren disease is estimated at 3% to

  • Page | 4 of 13

    6% in the general population and increases with advancing age. The disease is more common in

    people with diabetes or thyroid disease and among men.1 The standard of care for Dupuytren

    disease is surgery, most commonly open fasciectomy. Other surgical procedures are

    percutaneous fasciotomy and needle fasciotomy. Surgery is recommended in patients with

    functional impairment and metacarpophalangeal joint contractures of 30 or more. There is no

    effective pharmacotherapy.

    Peyronie Disease

    Peyronie disease is the development of abnormal scar tissue, or plaques, in the tunica albuginea

    layer of the penis causing distortion, curvature, and pain (usually during erection). It occurs in

    3% to 9% of men, most commonly between the ages of 45 and 60 years. In some cases, plaque

    does not cause severe pain or curvature, and the condition resolves on its own. In severe cases,

    erectile dysfunction can occur. The goal of treatment is to reduce pain and maintain sexual

    function. Treatments in early stages (before calcification) include vitamin E or para-

    aminobenzoate tablets (eg, Potaba), although studies of oral therapies have demonstrated

    inconsistent benefit. Intralesional injection therapy consisting of injection of interferon--2b or

    calcium channel-blockers (eg, verapamil) is the current standard of therapy.2 Surgical procedures

    involve the excision of hardened tissue and skin graft, the removal or pinching (plication) of

    tissue opposite the plaque to reduce curvature (the Nesbit procedure), penile implant, or a

    combination of these.

    Adhesive Capsulitis

    Adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder is treated with physical therapy and mobilization in

    combination with analgesics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Corticosteroid injection is

    used with caution. The prevalence of adhesive capsulitis is estimated at 2% to 3% in the general

    population and increases with advancing age; additionally, adhesive capsulitis is more common

    in people with diabetes or thyroid disease and among women.1

    Treatment

    Injection with clostridial collagenase is intended to provide a nonoperative treatment option for

    fibroproliferative disorders. Clostridial collagenase histolyticum is an enzyme produced by the

    bacterium Clostridium histolyticum, which has the physiologic effect of breaking down collagen.

  • Page | 5 of 13

    It has been developed and marketed pharmacologically as a treatment for disorders associated

    with collagen overdevelopment.

    Summary of Evidence

    For individuals who have Dupuytren contracture who receive local clostridial collagenase

    injection(s), the evidence includes several placebo-controlled, randomized trials, nonrandomized

    comparative studies, and single-arm studies along with systematic reviews of these studies.

    Relevant outcomes are symptoms, change in disease status, functional outcomes, and quality of

    life. The evidence from clinical trials has suggested that injectable clostridial collagenase

    provides short-term release of contracture. A comparison of overall outcomes compared with

    surgical intervention may be useful; however, randomized studies with direct comparisons are

    not available. Some nonrandomized studies comparing clostridial collagenase with surgery

    reported similar outcomes with faster return-to-work and return-to-usual activities rates with

    clostridial collagenase, but 1 study reported poorer contraction improvement though lower

    adverse event rates. Evidence on long-term recurrence rates is somewhat limited, but 3- and 5-

    year follow-ups from 1 large registry reported high recurrence rates (47% at 5 years). Although

    clostridial collagenase offers the potential benefit of less-invasive treatment for Dupuytren

    contracture, gaps in the evidence base related to treatment durability exist. The evidence is

    insufficient to determine the effects of the technology on health outcomes.

    For individuals who have Peyronie disease who receive local clostridial collagenase injection(s),

    the evidence includes two randomized trials and several noncomparative studies. Relevant

    outcomes are symptoms, change in disease status, functional outcomes, and quality of life. The

    available double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trials have demonstrated short-term

    improvement in penile curvature and self-reported distress from symptoms related to Peyronie

    disease. However, evidence demonstrating health outcome improvements is lacking. In addition,

    studies comparing clostridial collagenase with other therapies for Peyronie disease are lacking.

    The evidence is insufficient to determine the effects of the technology on health outcomes.

    For individuals who have adhesive capsulitis who receive local clostridial collagenase injection(s),

    the evidence is very limited. Relevant outcomes are symptoms, change in disease status,

    functional outcomes, and quality of life. No published literature that addressed the treatment of

    adhesive capsulitis with clostridial collagenase was identified. The evidence is insufficient to

    determine the effects of the technology on health outcomes.

  • Page | 6 of 13

    Ongoing and Unpublished Clinical Trials

    Some currently unpublished trials that might influence this policy are listed in Table 1.

    Table 1. Summary of Key Trials

    NCT No. Trial Name Planned

    Enrollment

    Completion

    Date

    Ongoing

    NCT02301078 Comparing Short-term Function and Pain After Treatment

    With Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum or

    Percutaneous Needle Aponeurotomy for Dupuytrens

    Disease

    60 Nov 2017

    (ongoing)

    NCT02725528 A Multi-Center, Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing

    The Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of

    Collagenase Injection (Xiaflex) and Palmar Fasciectomy in

    the Management of Dupuytrens Disease

    128 Nov 2018

    NCT03000114 Comparison of Collagenase Injection and Percutaneous

    Needle Aponeurotomy for Treatment of Dupuytrens

    Disease

    334 Jan 2021

    ISRCTN18254597 Dupuytren's interventions surgery vs collagenase 710 Oct 2021

    Unpublished

    NCT02193828a

    A Phase 2a, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-

    Controlled, Dose-Ranging Study to Evaluate the Safety and

    Effectiveness of AA4500 in the Treatment of Dupuytren's

    Disease Nodules

    76 Mar 2014

    (completed)

    NCT02006719a A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of

    the Safety and Efficacy of AA4500 for the Treatment of

    Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder

    322 Dec 2014

    (completed)

    NCT01538017 Comparing Injectable Collagenase (CI) and Percutaneous

    Needle Fasciotomy (PNF) for Dupuytren's Contracture (DC)

    Affecting Proximal Interphalangeal Joints (PIP). A

    Randomised Controlled Trial

    50 Nov 2015

    (completed)

    NCT02267460a

    A Phase 3b, Open-label Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety

    and Effectiveness of up to Four Treatment Cycles of

    AA4500 in Combination With the ErecAid Esteem

    Manual Vacuum Therapy System in Men With Peyronie's

    Disease

    30 Mar 2016

    (completed)

    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02301078?term=NCT02301078&rank=1https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02725528?term=NCT02725528&rank=1https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03000114?term=NCT03000114&rank=1http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN18254597https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02193828?term=NCT02193828&rank=1https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02006719?term=NCT02006719&rank=1https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01538017?term=NCT01538017&rank=1https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02267460?term=NCT02267460&rank=1

  • Page | 7 of 13

    ISRCTN: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number;

    NCT: national clinical trial a Denotes industry-sponsored or cosponsored trial

    Clinical Input Received from Physician Specialty Societies and Academic

    Medical Centers

    While the various physician specialty societies and academic medical centers may provide

    appropriate reviewers who collaborate with and make recommendations during this process,

    input received does not represent an endorsement or position statement by the physician

    specialty societies or academic medical centers, unless otherwise noted.

    2011 Input

    In response to requests, input was received from 2 physician specialty societies (2 reviews) and 5

    academic medical centers (6 reviews) while this policy was under review in 2011. Two reviewers

    indicated injectable clostridium collagenase is investigational for the treatment of Dupuytren

    contracture, noting lack of long-term data and head-to-head trials comparing collagenase with

    surgical options. However, despite considering this treatment investigational due to insufficient

    long-term evidence of effectiveness, one reviewer noted that injectable clostridial collagenase

    for Dupuytren contracture is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and there is

    evidence of short-to-medium-term effectiveness available. Five reviewers indicated injectable

    clostridial collagenase for Dupuytren contracture may be considered medically necessary. These

    reviewers noted this is a treatment alternative to surgery. This was considered to be near-

    uniform support for the medical necessity of injectable clostridial collagenase for the treatment

    of Dupuytren contracture.

    Four reviewers agreed that injectable clostridium collagenase is investigational for the treatment

    of Peyronie disease. One of these reviewers also commented that, while this treatment is

    considered investigational, it may be indicated for Peyronie disease when it is bothersome,

    noting that surgery is intrusive. Four reviewers also agreed injectable clostridium collagenase is

    investigational for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Finally, 6 reviewers agreed injectable

    clostridium collagenase is investigational for all other indications.

  • Page | 8 of 13

    2010 Input

    In response to requests, input was received from 6 academic medical centers while this policy

    was under review in 2010. The input was mixed, with half of those providing input agreeing that

    use of this agent is investigational. While there was support for use in Dupuytren contracture,

    comments were made about the limited amount of data on long-term outcomes and durability.

    Practice Guidelines and Position Statements

    Dupuytren Contracture

    National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

    In 2017, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommended the use of

    collagenase Clostridium histolyticum to treat adults with Dupuytren contracture in cases of

    moderate disease where percutaneous needle fasciotomy is not an option.40 The Institute

    advised that the decision to use collagenase clostridium rather than limited fasciectomy should

    be made only after thorough discussion between the patient and caregiver; the Institute further

    defined appropriate outpatient treatment as consisting of a single injection at a time, and

    administered by a qualified hand surgeon.

    American Urological Association

    In 2015, the American Urological Association (AUA) issued a guideline for the diagnosis and

    treatment of Peyronie disease.42 For patients with stable Peyronie disease, penile curvature

    greater than 30 and less than 90, and intact erectile function (with or without the use of

    medications), AUA recommends intralesional collagenase clostridium histolyticum in

    combination with modeling (Moderate recommendation; Evidence Strength Grade B).

    European Association of Urology

    The 2012 European Association of Urology guidelines on penile curvature indicate injectable

    collagenase is a treatment option for Peyronie disease based on evidence rated as Level 2b

    (Evidence obtained from at least one other type of well-designed quasi-experimental study)

    and Grade C (Made despite the absence of directly applicable clinical studies of good

    quality).43

  • Page | 9 of 13

    Adhesive Capsulitis

    National Institute for Health Research

    In 2012, the National Institute for Health Research published a health technology assessment

    (HTA) on the management of adhesive capsulitis.44 In this assessment, collagenase injections

    were not included in the treatments considered for adhesive capsulitis.

    Medicare National Coverage

    There is no national coverage determination (NCD). In the absence of an NCD, coverage

    decisions are left to the discretion of local Medicare carriers.

    Regulatory Status

    Table 2 lists indications for clostridial collagenase (Xiaflex; Auxilium Pharmaceuticals

    [Norristown, PA]) that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

    Table 2. FDA-Approval History For Clostridial Collagenase (Xiaflex)3

    Indication Approved Initial Indication Additional Information

    Dupuytren

    contracture

    2010 Treatment of adult patients with

    Dupuytren contracture with a

    palpable cord

    Up to 3 injections at 4-week

    intervals may be given into a

    palpable Dupuytren cord with a

    contracture of a

    metacarpophalangeal joint or a

    proximal interphalangeal joint

    Approval accompanied by REMS. The

    manufacturer must:

    o Evaluate and mitigate risks and serious

    adverse events

    o Instruct health care providers on

    procedure to inject Xiaflex and perform

    finger extension procedures

    o Inform patients of potential risks of

    treatment

    In 2014, indication expanded: up to 2

    joints in the same hand may be treated

    during a treatment visit

    Peyronie

    disease

    2013 Treatment of men with a

    palpable penile plaque and

    penile curvature more than 30

    degrees

    Treatment course consists of a

    maximum of 4 cycles, each of

    Approval accompanied by black box

    warning of corporal rupture

    Only available through a restricted

    program, Xiaflex REMS, due to risk of

    corporal rupture. REMS requirements:

    o Prescribers must enroll and complete

  • Page | 10 of 13

    Indication Approved Initial Indication Additional Information

    which consists of 2 Xiaflex

    injection procedures

    training in the administration of Xiaflex

    for the treatment of Peyronie disease

    o Health care sites must be certified with

    the program and ensure that only

    certified prescribers administer Xiaflex

    Adapted from Food and Drug Administration (2017).3

    FDA: Food and Drug Administration; REMS: Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy

    References

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    2. Hellstrom WJ. Medical management of Peyronie's disease. J Androl. Jul-Aug 2009;30(4):397-405. PMID 18974422

    3. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Xiaflex: Label. 2017; Available at:

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    Hand (N Y). Dec 2013;8(4):410-416. PMID 24426958

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    27. McMahon HA, Bachoura A, Jacoby SM, et al. Examining the efficacy and maintenance of contracture correction after

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    28. Sood A, Therattil PJ, Paik AM, et al. Treatment of dupuytren disease with injectable collagenase in a veteran population: a case

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    34. Gelbard M, Goldstein I, Hellstrom WJ, et al. Clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of collagenase clostridium histolyticum for

    the treatment of Peyronie disease in 2 large double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled phase 3 studies. J Urol. Jul

    2013;190(1):199-207. PMID 23376148

    35. Lipshultz LI, Goldstein I, Seftel AD, et al. Clinical efficacy of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum in the treatment of Peyronie's

    disease by subgroup: results from two large, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III studies. BJU Int. Oct

    2015;116(4):650-656. PMID 25711400

    36. Hellstrom WJ, Feldman R, Rosen RC, et al. Bother and distress associated with Peyronie's disease: validation of the Peyronie's

    disease questionnaire. J Urol. Aug 2013;190(2):627-634. PMID 23376705

    37. Coyne KS, Currie BM, Thompson CL, et al. Responsiveness of the Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ). J Sex Med. Apr

    2015;12(4):1072-1079. PMID 25664497

    38. Jordan GH. The use of intralesional clostridial collagenase injection therapy for Peyronie's disease: a prospective, single-center,

    non-placebo-controlled study. J Sex Med. Jan 2008;5(1):180-187. PMID 18173766

    39. Levine LA, Cuzin B, Mark S, et al. Clinical safety and effectiveness of collagenase clostridium histolyticum injection in patients

    with Peyronie's disease: a phase 3 open-label study. J Sex Med. Jan 2015;12(1):248-258. PMID 25388099

    40. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Collagenase clostridium histolyticum for treating Dupuytrens

    contracture: Technology appraisal guidance [TA459]. 2017; Available at:

    https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/TA459/chapter/1-Recommendations Accessed January 2018.

    41. Ralph D, Gonzalez-Cadavid N, Mirone V, et al. The management of Peyronie's disease: evidence-based 2010 guidelines. J Sex

    Med. Jul 2010;7(7):2359-2374. PMID 20497306

    42. American Urological Association (AUA). Peyronie's Disease: AUA Guideline. 2015;

    http://www.auanet.org/guidelines/peyronies-disease-(2015) Accessed January 2018.

    43. Hatzimouratidis K, Eardley I, Giuliano F, et al. EAU guidelines on penile curvatures. Eur Urol. Sep 2012;62(3):543-552. PMID

    22658761

    44. Maund E, Craig D, Suekarran S, et al. Management of frozen shoulder: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis.

    Health Technol Assess. Mar 2012;16(11):1-264. PMID 22405512

    History

    Date Comments 11/11/13 New Policy. Policy replaces 5.01.524. Considered medically necessary to treat

    Dupuytrens contracture in adult patients when criteria are met.

    12/17/14 Annual Review. Policy updated with literature review through September 5, 2014.

    References 3, 5, 10, 13-14, 17-22, 27 added; others renumbered/removed. Rationale

    section reorganized. Policy statements unchanged. ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnosis and

    procedure codes removed; these do not relate to policy adjudication.

    12/08/15 Annual Review. Policy updated with literature review through September 10, 2015;

    references 16, 19-21, 28, 33, 35, and 37-38 added. Policy statements unchanged.

    https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/TA459/chapter/1-Recommendationshttp://www.auanet.org/guidelines/peyronies-disease-(2015)

  • Page | 13 of 13

    Date Comments 12/01/16 Annual Review, approved November 8, 2016. Policy updated with literature review

    through August 2016; references added. Policy statements unchanged.

    12/01/17 Annual Review, approved November 9, 2017. Policy updated with literature review

    through October 2017. Reference added. Policy statements unchanged.

    02/01/18 Annual Review, approved January 30, 2018. Policy updated with literature review

    through November, 2017; reference 40 added. Policy statements unchanged.

    Disclaimer: This medical policy is a guide in evaluating the medical necessity of a particular service or treatment. The

    Company adopts policies after careful review of published peer-reviewed scientific literature, national guidelines and

    local standards of practice. Since medical technology is constantly changing, the Company reserves the right to review

    and update policies as appropriate. Member contracts differ in their benefits. Always consult the member benefit

    booklet or contact a member service representative to determine coverage for a specific medical service or supply.

    CPT codes, descriptions and materials are copyrighted by the American Medical Association (AMA). 2018 Premera

    All Rights Reserved.

    Scope: Medical policies are systematically developed guidelines that serve as a resource for Company staff when

    determining coverage for specific medical procedures, drugs or devices. Coverage for medical services is subject to

    the limits and conditions of the member benefit plan. Members and their providers should consult the member

    benefit booklet or contact a customer service representative to determine whether there are any benefit limitations

    applicable to this service or supply. This medical policy does not apply to Medicare Advantage.

  • 037338 (07-2016)

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    Premera Blue Cross

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    :(Farsi) .

    . Premera Blue Cross .

    . .

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