IC ENGINES

Types of IC Engines

• According to the basic engine design 1. Reciprocating engine 2. Rotary engine• According to method of ignition 1. Spark ignition engine 2. Compression ignition engine• According to the number of strokes per cycle 1. Two stroke 2. Four stroke 3. Six stroke

• According to the type of fuel 1. Petrol engine 2. Diesel engine 3. Gas engine• According to the cycle of operation 1. Otto cycle engine 2. Diesel cycle engine 3. Dual cycle engine• According to the number of cylinders 1. Single cylinder 2. Multi cylinder

• According to the arrangement of the cylinder 1. Horizontal engine 2. Vertical engine 3. V-shaped engine 4. Radial engine 5. W-shaped engine• According to the method of cooling 1. Air cooled engine 2. Water cooled engine

Spark Ignition• The combustion process of the air-fuel mixture is

ignited by a spark from a spark plug and fuel is burnt in the combustion chamber.

• It uses Petrol as fuel.• It has compression ratio of

Compression Ignition• It uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition and

burn the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber.

• It uses Diesel as fuel.• It has compression ratio of

Engine BalancingFor complete balancing we have to Balance -

• Rotating Mass• Reciprocating Mass• Firing Forces

Spark Plug• It is a device for delivering electric current from an

ignition system to the combustion chamber of a spark-ignition engine to ignite the compressed fuel/air mixture by an electric spark, while containing combustion pressure within the engine.

Carburetor• It is a device that blends air and fuel for an internal

combustion engine.

Carburetors have five different circuits

• Main circuit - Provides just enough fuel for fuel-efficient cruising.

• Idle circuit - Provides just enough fuel to keep the engine idling. • Accelerator pump - Provides an extra burst of fuel when the

accelerator pedal is first depressed, reducing hesitation before the engine speeds up.

• Power enrichment circuit - Provides extra fuel when the car is going up a hill or towing a trailer.

• Choke - Provides extra fuel when the engine is cold so that it will start.

Fuel InjectorIt is a device used for mixing fuel with air in an internal combustion engine.

Valves• There are 2 type of valves - a) Inlet Valve b) Exhaust Valve• The valve which allows mixture into the cylinder is

the inlet valve; the one through which the spent gases escape is the exhaust valve.

• They are designed to open and close at precise moments, to allow the engine to run efficiently at all speeds.

• Valve Timing - the valve timing is the precise timing of the opening and closing of the valves.

The 4-stroke cycle1 = TDC2 = BDCA: Intake 

B: Compression 

C: Power 

D: Exhaust

• Valve Train - It is a device that controls the operation of the valves, in which a sequence of components transmits motion throughout the assembly. A traditional reciprocating internal combustion engine uses valves to control air and fuel flow into and out of the cylinders, facilitating combustion.

Engine Cooling

• Air Cooling

• Oil Cooling

• Water Cooling

• Turbochargers - A turbocharger is a supercharger that is driven by the engine's exhaust gases, by means of a turbine. It consists of a two piece, high-speed turbine assembly with one side that compresses the intake air, and the other side that is powered by the exhaust gas outflow.

• Superchargers - It is a type of air compression device powered by the engine crankshaft. It is a way of increasing engine power by forcing more air into the cylinder so that more power can be produced from each power stroke.