5. Metadata 6. Summary of Database Creation 7. Data Standards 8. NSDI

1Geog. 377: Introduction to GIS - Lecture 16 OverheadsGeog. 377: Introduction to GIS - Lecture 16 Overheads

5. Metadata6. Summary of Database Creation7. Data Standards8. NSDI

TopicsTopics

Lecture 16: GIS Database Creation and Maintenance (IV)

Readings on the topicsReadings on the topicsChapter 11 in the text, pp.245-250Chapter 11 in the text, pp.245-250http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/metadata.html (Metadata)http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/metadata.html (Metadata)

http://mcmcweb.er.usgs.gov/sdts/ (SDTS) (SDTS)http://www.fgdc.gov/http://www.fgdc.gov/ (FGDC and NSDI) (FGDC and NSDI)http://water.usgs.gov/nsdihttp://water.usgs.gov/nsdi (Example of clearing house) (Example of clearing house)

Other readingsOther readings


OutlinesOutlines

5. Metadata: (Guest Lecture)What ??? (conceptual)

• … the label on your Spam.

• … the scrawls on your cubicle walls

– …your little black book.

• … ‘data about data’ , the map legend & collar– … qualifying information giving the content, condition,

usefulness, accessibility and other characteristics of a discrete grouping of features with associated attributes.

• Context information without which something is less discernible and less usable / useful…


Metadata: What (in GIS context)

What ??? (institutional)

• … contract spec.’s• … in-house methods, data dictionary• … source data (with its metadata)• … data context: project/application spec.’s• … standards & standard procedures• … agency policies and contact information


Traditional Metadata


The Content Standard for Digital (CSDGM) Geospatial Metadata

What ??? (practical)

• … standard-compliant formatted metadata• … developed/improved/updated over time• … applicable to all spatial data collections• … extensible through profiles and standards

evolution• … mandatory at some levels of government

– Go see some: http://sco.wisc.edu/wisclinc/


FGDC Standard: 7 Main Sections + 3 Minor Sections

1 Identification Information

2 Data Quality Information

3 Spatial Data Information

4 Spatial Reference Information

5 Entity & Attribute Information

6 Data Distribution Information

7 Metadata Reference Info.

8 Citation Information

9 Time period Information

10 Contact Information


Mandatory Elements

• Citation• Description (Abstract and

Purpose)

• Time Period of Content (Time Period and Currentness Reference)

• Status (Progress and Maintenance)

• Spatial Domain

• Keywords

• Access Constraints

• Use Constraints

• Metadata Date

• Metadata Contact

• Metadata Standard Name

• Metadata Standard Version

(The Major Sections Figure)(The Major Sections Figure)


6. Summary of Database Creation

6.1 Database Creation Guidelines: 1) Define the scope of the database 2) Determine data model (spatial and aspatial) to use 3) Identify data sources and collect source data 4) Perform data conversion (digitise or import) 5) Perform coordinate transformation 6) Edit data 7) Verify data (a) If spatial data are complete; (b) If spatial data are in the right location; (c) If spatial data are linked to the proper attribute data; (d) If attribute data are complete and update 8) Create metadata


6.2 Building a raster database (The Raster Database Building Diagram)

6.3 Building a vector database (The Vector Database Building Diagram)

7. Data Exchange and Data Standards:

7.1 Forms of data exchanges: 7.1.1 Direct translation (Direct Translation Diagram) Factorial increase of programs with a linear increase of systems

7.1.2 Neutral exchange format (Neutral Format Diagram) Agreement on a common format (data standard)


7.2 Transfer Standards (Data Standards) 7.2.1 Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) (a subcommittee of ANSI, American National Standard Institute) (http://memeweb.er.usgs.gov/sdts) 7.2.2 Neutral Transfer Format (U,K,):

8. National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI):

8.1 NSDI: Consists of policies, standards, procedures for organizations to cooperatively produce and share geographic data Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) (http://www.fgdc.org)8.2 Geospatial Data Clearing Houses: Pathways developed by individual organizations to facilitate the search for geographic data USGS clearing house: (http://water.usgs.gov/nsdi)


Questions:

1. Why do we need metadata? What are the basic aspects that metadata must cover? Who should create and maintain metadata?

2. Describe the procedures involved in creating a raster database from various sources? How is that different from the construction of a vector database?

3. Who is FGDC? What is its main task?

4. Why do we need data standards?

5. Metadata 6. Summary of Database Creation 7. Data Standards 8. NSDI

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