5 th December 2006W3C Workshop on Mobile Web – Asoke K Talukder1/53 Information Services and...

5th December 2006 W3C Workshop on Mobile Web – Asoke K Talukder 1/53

Information Services and Access Mechanism of Mobile Web for the Under-privileged

Asoke K Talukder

W3C Workshop on the Mobile Web in Developing Countries,

December 5/6, 2006: Bangalore, India


The Author

• Asoke K Talukder– Vice President Software Engineering,

Tyfone CDI Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore– DaimlerChrysler Chair and

Associate Professor, IIIT – Bangalore

• Interests– Information System for the Under-privileged– Next Generation Networks– Artificial Hygiene


The Scenario


World Internet Usage Numbers

Source: http://www.internetworldstat.com as on 24st November 2006

World RegionsPopulation(2006 Est.)

Population% of World

Internet Usage,Latest Data

% Population(Penetration)

Usage% of World

Usage Growth

2000-2006

Africa 915,210,928 14.1 % 32,765,700 3.6 % 3.0 % 625.8 %

Asia3,667,774,06

656.4 % 394,872,213 10.8 % 36.4 % 245.5 %

Europe 807,289,020 12.4 % 308,712,903 38.2 % 28.4 % 193.7 %

Middle East 190,084,161 2.9 % 19,028,400 10.0 % 1.8 % 479.3 %

North America 331,473,276 5.1 % 229,138,706 69.1 % 21.1 % 112.0 %

Latin America/Caribbean

553,908,632 8.5 % 83,368,209 15.1 % 7.7 % 361.4 %

Oceania / Australia 33,956,977 0.5 % 18,364,772 54.1 % 1.7 % 141.0 %

WORLD TOTAL6,499,697,06

0100.0 % 1,086,250,903 16.7 % 100.0 % 200.9 %


Some Facts

• 18% of World population – people in North America, Western Europe, Australia & Countries in developed economies contribute to 60% of Internet users

• About 10% of the population in Asia use Internet • In China, mobile phone users are 430 million

against 123 million of Internet users• In India, there are 125 million mobile phones

against 60 million Internet users

Source: http://www.internetstatistics.com and http://www.gsmworld.com (October 2006)


Mobile Phone Population• 2.5 billion mobile phones• 2 billion GSM phones• 1 million subscribers are added everyday• It took 12.5 years for GSM to reach first billion• Next 1 billion was achieved in 2.5 years – out of

this 1 billion, 82% is in China, India, Africa, and South America

• Mobile phone population is expected to be 4 billions by end of 2010 – every 2 persons in 3 people will have a mobile phoneSource: http://www.gsmworld.com and http://psdblog.worldbank.org/psdblog/2006/06/more_cell_phone.html


Mobile Web Access

• Asymmetric traffic – small amount of data sent with large amount of data received

• Requires high bandwidth GPRS or UMTS/3G networks

• Requires high-end phones• One hand or Two hand Operation Phones are not

suitable (user friendly) for Mobile Web access• Best user experience is possible with UMTS and

Mobile Phones with Pen


Mobile Web (Static Content)

• Needs an Browser at the client device

• Budget phones do not support Internet browser

• TCP/IP perform badly over wireless cellular networks

• Handover (at vehicular state) with TCP/IP is still a challenge

• Roaming with TCP/IP is not universal


Charging in Mobile IP Environment

• Telecommunication operators always charged their customers (using voice service) based on volume (time and distance) – service provided by the network

• In data service – charging will be on volume (time, mega bytes), QoS, Contents, and Events; service provided by third party

• IP billing (postpaid and prepaid) is a major challenge for mobile operators. Many of them do not have it yet (other than volume)


Prepaid Phones

• 30% of the subscribers in US are prepaid

• 60% of subscribers in West Europe & Australia are prepaid

• 70% of subscribers in East Europe, Russia, New Zealand are prepaid

• In Asia, Africa, South America 75%-95% of subscribers are prepaid


Prepaid Connections

• Prepaid Subscribers– Under-privileged– Students– Teenagers– Individual subscribers (non corporate)

• Prepaid Services– Voice– SMS– MMS


The Problem


Prepaid Subscribers and Data

• Majority of under-privileged subscribers along with students, teenagers, and non-corporate mobile subscribers use prepaid connections

• Due to challenges in Realtime billing infrastructure, TCP/IP based data service is not available to prepaid customers (in general)

• Conclusion: Majority of mobile subscribers in Developing countries today use budget phones or prepaid connections, these users do not have access to generic TCP/IP data service


Data Service for Under-privileged

• Mobile Web access through SMS as data bearer (SMS-data)

• It will be short input to application and short response

• Lifestyle based transactions and Information services do not need large input or output – they are symmetric and small in size

• SMS gateway can convert the Web content into small messages even in local languages (through transcoding)


Short Message Service (SMS)

• Perceived as an entertainment tool for teenagers• SMS was originally designed for messaging between

mobile phones• Driven by ETSI Standard 03.40• Is increasingly being used as data• On September 11, 2001 following the twin tower

attack at New York City, telephone lines became inaccessible; SMS was used for communication between emergency service personnel [Reference: The President’s National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee – “Wireless Task Force Report, Wireless Priority Service”, August 2002]


SMS Advantages• True Ubiquitous media• Universal availability of SMS • Pay as you use (no license fee or entry barrier)• Stateless & Peer-to-peer• Asynchronous (store and forward)• Self-Configurable • Always ON (always connected) – best for alerts• Universal Roaming• Works at vehicular conditions (across Network

boundaries)• Resistant to many conditions that break TCP/IP data

connection (low signal strength, channel unavailability, weak & intermittent signal)


Need of SMS-data for Under-privileged


The Proposal


Standardize SMS-data so that it Interoperates, to facilitate SMS as Data Bearer for Mobile Web over

existing Infrastructure for Budget phones, Prepaid, and

Under-privileged users


SMS Usage – Healthcare

• Compliance monitoring and enforcement • Patient self-monitoring (chronic disease

management) • Appointment reminders• Health promotion, e.g., diabetic healthcare,

smoking cessation messaging • Targeted service notification, e.g., flu vaccination

season • Appointment confirmation/ cancellation/

modification


SMS Usage – Mobile Finance

• HDFC Bank: Mobile Banking with SMS, Reference: http://www.hdfcbank.com/RI/RI-EAGE-MobileBanking-withSMS.htm.

• Mobey Forum carried through an extensive evaluation on the future development of the mobile financial services business ecosystem. [Reference: http://www.mobeyforum.org/]

• San Francisco 15-Nov-2006 -- Visa USA today advanced its mobile strategy through the launch of a new pilot at its California headquarters. Following the successful completion of the industry's first large-scale U.S. mobile payment trial at Philips Arena in Atlanta earlier this year, Visa is now testing the delivery of mobile payment coupons and rewards via text message, graphic and bar code images direct to consumers' mobile devices. [Reference: http://www.mobiletechnews.com/info/2006/11/15/173005.html]


SMS-data Applications

• Telemedicine

• Reality TV shows

• Reality Radio shows

• Healthcare

• Agriculture Exchange

• Value Added Service (VAS)

• Emergency & Weather alerts


Other SMS based Applications

• Sensor Networks

• Telematics

• Remote control for vehicle

• Fleet Management

• Industrial Automation

• Notifications and Reminders

• Tickets, Boarding Pass etc


2D Barcoded Mobile Ticket over SMS

Reference: http://www.convergelabs.com


SMS as Multifactor Security Enabler

• SMS uses SS#7 signaling channel that is Physically Secured

• SS#7 & SMS media is not accessible to general public

• SMS can be used for Mutual Authentication• SMS can be used to distribute Security keys• SMS and Web can be used for Multifactor, Multi-

communication security protocol• SMS can be used for Presence, Spatial, and

Contextual security


All these Services are Network Proprietary and DO NOT

Interoperate

Network Operators are offering Mobile Web Services over SMS (only to its subscribers)

An Independent Service Provider or an Enterprise cannot offer Mobile Web Services over SMS – Unless this happens, Mobile Web usage will be

limited


SMS Point-to-Point Architecture

SMS-GMSCH

SMSCH

HLRB

MSCB

MSA

VLRA

SM MO

SMS-IWMSCH1

23

4

768 11 MSB

SM MT

Receiver’s Home Network

Serving Network

Sender’s Home Network

5 MSCA

VLRB

9 10

PLMNB

PLMNA

HLR – Home Location RegisterMS – Mobile StationMSC – Mobile Switching CenterPLMN – Public Land Mobile NetworkSMSC – SMS Center

SMS-GMSC – SMS Gateway MSCSMS-IWMSC – SMS Interworking MSCSM MO – Short Message Mobile OriginatedSM MO – Short Message Mobile TerminatedVLR – Visitor Location Register

Reference: GSM Standard 03.40


SMS Point-to-Point

• Both endpoints are mobile phones

• Interoperable

• Any mobile phone from any network roaming in any network can send SMS to any phone from any other network roaming in some other network


The Challenge


SMS-data Routing Challenges

• When a subscriber is roaming, outgoing voice calls are routed by the visiting MSC – The call can be routed from any mobile phone to any other mobile phone or fixedline phone

• When a subscriber is roaming, outgoing SMS is routed by the home SMSC – The SMS can be routed from any mobile phone to any mobile phone

• As an SMS-data service is connected to the home network, SMS-data can never be routed to non-home services – This is against the fundamental philosophy of telecommunication or data communication


SMS-data

• Does not Interoperate• One endpoint is service (running in computers or

Web), other endpoint is mobile phone• Shortcode as SMS Data Service Identifier (SDSI),

the port address where SMS gateway is connected• A mobile subscriber can access only these services

offered by the home operator• A subscriber from network “A” cannot access

services offered by “B” or any service in Web• A subscriber roaming in a foreign network still

accesses the service at home network


SMS-data Architecture

Origin/ Content/ Application Servers

SME2 SMSC MSC MS

SMPP

Not in scope of GSM Specification

Within scope of GSM Specification

Serving Network

Home Network

Data Network

SME1App1

AppN SMEN

HTTP

App2

.

.

.

..:

.

.

.

..:

SMS-IWMSC/ SMS-GMSC

Intranet

1234

10816

SDSI

Reference: GSM Standard 03.40


SMS-data Interoperability

• SM MO (Short Message Mobile Originated) is not interoperable – an SMS-data from any mobile phone from any network roaming in some other network can be routed to only these applications connected to the home SMSC and offered by the home network

• SM MT (Short Message Mobile Terminated) is interoperable – an SMS-data from any application can be routed to any mobile phone from any network roaming in any other network


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Short Code as SDSI

• Short Codes are used as SDSI (SMS Data Service Identifier)

• Shortcodes do not follow E.164 standard for numbering

• Shortcodes are Proprietary and does not have any meaning outside of home network

• In the US, shortcodes are reserved through , a centralized body [http://www.usshortcodes.com] to have unique shortcode across USA; though, there is no guarantee that this short code will be available in all networks. It is also possible to find out who owns a mobile short code in the United States [http://www.usshortcodeswhois.com]

• This is not possible in other countries


Indian Railways services through SMSOperator Circle Short Access

CodePassenger Status

Seat Availability

HUTCH Mumbai 12324 IRPNR <PNR #> IRAVB <Train #> <Date>

OASIS Rajasthan 333 PNR<PNR #>

RSK <Train #> <Date>

AIRTEL Kolkata 500 PNR <PNR #>


IDEA Andhra Pradesh 99111 PNR <PNR #>


SPICE Punjab 555 PNR <PNR #>

RAIL <Train #> <Date>

HUTCH Delhi 1234 IRPNR <PNR #> IRAVB <Train #> <Date>

IDEA Gujarat 3339 TRAIN PNR <PNR #>

RPG Chennai 456 PNR <PNR #> RSK <Train #> <Date>

Source: http://www.indianrail.gov.in/railcode.html


Park and pay with SMS in downtown Wellington (New Zealand)

• The motorist sends an SMS with the machine’s unique code to 7275 (PARK).• The machine vends a ‘pay and display’ ticket and the motorist displays the

ticket in the car as normal.• The motorist receives an SMS confirming receipt of funds from their

Vodafone account or Prepay credit

Source: http://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=2187

Service not available to non-Vodafone customers or Roaming subscribers


Pay Your Rail Parking by SMS in the UK

Source: http://www.smstextnews.com/2006/08/pay_your_rail_p.html

Service not available to visitors


Telephone Number is the Identity

In Developing Countries Mobile number is the Storefronts Source: Africa: The Impact of Mobile Phones, The Vodafone Policy Paper Series, Number 2, March 2005


Mobile Number Portability (MNP)

• Helps the economy• Increases competition• Helps the consumer• In developing countries mobile number plays the

role of a Storefront• In MNP, Subscriber carries the old number to new

operator• SMS-data accessed through shortcode will cease

to operate in MNP (same service may not be available, or use a different shortcode)


The Solution


SMS-data Routing for Mobile Web

• For Mobile Web access, we need Interoperable SMS-data that can be routed from any home SMSC to any Web service independent of the network with or without Mobile Number Portability

• Interoperable & Portable SMS-data needs to be compatible with existing protocols and infrastructure


Existing SMS-data Technologies

• SMS Gateway (SMPP – Short Message Peer-to-peer Protocol): This uses shortcodes (SDSI addresses) as port address of SMSC connection. This technology does not interoperate but scales (100s of messages/second)

• GSM Modem: This uses SMS Point-to-Point with one endpoint Mobile phone (with MSISDN as SDSI) working as a data modem and connected to an application. This technology is interoperable but does not scale (Alternate Half Duplex with Over The Air data-rate is < 300 bits/sec) with ~7 messages/minute (roundtrip)


Ubiquitous SMS Routing Service

• Ubiquitous SMS Routing Service (USRS) routes an SMS-data from any mobile phone of any network roaming in any network to any application in the Web

• It routes an SMS from any home SMSC to any Web application [Reference: Ubiquitous SMS Routing and Independent Service Creation, submitted for publication in IEEE Transaction on Vehicular

Technology]


USRS Tunneling

• Ubiquitous SMS Routing Service Tunneling routes an SMS-data from any mobile phone of any network roaming in any network to an application that is running in the private network of another mobile operator

• It tunnels the SMS-data from any home SMSC to any foreign SMSC which is then routed to the application connected to the foreign network


Universal SMS Routing Service

• Universal SMS Routing Service (USRS) routes an SMS-data from any mobile phone of any network ported to any other network roaming in any network to an application independent of Donor or Recipient network [Reference: Mobile Number Portability: Making SMS Data Services Portable, Journal of Indian Institute of

Science, pp 81-96, Mar-Apr, 2006]


USRS

• USRS Technology offers SMS-data routing algorithm that is Interoperable and Scalable

• USRS offers SMS-data routing algorithm– That is network independent– That is MNP neutral– That is independent of the end-user device– Protects the investment (uses existing infrastructure)

• USRS Routing Algorithm has been tested in an Indian GSM network in Meerut near Delhi with mobile phones across India


USRS Compatibility

• USRS Technology is backward & forward compatible

• USRS coexists with all other network elements• USRS uses MAP (GSM 09.02) protocols

– Only the USRS node need to be added in SS#7 network• Client interface on phone does not change• Client continues to work with Shortcode through

existing interfaces• Client will work with Global-title through USRS

interface • Server application continues without any change


USRS Routing Architecture

Just add the USRS server in SS#7 network within the existing GSM/GPRS network. It uses the existing MAP (GSM 09.02) standards to communicate with other network elements

Host Network with USRS

Home Network of Sender (Port-to

Network)

Foster Network

SMSCA

MSA

MSCV

VLRV

SMS-IWMSCA

Application Server in Public Data Network

Serving Network (Visiting network)

Data Networks

SMS-GMSCA

USRS

HLRA

Location Update (VMSC=USRS

Routing Info (VMSC=USRS)

Send Routing

Info

HLRB

SMSC

Other Networks

Network Proprietary Services

E.164 SDSI

Short SDSI

SME

MSC/VLR

SMSC

USRS Tunneling Algorithm

USRS AlgorithmSME


The Proposal


Requirement for SMS-data

• SMS-data should be interoperable• SMS-data from any network should be

possible to route to any application/service in the Web or private Intranet of any operator

• SMS-data routing should be Number Portability neutral

• For under-privileged, capability of Toll-Free SMS with standard numbering scheme


Recommendation for SMS-data

• USRS routing algorithm be made international standard for SMS-data routing because it is,– Network independent– MNP Neutral– Independent of end-user device– Use existing infrastructure and protocols

• Using USRS technology it is possible to implement toll-free and LoCall SMS

• Toll-free and LoCall numbering scheme for SMS-data like 888.xxxxxxxxx, where xxxxxxxxx is the service identity


Questions?

Thank youEmail:

5 th December 2006W3C Workshop on Mobile Web – Asoke K Talukder1/53 Information Services and...

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