5. Ocean Geography Notes
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Transcript of 5. Ocean Geography Notes
Ocean GeographyOcean Geography
1. Earth’s Interior1. Earth’s Interior
Interior of the Earth:Interior of the Earth:
Three main levels:Three main levels:• CrustCrust• MantleMantle• CoreCore
Volume Volume Distribution:Distribution:• Core – 15%Core – 15%• Mantle – 85%Mantle – 85%• Crust - >1%Crust - >1%
CrustCrust
Since it is the only accessible layer, we know the Since it is the only accessible layer, we know the most about it. most about it.
Consists of layered rocks located on 12 platesConsists of layered rocks located on 12 plates The The MOHOMOHO separates the crust from the mantle separates the crust from the mantle Crust slides around on liquid mantleCrust slides around on liquid mantle 5 km to 70 km in depth5 km to 70 km in depth
PlatesPlates
How the Plates Move:How the Plates Move:
Sea Floor Spreading:Sea Floor Spreading:
Two types of crust, Continental & OceanicTwo types of crust, Continental & Oceanic Oceanic crust is constantly being reformedOceanic crust is constantly being reformed When it meets the continental crust it When it meets the continental crust it
subducts into the mantle because it is subducts into the mantle because it is more densemore dense
Mantle:Mantle:
Heat from the core drives the Heat from the core drives the convection in the mantle which in convection in the mantle which in turn drives plate tectonicsturn drives plate tectonics
Makes up the majority of the Earth’s Makes up the majority of the Earth’s volumevolume
Solid, though ductile enough it flows Solid, though ductile enough it flows on a long enough period of timeon a long enough period of time
CoreCore
Liquid outer coreLiquid outer core Solid inner coreSolid inner core Much is speculated Much is speculated
about its about its compositioncomposition
Ocean GeographyOcean Geography
2. Ocean Floor Features2. Ocean Floor Features
Ocean Floor FeaturesOcean Floor Features
Continental Shelf – Shallow, sloping region Continental Shelf – Shallow, sloping region that extends beyond the continentthat extends beyond the continent
Continental Slope – Steep drop off located Continental Slope – Steep drop off located at the end of the continental shelfat the end of the continental shelf
Ocean Floor FeaturesOcean Floor Features Abyss – deeper regions of the oceanAbyss – deeper regions of the ocean Abyssal Plain – nearly flat, smooth region Abyssal Plain – nearly flat, smooth region
of the ocean floorof the ocean floor
Ocean Floor Features:Ocean Floor Features:
Mid Ocean Ridge – Mountain range in the Mid Ocean Ridge – Mountain range in the ocean created usually by diverging or ocean created usually by diverging or converging platesconverging plates
Trench – deep steep side CanyonsTrench – deep steep side Canyons
Ocean Geography:Ocean Geography:
3. Land & Water Features3. Land & Water Features
BayBay
A body of water A body of water surrounded on surrounded on three sides by landthree sides by land
Strait/SoundStrait/Sound
Water passage that Water passage that connects two connects two bodies of water or bodies of water or water wayswater ways
DeltaDelta
A landform created A landform created from the deposits from the deposits of a river as it of a river as it enters a sea or enters a sea or oceanocean
SeaSea
Usually a large body of salty water Usually a large body of salty water connected to an oceanconnected to an ocean
CapeCape
A long pointed A long pointed piece of land that piece of land that sticks out into an sticks out into an ocean, lake, or seaocean, lake, or sea
PeninsulaPeninsula
A piece of land A piece of land surrounded on surrounded on three sides by three sides by waterwater
LakeLake
Body of water Body of water surrounded on all surrounded on all sides by land, very sides by land, very large ones are large ones are sometimes called sometimes called seasseas
FjordFjord
Long narrow sea Long narrow sea inlet border on the inlet border on the sides by steep cliffssides by steep cliffs