5 lighting
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Transcript of 5 lighting
LightingLighting
Dr.V.SaravananAssociate Professor – EEE dept.TCE, Madurai
LIGHTING SYSTEMLIGHTING SYSTEMLighting is an essential service in all the industries
Power consumption by the industrial lighting varies◦Between 2 to 10% of the total power depending on the type of industry.
Innovation & continuous improvement in the field of lighting◦Has given rise to tremendous energy saving opportunities
Contd.Contd.Lighting is an area, which provides a major scope to achieve energy efficiency at the design stage By incorporation of ◦Modern energy efficient lamps
◦Luminaries and gears◦Good operational practices
Basic Terms in Lighting Basic Terms in Lighting System and FeaturesSystem and Features
Incandescent lamps:Incandescent lamps produce light
◦By means of a filament heated to incandescence
◦By the flow of electric current through it.
Principal parts of an incandescent lamp, also known as GLS lamp ◦Include the filament, the bulb, the fill gas and the cap.
Reflector lampsReflector lampsReflector lamps are basically incandescent◦Provided with a high quality internal mirror
◦Which follows exactly the parabolic shape of the lamp.
The reflector is resistant to corrosion◦Thus making the lamp maintenance free and output efficient.
Gas discharge lampsGas discharge lampsLight is produced by the excitation of
gas◦Contained in either a tubular or elliptical
outer bulb.Commonly used discharge lamps are
◦Fluorescent tube lamps (FTL)◦Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL)◦Mercury Vapour Lamps◦Sodium Vapour Lamps◦Metal Halide Lamps
LuminariesLuminariesLuminaries is a device that
distributes, filters or transforms◦Light emitted from one or more lamps.
Basic physical principles used in optical luminaries are ◦Reflection◦Absorption◦Transmission ◦Refraction
Control GearControl GearBallast:
◦A current limiting device, to counter negative resistance characteristics of any discharge lamps.
◦In case of fluorescent lamps, it aids the initial voltage build-up, required for starting.
Ignitors:◦These are used for starting high intensity
Metal Halide and Sodium vapour lamps.
IlluminanceIlluminanceLighting level produced by a lighting
installation is usually qualified ◦By the luminance produced on a specified
plane. In most cases, this plane is the major
plane of the tasks in the interior and is commonly called the working plane.
Illuminance provided by an installation affects ◦Both the performance of the tasks and the
appearance of the space.
Lux (lx)Lux (lx)Illuminance produced
◦By a luminous flux of one lumen, uniformly distributed over a surface area of one square metre.
One lux is equal to one lumen per square meter.
Luminous Efficacy Luminous Efficacy (lm/W)(lm/W)
Ratio of luminous flux emitted by a lamp to the power consumed by the lamp.
It is a reflection of efficiency of energy conversion from electricity to light form.
Colour Rendering Index Colour Rendering Index (CRI)(CRI)
Is a measure of the degree to which the colours of surfaces illuminated ◦By a given light source confirm to
those of the same surfaces under a reference illuminant
Suitable allowance having been made for the state of Chromatic adaptation
Light SourceLight SourceIncandescent Lamp
◦GLS Lamp◦Halogen Lamp◦Blended Mercury Vapour Lamp
Candescent Lamp◦LP Mercury Vapour Lamp◦HP Mercury Vapour Lamp◦Metal Halide lamp◦HP Sodium Vapour Lamp◦LP Sodium Vapour lamp
Filament LampsFilament LampsGLS Lamps
◦Wide operating voltage ◦Most inefficient form of lighting◦More heat than light◦10-12 Lumens / watt◦Working temp. 1900°K◦100% Colour Rendering index
Blended Mercury Vapour Blended Mercury Vapour LampLamp
Filament lamp filled with Mercury Gas
High Intensity LampLuminous Intensity –
20Lumens/WattColour rendering index – 75%Suitable for limitation Jewelry Shop
Halogen lampHalogen lamp100% Colour Rendering IndexFocus Lighting ApplicationsLow Voltage Halogen lamp
◦ Star Hotel conference hall lighting◦ Display lighting system
Normal Halogen Lighting◦ Video graphic Applications – 2000Lux◦ High Intensity Lamp◦ Stadium Lighting
Compact Fluorescent LampCompact Fluorescent LampNew Generation High Efficacy Lamp
◦45-85 Lumens / WattGood Color rendering Index – 85%Compact ShapeMore Life time – 8000 HoursGood Alternative for filament lampIdeal for Star Hotels, Shops,
Gardens & Walk Ways
CFL LampsCFL Lamps
High Efficiency Fluorescent High Efficiency Fluorescent LampLampConventional Fluorescent lamp
◦ Efficacy – 54 Lumens / Watt◦ CRI – 77%
High Efficiency Fluorescent lamp◦ Efficacy – 86 Lumens / Watt◦ CRI – 86%◦ Tri-phosphor coated◦ Krypton – Increase life
40% Efficient than conventional tube lightIdeal choice for New Project(Design Stage)Where existing lighting is poor
Metal halide LampMetal halide LampLatest Generation High Intensity
lampProduce White lightLuminous Efficacy – 80 to 100
Lumens/WattColour rendering index – 85%Factory, Stadium & Monument
Lighting Applications
Green Park Stadium, Green Park Stadium, MumbaiMumbai
High Pressure Sodium Vapour High Pressure Sodium Vapour LampLamp
Produce Yellow LightLuminous efficacy –110 –125
Lumen/WattPoor Colour Rendering Index – 35%Ideal for Street & Road Side lightingAirport Lighting
Santhacruz Airport, Santhacruz Airport, MumbaiMumbai
High Pressure Mercury Vapour High Pressure Mercury Vapour lamplamp
Produce White LightLuminous Efficacy –
55-60Lumens/WattColour Rendering Index – 55%Olden Days factory inside lighting
applicationsNowadays replaced with Metal
Halide Lamp
Low Pressure Mercury Vapour Low Pressure Mercury Vapour lamplamp
Fluorescent Lamp◦Tube Light
Conventional Tube Light – 55 Lumens/Watt
Energy Efficient Tube Light – 85 Lumens/Watt
◦Compact Fluorescent lamp Ideal replacement for GLS Lamp Luminous efficiency – 80Lumens /
Watt
Efficient LampsEfficient LampsCompact Florescent LampColour – 80 Series Tube LightsMetal Halide LampsHigh Pressure Sodium Vapour
Lamp (HPSV Lamp)LED Lamps
Fluorescent Lamp Gears - Fluorescent Lamp Gears - ChokesChokes
Conventional Choke used in Tube Light consumes – 9 to 14Watts as loss – because of low grade steel
Energy efficient Choke consumes – 4 to 5Watts as loss – uses Cold rolled grain oriented silicon steel laminations
Electronic Choke consumes 1 to 2 Watts
Energy Efficient Copper Energy Efficient Copper BallastBallast
Conventional Ballast in Tube light consumes 10-14Watts as loss◦Use Low grade steel◦Less copper area – 550Grams
Energy Efficient Choke consumes 4-5Watts as loss
◦CRGO Silicon Steel Laminations◦More Copper Areas – 940Grams◦Use Vacuum Impregnation Technique
LUMINOUS PERFORMANCE LUMINOUS PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMONLY USED CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMONLY USED LUMINARIESLUMINARIESTypes of Lamp
Lumen/Watt
CRI Application Life in Hours
GLS Lamp
14 Excellent
Homes, restaurants,general lighting,emergency lighting
1000
Fluorescent Lamps
50 Good Offices, shops, hospitals, homes
5000
CFL 60 Very good
Hotels, shops, homes, offices
8000
HPMV Lamp
50 Fair General lighting in factories, garages, car parking, floodlighting
5000
LUMINOUS PERFORMANCE LUMINOUS PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMONLY USED CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMONLY USED LUMINARIESLUMINARIESTypes of Lamp
Lumen/Watt
CRI Application Life in Hours
Halogen lamps
20 Excellent
Display, flood lighting, stadiumexhibition grounds,construction areas
2000
HPSV Lamp
90 Fair General lighting, warehouses, street Lighting
12000
LPSV Lamp
150 Poor Roadways, tunnels, canals, street lighting
12000
Energy Conservation Energy Conservation AvenuesAvenues
Maximize sunlight use through use of◦Transparent roof sheets, north light roof, etc.
Replacements of lamps by more energy efficient lamps, with due consideration to ◦Luminaries, color rendering index, lux level as well as expected life comparison.
Contd.Contd.Replace conventional magnetic
ballasts by more energy efficient ballasts, with due consideration to ◦Life and power factor apart from watt
lossSelect interior colours for light
reflection.Modify layout for optimum lighting.
Contd.Contd.Providing individual / group controls for lighting for energy efficiency◦On / off, Group control switches / units
◦Occupancy sensors◦Photocell controls◦Timer operated controls◦Computerized lighting control programs
Contd.Contd.Install input voltage regulators /
controllers for energy efficiency as well as longer life expectancy for lamps◦Where higher voltages, fluctuations
are expected.Replace energy efficient displays
like LED's in place of ◦Lamp type displays in control panels /
instrumentation areas, etc.
Energy Efficient Energy Efficient Replacement OptionsReplacement Options
Sector Existing Proposed
Watts Saving
% of Savings
Domestic / Commercial
GLS 100W GLS 60W
CFL 25W CFL 20W
75W40W
75% 66%
Domestic/ Industry / Commercial
TL 40W TL36 4 W 10%
Industry / Commercial – Indoor App.
HPMV 250WHPMV 400W
MH 150WMH 250W
100W 150W
40%38%
Industry / Commercial – Outdoor App.
HPMV 250WHPMV 400W
HPSV 150W HPSV 250W
100W150W
40%38%
Some Good Lighting Some Good Lighting PracticesPractices
Installation of energy efficient fluorescent lamps◦In place of "Conventional" fluorescent lamps
Installation of CFL‘s◦In place of incandescent lamps.
Installation of metal halide lamps◦In place of HPMV/HPSV lamps
Contd.Contd.Installation of HPSV lamps for applications ◦where colour rendering is not critical
Installation of LED panel indicator lamps in place of filament lamps
Thank youThank you