5 Shamit_Meghalaya Loan Gender Perspective

8/11/2019 5 Shamit_Meghalaya Loan Gender Perspective

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Presentation by Shamit Chakravarti

Social Sector Economist, SAHS

ADB Gender Workshop

Manila6 August 2014

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Structure of presentation

I. Meghalayabrief socio-economic context

II. ADB Loan and piggy-back TA: Structure/Components

III. Gender and social inclusion

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MeghalayaSocio-economic Context

Land-locked and hilly state (Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia ranges)in north-east India with population of 3 million; more than70% forest cover, mineral reserves, and plentiful rain

Poor infrastructure and narrow manufacturing base; a

special category state dependence on central assistance

86% tribal population (Khasis56%, Garos34%; plussmaller tribesHajongs, Koch, Rabha etc); 90% Christian

Population grew at 27.8% during 20012011 as compared toall India average of 17.8. Fertility rate of 4.1highest in India

56% of Meghalayas population is under 25 years versus49% for Indiafocus on human capital development is critical

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MeghalayaSocio-economic Context (contd)

Literacy rates (2011 census): Total (74.4); Female (72.9);Male(75.9)

Gross Enrolment ratios (2011): Secondary (49% boys and49.9% girls) and HS (13.7% boys and 17.3% girls)

Selected health indicators: IMR as per SRS 2012 (49); MMRas per NRHM in 2010-11 (239.3)

In 2012, 56.5% of Meghalayas workforce was in agriculture,

31.6% in services, and only 11.8% in the secondary sector

In 2011-12 about 65.4% of the workforce was self-employed,16.6% were casual laborers, and only 17.9% was employedin the formal sector (regular salaried jobs)

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Gender Context

Meghalayas tribes are matrilineal

Even though indicators such as female literacy, enrolment, andsex ratio are sound, females face several barriers

Low representation of women in the village/tribal councils andother bodies such as school management committees and

legislative assembly Fair representation of women in the Meghalaya State Civil

Services and amongst teachers

Poor infrastructure and teaching in schools, outdated vocational

training programs, and narrow economic base of the stateconstrains both, females and males

Additional constraints for females (lack of proper toilets, poortransport connectivity, few job opportunities, difficulty inmigrating out of the state for jobs)

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Meghalayaschools / vocational training

Of the 961 secondary and higher secondary (SHS) schools, 591

(62%) are government-aided schools where 71% of thestudents (all from poor households) study

Aided schools are not eligible for infrastructure support fromGOM and only receive limited grant funding; schoolinfrastructure is poor

15,000 untrained primary school teachers, and 5700 plusuntrained SHS teachers

Only one higher secondary (grades 11 and 12) school for everyfive secondary schools (up to grades 9 and 10)

High drop out rate, no career counseling at the school or collegelevel, and poor learning outcomes

Government-dominated vocational training system

Low employabi li ty of youth / high unemploym ent and

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Supporting Human Capital Dev. In Meghalaya

ADBs first loan to India in education and skill development

Indias first external loan support for integrated secondaryeducation and skill development

Gender is not treated as a separate stand-alone

component, but it permeates through the entire design of

the loan and its implementation

NGO-led focus group discussions covering ALL districts andrepresentatives of ALL tribal groups during loan design

Detailed Indigenous Peoples Plan, Gender Action Plan,Communication Strategy, and Consultation & Participation Plan

Positions for gender specialists in the JFPR funded capacitybuilding firm (British Council) and project managementconsulting firm (Accenture)

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Part II: ADB Loan - Structure

/Components

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Country India

Loan No. 3033-IND

Project Title Supporting Human Capital Development

in MeghalayaBorrower India

Executing Agencies DoF, GOM

Implementing Agencies PIU 1: Department of Education

PIU 2: MSSDS/Department of Labor

Loan Amount $100.00 million

Loan Data

Fact-Finding Mission 12 to 19 November 2012

Loan Negotiations 23 July 2013

Date of Board Approval 27 September 2013Date of Loan Agreement 23 January 2014

Date of Loan Effectiveness

In Loan Agreement

Actual

28 April 2014

07 March 2014 ahead of time)

Closing Date 31 March 2019

BASIC

DATA


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Impact: Enhanced Employabilityof Meghalaya's Youth

Outcome: Improved quality and deliveryof secondary and higher secondary (SSand HS) education and skill developmentprograms in Meghalaya

Output 3:Increasedawareness andparticipation

Output 1: Improvedteaching and learning ingovernment-aided SSand HS schools

Output 2:Increasedcapacity andresponsiveness oftechnical andvocational education

Output 4:Improvedproject managementand monitoring andevaluation (M&E)

i. Upgrading 117 government-aidedprivate schools to RMSA standards

ii. Promoting interactive teachingand learning tablets with educationand career counseling modules andbuilt-in solar panels

iii. Training of 3500 secondary levelteachers

iv. Upgrading 6 teacher trainingcenters

i. Skills Challenge Fund underMSSDS to catalyze private

and public skills trainingproviders

ii. Upgrade training equipment,curriculum, and deliverymethods of selected publictraining providers andMeghalaya-based VTPs

i. Enhancing

awareness andparticipation throughstate-widecampaigns

ii. Livelihooddevelopmentsupport / careercounseling

i. ProjectManagement

Consultantsii. Design andSupervisionConsultants

iii. NGO (forawareness building)iv. Firm for doing skill-gap analysis andM&E


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Progress to Date British Council (Capacity building), Accenture (Project

Management Consulting - PMC), LEA Associates (Design andSupervision - DSC), and Institute of Applied ManpowerResearch (for skill gap analysis and M&E) engaged

Civil workscontracts of $3.6 million for 5 out of 10 lots for 15

schools in East Jaintia, Khasi, and Ri-bhoi districts awarded.

Remaining 5 lots for 15 school buildings for about $3.6 millionexpected to be awarded by early Sept 2014

LEA Associates working closely with PWD to initiate design of

remaining schools with focus on Garo Hills

Total con tract awards - $12.3 m il l ion; imprest advance of

$5.5 mi l l ion o r (Rs33 crores) to GOM w ithin 4 mon ths o f

loan effect iv i ty thanks to advance act ion !

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Part III: Gender and social inclusion

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Gender and Social InclusionCivil Works

Gender questions included in the structural conditionassessment of schools to be upgradedinvaluable source ofgender-disaggregated data

Improved toilets and school facilities; rain-water harvesting;and access for physically challenged

GOM requested to improve access roads to schools

Education

Factor in gender sensitization modules into teacher training

Tailor career counseling modules to meet the different needsand aspirations of females and males

MOUs signed between DOE and selected schools to includeprovision for encouraging representation of women in theSMCs and monitoring drop out rate

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Gender and Social Inclusioncontd

Vocational Training Current government run industrial training institutes (ITIs) only

offer courses such as welding, fitting, electrical, and plumbingwhich do not attract females

25% reservation of seats for women in General ITIs

Only 1 womens ITI in Shillong offering courses such as hair &skin care and dress making. To be revamped (in terms of courses,instructor training, and equipment)

Total number of women trained during 2012-13 is 180 against atarget of 268

Engagement of private skills providers under the Skill ChallengeFund for the Meghalaya State Skill Development Society willenable widening of relevant vocational choices for females

Formal sector employment opportunities for women to be exploredoutside Meghalaya too. Large trainers such as IL&FS are seeingan increase in women candidates willing to go out of the state

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Communication and Outreach

NGO to be engaged - local Khasi and Garo resource persons tobe recruited for outreach, counseling, addressing school drop-outs, and mobilizing youth (females and males) for skills training

Brochures and pamphlets will be prepared in the local Khasi,Garo, and Jaintia languages in addition to English and Hindi.

Gender specialists engaged under PMC and capacity buildingfirm will help design the outreach material

Community mobilizers to be based in each of the 11 districts

Anthropologists, livelihood development specialists, andcommunity mobilizers to ensure that the benefits reach thewomen / different tribes in remote parts as well

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Surveys and M&E

Gender related issues included in the needs analysis surveysand skill-gap surveys that are being undertaken

Strong M&E component and tracer studiesfocus on results

All results to be presented in gender-disaggregated manner

Strengthen the socio-economic and employment data base forentire statewill help in evidence based planning to meet thedifferential needs of females and males

Administration Project Director and Deputy Directors will be assisted by the

Social Safeguards/ Gender Specialists in handling outreachactivities, and redress grievances

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M h l Aid d S h l


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MeghalayaAided-Schools


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MeghalayaSkills Training


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5 Shamit_Meghalaya Loan Gender Perspective

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