5 NCM AU Ba Surgaltiin Tehnologi Munkhtuya
Transcript of 5 NCM AU Ba Surgaltiin Tehnologi Munkhtuya
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NCM-Àíàãààõ óõààí áà ñóðãàëòûí
òåõíîëîãèéí øèíý÷ëýë
Èëòãýã÷: Ö.̺íõòóÿà (Ph.D)
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Ýð¿¿ë îðøèõûí
¿íäýñ
Ýìãýã ººð÷ëºëò
ªâ÷íèé îíîøëîãîî
ªâ÷íèé ýì÷èëãýý
“g+x+s”òýãøèòãýë
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“g+õ+s” ãýñýí òýãøèòãýëèéã ÿàæ áîäîæãàðãàæ èðñíýýðýý ÓÀÓ, ίÀÓ õî¸ðÿëãààòàé.
x- Ýíý 4-èéã á¿õýëä íü íýãòãýñýí õèéñâýðòîì îíîë áàéõ ¸ñòîé. ¯¿íèé æèøýý áîëÕØÁ-û îíîë.
g- Ýíý 4-ã äºðâ¿¿ëýíãèé íü õàðóóëæ ÷àäàõøèãøìýë ãàäààä øèíæèéã îëæ òîãòîîñîíáàéõ ¸ñòîé. ¯¿íèé õàìãèéí ñàéí øèéäýëáîë ÕØÁ-û 20 áèëèã ÷àíàð, ýìèéí 17ýðäýì ÷àäëûí òóõàé îéëãîëò þì.
Ýíäýýñ ¿çýõýä ÄÄÀÓ áîë ýíý òýãøèòãýëèéíýõíèé 2-ã ìàø ñàéí áîäñîí ÀÓ þì. ¯¿íýýñººð øèéäýë áàðàã áàéõã¿é. ª.õ. ýíýòýãøèòãýëèéí ýõíèé 2 ãèø¿¿íèéã õàìãèéíñàéí áîäñîí ÀÓ áîë ÓÀÓ þì. Ãýòýë ýíä íýããèø¿¿í áàéõã¿é áàéíà. Òýð íü “s”.
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Õàëóóí
Õºíãºí
Õóðö
Ãàë ìàõáîä Íàð Øàð
Õºíãºí
Õºëáºðºíõèé
Íàðèéí
Ñýð¿¿í
Õèé (îãòîðãóé) Ñàëõè Õèé
Õ¿éòýí
Õ¿íä
Íîéòîí
Áàò
Óñ+øîðîî Ñàð Áàäãàí
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Òýãâýë ίÀÓ ÿìàð òýãøèòãýë äýýð ñóóðèëñàí ÀÓ
áý?
Àíõ 1660 îíä Àíãëèéí ôèçèê÷ Robert Hooke
ìèêðîñêîïûí àíõíû ýãýë áàãàæààð ÿëààíû äàëàâ÷,
õºë, çàãàñíû õàéðñ, øóâóóíû ºä, ìîäíû õîëòîñ
çýðãèéã õàðæ, ìàø æèæèã æèæèã õóâààãäñàí òîðëîã
á¿òö¿¿äèéã îëæ õàðàí ò¿¿íèéãýý “cells” ãýæ íýðëýí
àìüä áèå ìàõáîä ýñò á¿òýöòýé áîëîõûã òîãòîîñîí.
ίÀÓ áîë ýñò á¿òýö äýýð ñóóðèëñàí ÀÓ áóþó “s”-èéí
ò¿âøèíä ñóóðèëñàí ÀÓ ìºí.
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“S - today” áóþó “ºíººäðèéí S”-èéí áàéäàë:
ίÀÓ-ä ñóáñòàíöè áóþó àìüä ýñýý ìàø íàðèéíò¿âøèíä ñóäàëäàã àòëàà àìüä ýñèéí çºâ îíîâ÷òîéòîäîðõîéëîëòîî ãàðãàæ ÷àäààã¿é, ýñèéí ãîë ãîëãàäààä øèíæèéí ïàðàìåòð¿¿äèéã ýðýìáýëýýã¿é,íýãýíò ãàäààä øèíæèéí èéì ãîë ãîë ïàðàìåòð¿¿äèéãýðýìáýëýýã¿é ó÷ðààñ àìüä ýñýý ìºí åðºíõèé óòãààð íüõèéñâýðëýí òîìü¸îëæ ÷àäààã¿é áàéäàë õàðàãääàã.
ίÀÓ-û ìýäýýëýë õýòýðõèé ñàðíèìàë, ìàø îëîíìýäýýëýëòýé õèðíýý òýð áîëãîí íýãäñýí òîì îíîë, íýãíýð òîìú¸îíä áàçàãäàæ íýãäìýë áîëæ ÷àäààã¿é.
Ýñèéí òóõàé îäîîãèéí òîäîðõîéëîëò õ¿íèé áèå äýýðÿâàãäàõ ýð¿¿ë-ýìãýã îëîí ¿çýãäëèéí ìºí ÷àíàðûãíýãòãýæ îéëãîõîä ó÷èð äóòàãäàëòàé áàéäàã.
Òèéìýýñ ÷ ºíººäðèéí ñóðãàëòàíä çààæ áàéãàà 6Î-70õè÷ýýëèéí ëîãèê óÿëäàà õîëáîî ñóë áàéäàëàæèãëàãääàã.
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“s”-ãèø¿¿íèéã îëîîã¿é ¿åä “x+g+s”òýãøèòãýëèéí
ó÷ðûã îëæ çààõ ìàø ò¿âýãòýé. “s”-ã õî¸ð ÿíçààð
îëæ áîëäîã. ¯¿íèé íýã íü “s-today”. ªíººäðèéí
Õàðâàðä, Îêñôîðäûí Èõ Ñóðãóóëèóäàä ¿çäýã
ίÀÓ-û ýñèéí òóõàé ¿çýë áàðèìòëàë þì. Ýíý
ìààíü ÷ áàñ òºäèéëºí øààðäëàãà õàíãàæ
ºãäºãã¿é. Èéì áîëîõîîð “s-today” ãýäýã
õóâüñàã÷èéã “s-NCM”–ÀÓ ãýñýí õóâèðàëä îðóóëàõ
¿éëñýä “Ìîíîñ”ÄÑ-èéí ýðäýìòýä îëîí æèëèéíõýý
õºäºëìºð áîëîí ýíý ñàëáàðò Íîáåëèéí øàãíàë
àâñàí ýðäýìòäèéí á¿òýýëèéã øèíãýýõ çàìààð
îðóóëñàí þì.
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Àþóðâýä Ò¿âä
Ìîíãîëûí ÓÀÓ
îéëãîõ, ñóäëàõ,
õºãæ¿¿ëýõ,
ñóðãàëòàíä
õýðýãëýõ
1-ð õàíäëàãà
Õóó÷èí
óëàìæëàëûã
õàäãàëàõ
“x+g”
“s”-íü îðõèãäñîí
2-ð õàíäëàãà
ÓÀÓ-íû “x+g”
õýëáýðò îíîëûã
ñóäëàõ
Îðõèãäñîí “s”-èéã
îëæ òîãòîîõ
Òýãøèòãýëèéí
áîäîëòûã á¿òýí
áîëãîõ
ÓÀÓ-íû îíîë,
îíîøëîãîî,
ýì÷èëãýý, ñóðãàëò,
ñóäàëãààã “x+g+s, s-
NCM”-èéí ò¿âøèíä
àâ÷ ¿çýõ
21-ð çóóíä
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“Ìîíîñ” ÄÑ-èéí õóâüä ñóðãàëò, ýðäýì
øèíæèëãýýíèé àæèëä 2-ð õàíäëàãûã
áàðèìòàëæ, óëìààð ýíý ãóðâàí
ãèø¿¿íòýé òýãøèòãýëèéí áîäîëòûã
ÿàæ õèéæ áàéíà âý? ãýâýë
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Àìüä ýñèéí á¿òýö ¿éë àæèëëàãààíûòàëààðõè ýðýìáýëýãäýýã¿é ìýäýýëëèéãýðýìáýëýõ çàìààð ãàðãàí èðñýí s-NCMõýëáýðò ýñèéí øèíý áàÿæóóëñàíòîäîðõîéëîëò áîëîí õ¿íèé áèåèéí á¿òýö-¿éë àæèëëàãààíû øèíý çàãâàð÷ëàë áóþó“äîíàòîðààñ àêöåïòîðóóä ðóó ýëåêòðîí,ïðîòîí óðñàõ óðñãàë, ìåìáðàí-ðåäîêñèïîòåíöèàëûí 3 òºëºâò øóãàìòàéõîëáîîòîéãîîð îðøäîã 4êîìïàðòìåíò áîëîí 10 òîãòîëöîîò õýñýãáàéäàã òóõàé øèíý êîíöåïöèéã áèé áîëãîíñóðãàëò, ñóäàëãàà-øèíæèëãýýíèé àæèëäíýâòð¿¿ëýí õýðýãëýæ áàéíà.
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II компартмент
Èéëäýñ, øèíãýíèé îð÷èí
äàõü ÕØ-èéí òýíöâýð,
èñýëäñýí:àíãèæèðñàí
íýãäë¿¿äèéí áîëîí
ÁÍËÏ:ÈÍËÏ-èéí òîîí
õàðüöàà, ÕÑ:ÈÍËÏ-èéí
òîîí õàðüöàà
III компартмент
H+, e- -û äîíàòîð
áîëîõ òîñíû
ìîëåêóëóóäûí
õóðèìòëàë
I компартмент
буюу МБ-РОП
3 тºлºвт
шугам
IV компартмент
буюу 5 гол МБ-д
харгалдсан 5 гол
үйл
ажиллагааны
хэсэг түүний
ХШБ хэлбэрт
кодчилол
Áèå ìàõáîäûí á¿òýö -¿éë àæèëëàãààíû
øèíý çàãâàð÷ëàë , 4 êîìïàðòåíò, 10
òîãòîëöîîò õýñýã
I компартментIII
компартмент
II компартмент IV
компартмент
Гадаад
орчин руу
exit
Гадаад орчноос Н е донатор entry
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Äîíàòîð Í+Í+
Í+
Í+Í+
å- å-
å-
ÌÌ
Î2 Î2
Í2ÎÍ+
ÀÒÔ, ÍÀÄÔÍ
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Èéíõ¿¿ “s-NCM” àíàãààõ óõààí ãàð÷
èðñíýýð ìàíàé ñóðãóóëèéí ñóðãàëòûí
òåõíîëîãèò ÷àíàðûí ººð÷ëºëò õèéõ
íºõöºëèéã òàâüñàí ãýæ áèä ¿çäýã.
Ñóðãóóëèéíõàà ýðõýì çîðèëãî,
õè÷ýýë¿¿äèéí òîäîðõîéëîëòûã ººð÷èëж
сургалтанд “s-NCM” тайлалыг хичээл тус
бүрд 30-40% д оруулж ºгсºн.
¯¿íòýé õîëáîîòîéãîîð ìàíàé
á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿í áîëîõ òºãñºã÷èéí çàãâàð
äýýð 20 îð÷èì ñòàíäàðò ¿ç¿¿ëýëòèéã áèé
áîëãîæ ºãñºí.
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NCM-TOWER
X
G
S S
X
G
S-NCM
S-NCM àíàãààõ óõààí
(X, G-ã S-NCM ò¿âøèíä
òàéëáàðëàñàí, S-èéã S-NCM
ò¿âøèíä òàéëáàðëàñàí
àíàãààõ óõààíû ãóðàâäàã÷òîãòîëöîî)
Îð÷èí ¿åèéí àíàãààõ óõààí
(ýñò á¿òöèéí îíîëä -S-
ñóóðèëñàí)
Óëàìæëàëò àíàãààõ óõààí
(õèé, øàð áàäãàí, 5
ìàõáîäûí îíîë /X/, õàëóóí,
õ¿éòýí, õóðö, õºíãºí áèëèã
÷àíàðä ñóóðèëñàí /G/)
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Èéì ñóðãàëòûí òåõíîëîãèîð ýì÷ áýëäâýë:
“x+g” 2 ãèø¿¿íòýé òýãøèòãýëèéí õ¿ðýýíä ÓÀÓ-ã
òºãñ ýçýìøèæ ìýäñýí
“s-today”-èéí õ¿ðýýíä ίÀÓ-ã áàñ ìýääýã
“s-NCM”-èéí õ¿ðýýíä ýíý 2 àíàãààõ óõààíûã
õîëáîæ îéëãîäîã áóþó ÓÀÓ-û àëèâàà íýã ºâ÷íèé
íýðøèë, îíîøëîãîî, ýì÷èëãýýã ίÀÓ-û àëü íýã îéð
äºò ñàíàãäñàí ºâ÷èíòýé øóóä ä¿éö¿¿ëýí îéëãîäîã
áóðóó õàíäëàãûã ãàðãàõã¿éãýýð, ÓÀÓ áà ίÀÓ-û
õîîðîíäûí èíòåãðàöèéí çºâ öýãèéã îëæ õàðàí s-
NCM ò¿âøèíä òàéëàë õèéæ ÷àääàã òèéì
ñýòãýõ¿éòýé ýì÷ áýëòãýõ áîëîëöîîã áèé áîëãîæ
áàéíà.
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“Ýìèéí õ¿÷” – --
s-NCM-èéí ò¿âøèíä òàéëàë õèéõ
Õàëóóí äóëààí óóð àìüñãàëòàé ãàçàð áîëîí óóë óñíûíàðàí òàëä óðãàäàã áóþó àìüäàðäàã óðãàìàë àìüòàíäõàëóóíû õ¿÷ á¿ðýí øèíãýæ, õèéã äàðæ, áàäãàíûãàðèëãàõ, èäýý óíäààã øèíãýýõ õàëóóíû õ¿÷òýé áàéäàã.
Õàðèí ñýð¿¿í ãàçàð, õ¿éòýí óóð àìüñãàëòàé, ñàðíû ãýðýëèë¿¿òýé òóñàæ áóé ãàçàðò óðãàæ áóé óðãàìàë, àìüòàíäõ¿éòýí õ¿÷ á¿ðýëäýæ îé òîãòîîìæ, ìýäðýë ñýðýìæèéãñàéæðóóëàõ, áèåä ñ¿ð æàâõàà îðóóëàõ óëìààð øàðûãàðèëãàõ, ìóó öóñûã öýâýðø¿¿ëýõ ¿éëäýë ¿ç¿¿ëíý.
X,G ò¿âøèíä
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Ýìèéí õ¿÷ - õàëóóí, õ¿éòýí
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Фотосинтез
Нарны энерги
H2O
Хөрс
CO2
Óðãàìëûí ýñèéí ðåäîêñè øóãàì
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Èéì á¿òýö á¿õèé ÁÈÁ íü ÓÀÓ-û
îíîëîîð áàäãàí, õ¿éòíèéã äàðäàã,
õèé äàðäàã õàëóóí õóðö ÷àäàëòàé
ýìò áîäèñò õàðüöàíãóé èõ
àãóóëàãääàã.
Îксипотенöиал Ðеäпотенöиал
Áèåä, ýñýä ÿâàãäàõ õýäýí çóóí ìÿíãàí õèìèéí
óðâàë, íýã ìåòàáîëèò íºãºº ìåòàáîëèòîä õóâèðàõ
¿çýãäýë íü “èñýëäñýí” õýëáðýýñ àíãèæèðñàí
õýëáýðò, “àíãèæèðñàí” õýëáðýýñ èñýëäñýí
õýëáýðò øèëæèõ çàìààð ÿâàãäàõ áà àëèâàà áîäèñ
“íèéëýãæèõ” óðâàëûí ºìíºòãºë ìåòàáîëèò íü
àðä íü äàãàëäàí ¿¿ñýõ ìåòàáîëèòààñàà èë¿¿
“èñýëäñýí” áàéäàëä áàéæ, èñýëäñýí õýëáð¿¿ä íü
“áàãàñàõ” çàìààð ýöñèéí áóþó íèéëýãæñýí
áîäèñóóä ¿¿ñ÷ èë¿¿ àíãèæèðñàí áàéäàëä îðäîã
áîë “àëèâàà” áîäèñ èñýëäýõ – çàäðàõ óðâàëûí
¿åä áîë ºìíºòãºë áîäèñ íü “èë¿¿ àíãèæèðñàí”,
àðààñ íü äàãàëäàí ¿¿ñ÷ áàéãàà áîäèñ íü èë¿¿
èñýëäñýí áàéäàëä îðäîã ç¿é òîãòîë áàéäàã. ¯¿íèé
èñýëäñýí õýëáýðèéã ÓÀÓ-ä áèå äýõ “ãàë” (øàð)
ìàõáîäîîð, àíãèæèðñàí õýëáðèéã ÓÀÓ-ä áèå äýõ
óñ, øîðîî ìàõáîä (áàäãàí)-ààð èëýðõèéëäýã ãýæ
¿çýõ ¿íäýñ áèé.
Óргамлын ÁÈÁ áа
оксипотенöиал
ÁÈÁ-ын á¿тöийн
онöлог нü Î
Ñ
ÑН = CH
зэрэг исэлäсэн õэлáрийг
õарü-öангуй иõ агуулна.
NADH, FADH2,
NADPH, CH3- CH2 -
CH2- çýðýã àíãèæèðñàí
õýëáýðò ìåòàáîëèò-
óóäààñ ïðîòîíûã
õóðäàí ÷ºëººëæ,
èñýëä¿¿ëýí Í+, å-
óðñãàëûã õýâèéí
áîëãîíî.
Óргамлын ÁÈÁ áа
реäпотенöиал
Ôëàâîíîèäóóä – ÎÍ
Âèòàìèí Å – ÑÍ3
õàìààðàëòàéãààð ÀÎ
èäýâõè ¿ç¿¿ëíý.
ÑÍ3, ÎÍ – ÑÍ2 – ÑÍ2,
– NH3 - çýðýã àíãèæèð-
ñàí õýëáýðò
ìåòàáîëèòóóäûã èõýýð
àãóóëíà.
Èéì á¿òýö á¿õèé ÁÈÁ íü
ÓÀÓ-û îíîëîîð áîë øàð,
õàëóóíûã äàðäàã, õ¿íä,
õ¿éòýí, ìîõäîã ÷àäàëòàé
ãýæ òîìú¸îëîãääîã ýìò
áîäèñò èõýýð
àãóóëàãäàíà.
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Àíõààðàë òàâüñàíä
áàÿðëàëàà.