500 b.c.

1609 b.c.

c.1610 b.c.

1898 a.d.

c. 1960 a.d.

“Will man ever go to Mars?

I am sure he will, but it will be a century or more before he’s ready...”

–Dr. Wernher, 1954

“Will man ever go to Mars?

I am sure he will, but it will be a century or more before he’s ready. In that time scientists and engineers will learn more about the physical and mental rigors of interplanetary flightand about the unknown dangers of life on another planet. Some of that information may become available within the next 25 years or so, through the erection of a space station above the Earth... and through the subsequent exploration of the Moon.”

–Dr. Wernher, 1954

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28 years,1982

9 billion

per year for 5 years

20242033

Voyager Mars Program

1966

Voyager Mars Program

1966

ars Program

966

Mariner 8 Mariner 9 Titan III- E/Centaur

Viking 1 Orbitor

FIRST EVER COLORFUL IMAGE OF MARS

Viking 1 Lander

Viking 1 Orbitor

FIRST EVER COLORFUL IMAGE OF MARS

Viking 1 LanderViking 1 Orbitor

FIRST EVER COLORFUL IMAGE OF MARS

Viking 1 Lander

COPY & MODIFY

Do you own a build-to-order car?

Probably not.

28-42 days 21 to 42 days 42-70 days

Custom Orders

Common = IdenticalCommon = Sharing Features

Decrease DDT&E Phase Cost

Decrease Crew Training Cost

Decrease Crew Training Time

Increase Crew Adaptability

CASE STUDY:

NASA MSFC ACO

CASE STUDY:

NASA MSFC ACO

COMMON HAB GENERAL DISTRIBUTION

ADJACENCY OF FUNCTIONS

HUMAN ANTHROPOMETRICS

BIOPHILIA

Commonality Refinement inCase-Study Habitat Areas

DESIGN CRITERIA

Crew Quarters | Case-Study Refinement

Crew Quarters Sub-Functions &

Design Considerations

PGMG

12

1 2

3.5ft

3.5ft

Case-Study Refinement: Galley, Wardroom, Work Areas

PG MG