5 Years of the BEATS Study:

Past, Present and Future

Associate Professor Sandy Mandic

BEATS Study, Principal Investigator

Active Living Laboratory

University of Otago

Email: sandra.mandic@otago.ac.nz

BEATS Study Symposium | 16 November 2018

www.otago.ac.nz/active-living

Teamwork | Curiosity | Creativity | Excellence

Areas of research

• Physical Activity

• Public Health

• Transport

• Built Environment

• Sustainability

BEATS Research Team 2017-2018 Collaborators

A/Prof Sandra

Mandic

(Otago)

Dr Christina

Ergler

(Otago)

Dr Debbie

Hopkins

(Oxford)

A/Prof Antoni

Moore

(Otago)

Dr Susan

Sandretto

(Otago)

A/Prof Melody

Oliver

(Auckland)

Prof John

Spence

(Alberta)

Dr Enrique

García

(Limerick)

A/Prof Palma

Chillón

(Granada)

Dr Kirsten

Coppell

(Otago)

Dr Anna

Rolleston

(Auckland)

Mrs

Charlotte

Flaherty

Mr Gordon

Wilson

(DSSP)

Advisory Board

A/Prof Janet

Stephenson

(Otago)

A/Prof

Michael Keall

(Otago)

…

Mr Nick

Sargent

(DCC)

Mr Graeme

Rice

(NZTA)

Mr Gavin

Kidd

(DSSP)

Mr Frank

Edwards

(Māori)

Mrs Finau

Taungapeau

(Pacific)

Ministry of Transport. (2015). 25 years of New Zealand travel: New Zealand household

travel 1989–2014. Wellington: Ministry of Transport.

1989/1990 2010-2014

2.5 million

vehicles

3.4 million

vehicles

72% car travel 78% car travel

755 deaths 294 deaths

Travel to school:

21% driven

Travel to school:

32% driven

1h/day travel

(28 min driving)

(10 min walking)

1h/day travel

(32 min driving)

(8 min walking)

Transport to School in NZ: 1989-2014

Ministry of Transport. (2015). 25 years of New Zealand travel: New Zealand household

travel 1989–2014. Wellington: Ministry of Transport. (page 30)

1989/1990

2010-2014

Travel to school:

21% driven

26% walking

19% cycling

Travel to school:

32% driven

27% walking

3% cycling

Physical Activity in Children and

Adolescents

National Survey of Children and Young People Physical Activity

and Dietary Behaviour in NZ. 2007/08

Age (years)

Meeting P

A g

uid

elin

es

(%)

37%26%

24%13%

Olds T et al. J Phys Act Health. 2011;8:58-557

Active

transport

Organized

sport

Chores /

MiscellaneousUnstructured

play

Moderate-to-vigorous PA in

10- to 13-year old children

Travel

behaviour

Preferences

Constraints

Cost

Personal factors

Environmental

factors

Family factors

Destination

characteristics

Enjoyment

Health

Environment

Discomfort

Safe routes

Factors related to

transport in generalFactors specific to

active transport

Adapted from Mandic S et al. Journal of Transport and Health. 2017; 4:294-304

Built Environment and Transport

Behaviour

www.designedtomove.org

Built Environment and Transportation

• Walkable community design

– Density

– Connected streets

– Mixed land uses

– Access to transit

• Pedestrian & bicycle facilities

– Access; Connectivity

– Design; Quality; Safety

• Perceived environment:

accessibility and convenience

Sallis SF et al. Circulation. 2012;125:729-737

Different urban layouts and social norms

(e.g. private vehicle ownership) compared to NZ

Kerr (2006)

McDonald (2008)

Babey (2009)

Larsen (2009)

Pabayo (2011)Cooper (2006)

Bringolf-Isler (2008)

Nelson (2008)

Chillon-Garzon (2009)

Panter (2010)

Van Dyck (2010)

Timperio (2006)

Leslie (2010)

Duncan (2008)

Utter (2011)

BEANZ

• Investigates:

– transport to school habits,

– the neighbourhood environment and

– physical activity habits

in Otago adolescents. www.otago.ac.nz/beats

Mandic S et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196

BEATS Research Programme at Otago

BEATS Research Programme Framework:Ecological Model for Active Transport

Individual

Social/Cultural

Environment

Built

Environment

Policy

Environment

Sociodemographics

Behaviour

Motivations/barriers

Social support

Social norms

Walkable community

design

Pedestrian & bicycle

facilities

School policy for ATS

School’s road safety

procedures

Adapted from Sallis JF et al.

Circulation. 2012;125:729-737

Mandic S et al. BMJ Open.

2016; 6:e011196

Research Methodology

Survey Maps; GIS Analysis Physical

Activity

Focus groups

Adolescents & Parents

Adolescents

Anthropometry

School bag weight

Adolescents, Parents, Teachers

Interviews

School

Principals

Mandic S et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196

BEATS Research Programme Framework:

Ecological Model for Active Transport

Adapted from

Sallis JF et al.

Circulation.

2012;125:729-

737

Individual

Social/Cultural

Environment

Built Environment

Policy Environment

Mandic S et al.

BMJ Open.

2016;

6:e011196

Exercise

ScienceHealth Built

EnvironmentEducationTransportation

Multidisciplinary

research

Service to government

Service to community

Service to schools

Consultation

Access to schools

Support

Funding (partial)

School

recruitment

Schools

Students

Parents

Teachers

Lab space

Assistance

Funding

Facilities

Feedback

Dunedin Secondary

Schools’ Partnership

University of Otago (Dunedin, New Zealand)

Dunedin Secondary Schools’ Partnership

Dunedin City Council

University of Alberta (Canada)

McGill University (Canada)

Transport safety

Cycle skills training

School choice

report

Rewards

Individual school

reports

Mandic S et al. Retos, 2015:28;197-202.

Mandic S et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196

BEATS Study(2014-2017)

2013 2014

Grant writing

Establishing collaborations

School recruitment

Expanding collaborations

Vision; design

Developing study materials and planning

2015 2017

Pilot

studyBEATS Student Survey

Focus Groups & Interviews

GIS Analysis

Reports and publicationsMandic S et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196

Mandic S et al. Retos, 2015:28;197-202.

2016

Refining

BEATS Parental Survey

n=1,780

18 FG + 12 Interviews

n=365

BEATS Study: Dunedin (2013-2017)

* * * * * ** * * * ** * * *

BEATS Research Programme (2014-2018)

Dunedin City (2014-2017)

12 Secondary schools

(100% school recruitment rate) 11 Secondary schools

(73% school recruitment rate)

Dunedin

Otago Region(2018-2019)

BEATS Study BEATS Rural Study

BEATS Research Programme (2013-2022)

URBAN RURAL

BEATS Study

(2014-2017)

(Dunedin)

BEATS Rural

Study

(2018-2019)

(Rural Otago)

BEATS Natural

Experiment

(2019-2022)

(Dunedin)

11 Schools

1014 Adolescents

75+ Parents

2 Principals

12 Schools

1780 Adolescents

355 Parents

14 Teachers

12 Principals

Urban versus rural

BEATS Cultural

Study (2018-2019)

Exercise

SciencePublic

HealthTransport

Built

EnvironmentEducation

Partnerships: City Council CommunityAcademia Schools

Disciplines &

impact areas:

Significance

Understanding influences

of multiple factors will

enable the scientific

community, policy

makers, regional

planners, and health

promoters to address

barriers to ATS

Generating important

information for key

stakeholders for planning

future school-,

neighbourhood- and

city/town-wide built

environment changes to

encourage ATS

If effective, population level

initiatives aimed to ↑ physical

activity across all groups such

as pedestrian and/or cycling

infrastructure construction/

improvements will contribute

to improving health and

wellbeing of communities

Involvement of the key

stakeholders will facilitate

the generation of usable

data, relevant to the local

context and generalisable

to other areas, and the

incorporation of new

knowledge into policy and

future initiatives

Spin Off

Projects

Evaluations of

Cycle Skills

Training

(2015-2017)

Cycle Skills

Training Content

and Delivery

(2018-2019)

BEATS Study

Symposia

2014 | 2016 | 2018

2nd 2019

1st 2017

(2019)

Exercise

science

Expert

ise

Geographic

information

science

(GIS)

Children

and health

geographies

Behavioural

medicine;

Research methods

Māori

health

Geographies

of transport

and

mobilities

Education

Public health;

Community

interventions

Sandy

Mandic

Antoni

Moore

Christina

Ergler

Enrique

García John

Spence

Anna

Rolleston

Debbie

Hopkins

Susan

Sandretto

Kirsten

Coppell

Michael

Keall

Biostatistics

Physical activity

and health

BEATS Team 2018: Multidisciplinary Expertise

Advisory Board

Members:

Gavin Kidd,

Gordon Wilson

(Dunedin

Secondary Schools’

Partnership)

Nick Sargent

(Dunedin City

Council)

Greame Rice

(NZ Transport

Agency)

Janet Stephenson

(Centre for

Sustainability)

Frank Edwards

(Māori) and Finau

Taungapeau

(Pacific) community

representatives

Physical

activity

and health

promotion

Exercise science

Overseeing project implementation

Leading research team

Role

s a

nd

responsib

ilities

Expert

ise

Leading preparation of

research outputs

Geographic

information

science (GIS)

GIS analysis

and mapping

Coordinating survey data collection

Leading accelerometer data

analysis and environmental audits

Children

and health

geographies

Focus groups

design, facilitation

and analysis

Contributing to

GIS mappingPhysical activity

and health

promotion

Advising on mixed methods

research design and data analysis

Advising on community-based

participatory research processes

Behavioural

medicine;

Research methods

Advising on research

methodology and application

of the ecological model

Contributing to quantitative

data analysis

Contributing to quantitative

data analysis

Māori

health

Incorporating the values of

Vision Mātauranga

Liaising with relevant Māori

stakeholders

Analysis and dissemination

of Māori-related findings

Geographies

of transport

and

mobilities

Designing transport-

related survey questions

Contributing to qualitative

research design and

analysis

Education

Advising on recruitment

Contributing to

qualitative research

design and analysis

Public health;

Community

interventions

Sandy

Mandic

Antoni

Moore

Christina

Ergler

Enrique

García John

Spence

Anna

Rolleston

Debbie

Hopkins

Susan

Sandretto

Kirsten

Coppell

Michael

Keall

Designing the dietary

patterns survey questions

Analysing data related to

food outlets

access/availability

Biostatistics

Advising on aspects of

research design

Performing statistical

analyses

Physical activity

and health

BEATS Research Programme:

Developing Research Capacity

PhD Students, recent PhD graduates and

post-doctoral fellows Master’s students

Honours students Summer research students

Dr Jillian

Frater

(Canterbury)

Chiew

Ching Kek

Dr Judith

Rodda

(Otago)

Dr Debbie

Hopkins

(Otago/Oxford)

Tessa

Pocock

Dr Christina

Ergler

(Otago)Logan Copland

Olivia Eyles

Isobelle Lane

Tessa Pocock

Chiew Ching Kek

Siobhan McArthur

Dana Lawrie

Alex Mintoft-Jones

Ashley Mounfort

Long Chen

(PhD

student)

Leiana Sloane

Lauren Keaney

Jessica

Calverley

Brittany

White

Chris

Tait

Internship students

Roman Keller (ETH Zurich)

Michael Jensen (Uni. of Alberta)

Tessa Porskamp (Maastricht Uni.)

20+ Volunteers

15+ Research assistants

Research Assistants and a Volunteer 2018

Kimberley

King

Angela

Findlay

Charlotte

Flaherty

Ann-Maree

FoxAprille

Mincher

Fanny

Monnett

BEATS Research Programme (2014-2018)

Dunedin City (2014-2017)

12 Secondary schools

(100% school recruitment rate) 11 Secondary schools

(73% school recruitment rate)

Dunedin

Otago Region(2018-2019)

BEATS Study BEATS Rural Study

Otago Secondary Schools Supporting BEATS (23 out of 27 schools; 85%)

Dunedin (2014/15)

(12 out of 12 school)

Rural Otago (2018)

(11 out of 15 school)

Total sample (n=2,656)

http://www.lphs.school.nz/http://www.columbacollege.school.nz/index.htmhttp://www.obhs.school.nz/index.phphttp://www.tokohigh.school.nz/

Comprehensive Dissemination of

Research Findings

Last updated: November 2018

Journal

articlesConference

abstractsTechnical

ReportsSymposiaPresentations

BEATS Research Programme Outputs to Date

24 Published

(3 progress

reports)

2 Keynotes

1 Invited

21 Academic

19 Non-academic

3 Local(2014/2016/2018)

2 International

(2017/2019)

14 Published

2 in review

10 in preparation

1 Book chapter

18 International

15 National

31 Local

Weight Status of Dunedin Adolescents

Underweight3.2%

Healthy weight69.6%

Overweight20.5%

Obese6.8%

Source: BEATS Student Survey 2014/2015

n=1,300 (measured heights and weights)Mandic et al. Am J Health Behav.

2017;41(3):266-275

http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://trainingonempty.blogspot.com/2012_12_01_archive.html&ei=CGF_VKzEB-LamAXGk4KgBA&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGY&psig=AFQjCNFT54CitkoE-8W5iSqKwgwMYZ_-mg&ust=1417720354984308

Health Behaviours in Dunedin Adolescents

Guidelines: ≥60 min per day

Average: 4.2 ± 2.1 days/week

17.9% meeting guidelines

Guidelines: ≤2 hrs per day

Average: 5.4 ± 2.9 hours/day

14.2% meeting guidelines

Guidelines: More than

once a day for both fruit

and vegetables

29.8% met guidelines

Physical Activity

Screen Time

Fruit and Vegetable

Intake

Source: BEATS Student Survey 2014/2015

n=1,300 (self-reported data)

Less than 1/3 of adolescents met individual guidelines

Mandic et al. Am J Health Behav.

2017;41(3):266-275

http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://cesnightmare.com/category/writer/&ei=GFB_VKfsHs_M8gWC_oCQCw&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNFD0vjDy-kvVBVDylfqPzZTzMy1DA&ust=1417716053819527http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://sophyta.blogspot.com/2014_01_01_archive.html&ei=ZVB_VNG3FNPW8gXFuoKAAg&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNHlVfLySpdN7CMKxm-PvTAii0vMvw&ust=1417716163529534http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://sites.psu.edu/drobitsleap/2014/07/&ei=yFB_VKGZN8HU8gWKloDYAg&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNHKgdzM3W89OfEtmKoAedTsck90Kw&ust=1417716264758424http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.autoorb.com/fruit-vegetable-clipart/mothergoose.com*Clipart*fruitsVeggies*onion.jpg/&ei=Ll5_VMvTCYSa8QWsw4GQCg&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNETtt6olABVxC46fYRi-eJt_nBAAw&ust=1417719632775412http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.foodclipart.com/food_clipart_images/fresh_tomato_0515-1006-2505-3702.html&ei=-V5_VMGYLIf88AX6kYHACQ&psig=AFQjCNERaBqQHcbs34k5cPZMiWZPi7mvTg&ust=1417719898347477http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://bookloverslane.com/tag/harlequin/&ei=7GF_VOGEGqSxmwWNgoGQAg&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGY&psig=AFQjCNHRpCv39y0il5XVbWUXiQ3Fl87YWA&ust=1417720557196052

Mandic et al.

Am J Health Behav.

2017;41(3):266-275

Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)

and Transport to School

17.9%

58.9%

23.2%

Active

Transport

Motorised +

Active

Transport

Motorised

Transport

47.9%

33.5%

46.4%

MVPA / weekday

61.2 ± 23.2MVPA / weekday

59.6 ± 21.7

MVPA / weekday

52.5 ± 19.6

No difference

in average MVPA

on weekend days

BEATS Student Survey (n=314)

n=73 n=56

n=185

Chiew Ching

Kek

Kek CC et al. (in review)

http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://cesnightmare.com/category/writer/&ei=GFB_VKfsHs_M8gWC_oCQCw&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNFD0vjDy-kvVBVDylfqPzZTzMy1DA&ust=1417716053819527http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://cesnightmare.com/category/writer/&ei=GFB_VKfsHs_M8gWC_oCQCw&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNFD0vjDy-kvVBVDylfqPzZTzMy1DA&ust=1417716053819527http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://cesnightmare.com/category/writer/&ei=GFB_VKfsHs_M8gWC_oCQCw&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNFD0vjDy-kvVBVDylfqPzZTzMy1DA&ust=1417716053819527

Adolescents’ Perspective

Mandic S et al. Journal of Transportation

and Health. 2017: 4:294-304.

BEATS Student Survey (n=764)

(adolescents living ≤4 km from school)

Perceptions of Cycling to School(From Student and Parental Focus Groups)

• Perceived safety:

– A complex range of factors including:

• Features and perceptions of the

built environment

• Traffic safety (including behaviours

of other road users)

• Previous cycling experiences

(including accidents)

• Adolescents’ cycling skills and

on-road experiences

• Implicit messages

• Social normsHopkins D and Mandic S. International Journal of

Sustainable Transportation 2017;11(5):342-356

Dr Debbie

Hopkins

(Oxford)

The Tale of Two New Zealand Cities

Dunedin(n=430)

38.4%

47.2%

1.9%

Christchurch (n=373)

16.9%

50.9%

17.7%

Living ≤4 km

from school

Age (years)15.0 ± 1.6

44.9% boys

55.1% girls

Age (years)14.3 ± 1.6

62.7% boys

37.3% girls

Frater et al. Transp Res F: Traff Psych Behav. 2017;49:205-214

Dominant

influenceAttitude Subjective

norm

Future interventions should consider interpersonal factors,

the social needs of adolescents and adolescents’ cycle skills

Dr Jillian

Frater

(Canterbury)

http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://sophyta.blogspot.com/2014_01_01_archive.html&ei=ZVB_VNG3FNPW8gXFuoKAAg&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNHlVfLySpdN7CMKxm-PvTAii0vMvw&ust=1417716163529534http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://imgarcade.com/1/walking-to-school-clipart/&ei=dnV_VK6xG4Tz8gWR1YL4Dw&psig=AFQjCNHl7p-0oReDBz_UA-yxwqMjd0uhFw&ust=1417725665243421

Enablers of Cycling to School:

Adolescents’ Perspective

Cycle-friendly

uniform

41.4% 40.1%

Safer bike storage

at schoolSlower traffic

36.4%

Bus bike racks

free of charge

26.2% 32.7%

Bike ownership Cycling without

a helmet

22.1%

n=764(non-boarders;

within ≤4km)

Mandic S et al. Journal of Transportation

and Health. 2017: 4:294-304.

http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCIvF2aKdlckCFSZepgodh1IO9Q&url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/33868/policing-technology-laser-speed-camera-2009&bvm=bv.107467506,d.dGY&psig=AFQjCNGMYqAlypAe4uHNhfkJP49ynxkT2A&ust=1447773086122627http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCO66xdedlckCFeclpgodDE8JaQ&url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/167066/bike-racks-buses-opt-out-option-cyclists&bvm=bv.107467506,d.dGY&psig=AFQjCNHmlcgtZoEKHKzO-qvG8-hzFwAwOQ&ust=1447773209324789

Cycle Skills Training:

Perceptions and Evaluation

Mandic S et al. Transport Res F Psychol Behav. 2016;42:217-226

39% of adolescentsCycle skills training

could make adolescents

safer in traffic

Mrs Charlotte

Flaherty

(DCC)

73% of parents

Interventions should capitalize on this interest

Mandic S et al. J Transp Health. 2017;6:411-419

Evaluation of Cycle Skills Training Programme in Dunedin

(2015-2017)

https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/action-urged-get-more-cycling-school

Mandic et al. J Trans Health. 2018;8:271-282

Mandic et al. J Trans Health. 2018;9:253-263

https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/action-urged-get-more-cycling-school

Enablers of Cycling to School:

Adolescents’ Perspective

Cycle-friendly

uniform

41.4% 40.1%

Safer bike storage

at schoolSlower traffic

36.4%

Bus bike racks

free of charge

26.2% 32.7%

Bike ownership Cycling without

a helmet

22.1%

n=764(non-boarders;

within ≤4km)

Mandic S et al. Journal of Transportation

and Health. 2017: 4:294-304.

http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCIvF2aKdlckCFSZepgodh1IO9Q&url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/33868/policing-technology-laser-speed-camera-2009&bvm=bv.107467506,d.dGY&psig=AFQjCNGMYqAlypAe4uHNhfkJP49ynxkT2A&ust=1447773086122627http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCO66xdedlckCFeclpgodDE8JaQ&url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/167066/bike-racks-buses-opt-out-option-cyclists&bvm=bv.107467506,d.dGY&psig=AFQjCNHmlcgtZoEKHKzO-qvG8-hzFwAwOQ&ust=1447773209324789

Cycle Helmet Legislation as a Barrier to

Cycling to School

774 Adolescents living ≥4 km from

school (BEATS Study; Dunedin) Molina-García et al. (2018) J Transp Health. 11, 64-72

Adolescents would cycle to school

more if helmet use was not mandatory

Recommendations:

Design educational

interventions to

influence adolescents’

attitudes towards the

helmet use.

• Could be offered

as a part of cycle

skills training

22%

Significant factors:

• Distance to school

• Māori and other ethnicities (vs. NZ European)

• Cycling to school is ‘not cool’

• Cycling often with friends

• Boring route to school

• Cycling as a great way to exercise (+)

https://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjZhczWh5zeAhVCM-wKHbazCo4QjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/8019_fitting-a-helmet.pdf&psig=AOvVaw04oZTnNFQK9GfbsS0fZe7F&ust=1540366695463433

Active transport users were

less likely to report heavy

school bags

School Bag Weight as a Barrier

682 Adolescents and 331 parents

BEATS Study (Dunedin) Mandic S et al. (2018) Children. 5:129

Adolescents:School bag perceived

as a barrier to active

transport to school

68% of parents

58% for walking

66% for cycling

Full bag weight:

5.6 kg (± 2.1 kg)

9.3% (± 3.9%)

of adolescents’

body weight

37.9%

Above

10%

of body

weightActual school bag weights

did not differ by mode of

transport to school.

School Choice

and Transport to School

Mandic et al. (in review)

Mr Gordon

Wilson

(DSSP)

Dr Susan

Sandretto

Comments from

students and

parents

Social

connections

Programmes

and

facilities

Co-ed

status

Positive feedback

about school:

51.9% Students

51.3% Parents

Reasons

for school

choice

50.7% Friends

enrolled

35.1% Sibling(s)

went or enrolled

27.0% Parents

attended

68.6% Preferred co-ed

25.3% Preferred

single-sex school

52.3% Facilities

46.3% Sports

programmes

33.0% Cultural

programmes

n=1,465

(boarders

excluded)

Other

7.3% Other

reasons

Proximity

36.5% Closest

school to home

Adolescents’

perspective Negative feedbackfrom people at closest

school:

8.0% Students

8.4% Parents

Mandic S et al. Journal of School

Choice. 2018;12(1):98-122

Dr Susan

Sandretto

Implications of School Choice Decisions

on Active Transport to School

Mandic et al. Journal of

Transport and Health.

2017; 6:347-357

Adolescents (n=797)

(Special character (integrated) schools and schools with zoning excluded)

(Students from 6 out of 12 Dunedin secondary schools (50%) included in the analysis)

Without school zoning,

51.3% of adolescents

enrolled in the closest school.

Distance

Importance of school

proximity to home

Co-educational school status

Peer feedback

Closest

school

Distant

school

46.5% 8.8%

School choice has implications for

education, health, transport and

environment

40.3% 68.8%

http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://imgarcade.com/1/walking-to-school-clipart/&ei=dnV_VK6xG4Tz8gWR1YL4Dw&psig=AFQjCNHl7p-0oReDBz_UA-yxwqMjd0uhFw&ust=1417725665243421

Being Driven to School:

Adolescents’ PerspectiveOlivia

Eyles

Dr Christina

Ergler

(Otago)

Positives Negatives

Eyles O et al. 2018. (Abstract) BEATS Study Symposium.

Bus to School – or Not?

Isobelle

Lane

Dr Christina

Ergler

(Otago)

Lane I et al. 2018. (Abstract) BEATS Study Symposium.

Social Capital, Active Transport and

Independent Mobility in Rural AreasTessa

Porskamp

Dr Christina

Ergler

(Otago)

Porskamp T et al. 2018. (Abstract) BEATS Study Symposium.

www.otago.ac.nz/active-living-2019

Sponsored by Transport Research Network, University of Otago

(1st Symposium was held at the University of Otago in August 2017)