5. What is Islam?. Arabia is a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.
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Transcript of 5. What is Islam?. Arabia is a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.
5. What is Islam?
Arabia is a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf
Vocabulary
Red Sea
Persian Gulf
Arabs
Polytheists
To preach (teach religious message)
Mecca
Muhammad
Allah
Hegira (622)
Koran
Faith
Shahadah (testimony of faith)
Salah (to pray, prayer)
Hajj (pilmigrage, pilgrim)
Swam (Ramadam)
Zakah (alms, charity)
Jihad (Holy War)
Five Pillars
A mosque: temple for prayingMosques are buildings for praying in public, especially on
Fridays.
Parts of the mosque
A minaret
The muezzin calls Muslims to prayer from here.
The minaret of Samarra (Irak) Spiral, helicoidal.
More minarets
Kairouan (Tunisia) Marrakeck (Morocco)
Blue mosque (Turkey)
Taj Mahal (India)
After going through the door, there is a courtyard with an ablutions
fountain
A prayer hall
This place, covered area with columns, is where the Muslims pray
Prayer hall in Cordoba
The quibla is the wall orientated towards the city of Mecca
The mirhab
Is a small niche in the quibla
where the Koran is kept.
A mimbar or pulpit is the place where the imam (the muslim priest) leads the prayers from here
Vocabulary
A minaret
An ablutions fountain
A prayer hall
A quibla
A mihrab
A mimbar
The Imam
Islaminc Art
Remember, in Islamic Art there are not many sculptures and
paintings, because the Koran did not allow the representation of Muhammad, Allah, animals or
people.
6. How did Islam evolve?
Vocabulary
Caliph
Descendants
Umayyad
Abbasid
Damascus
Baghdad
Agriculture
Craftsmanship
Trade
Merchants
Souk (Arab market)
Gunpowder
Compass (before GPS)
The expansion of IslamThe highest authority of the empire was the CALIPH. Below him, the VIZIER (Prime Ministre) and the EMIR (governor in the provinces).
The first four caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Alí) were direct descendants of Muhammad.
Until 661, the Muslims controlled the Arabian Peninsula.This year, Caliph Alí was assassinated and the Umayyad family took
political power.Schism between Sunni and Shia.
The Umayyad period661-750
During this period the title of Caliph became hereditary.
They moved the capital to Damascus (actual Syria).
They conquered more territories, from Persia to the Iberian Peninsula.
The Abbasid period750-1258
In 750, a rebelion killed all the Umayyad family. The only survivor, Abd al Rhaman I, founded an independent emirate in Cordoba.
Baghdad became a capital.
It was a wealthy economic period.
Internal fighting broke up the empire making the Ottomans (Turks) the most powerful people in the Islamic world.
Baghdad
Websites
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6WYu-pSXH8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohSapg0LBiY