5-FJIRSM-Huang

Materials Science For E & E

Feng Huang

Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Acedamy of Sciences

2009. 02. 16

Materials Science For E & EFujian Institute of research on the structure of Matter

1. Introduction of FJIRSM1. General information2. Research highlights3. International collaborations

2. Activies for E & E1. The strategy of FJIRSM in E & E problems2. Current research activities for E & E3. Future plans and strategies for E & E

3. Comments4. Summary

http://http://www.fjirsm.ac.cnwww.fjirsm.ac.cnWMRIF AsiaWMRIF Asia--Oceania Feb. 09Oceania Feb. 09

Fujian Institute of Research on the

Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese

Academy of Sciences (CAS), was

established in 1960. Up to date, FJIRSM

has 318 staff members (including 42 research professors and 78

associate research professors as well as senior engineers.), and

about 300 graduate students. FJIRSM focuses itself on basic and

applied research of chemistry, physics and material science with

emphasis on the relationship between structures and properties

of the materials and their applications.

History of FJIRSM

Location of FJIRSM

We are here.We are here.

West coast of Taiwan ChannelWest coast of Taiwan Channel

State Key Lab. of State Key Lab. of StructStruct. Chem.. Chem.

Key Lab. of Key Lab. of Material Chem. & Phys.Material Chem. & Phys.FJIRSMFJIRSM

Applied Chem. & Applied Chem. & NanoNano--Science CenterScience Center

Basic researchBasic research

Applied researchApplied research

Applied researchApplied research

Inorganic ChemistryInorganic Chemistry

Material ChemistryMaterial Chemistry

Structural BiochemistryStructural Biochemistry

State Key State Key Lab. of Lab. of StructStruct. . Chem.Chem.

NanoNano--ChemistryChemistry

Coordination Polymers Coordination Polymers

Crystal Engineering.Crystal Engineering.

Metal Cluster Chemistry Metal Cluster Chemistry

Theoretical ChemistryTheoretical Chemistry

Research Interests

NonNon--linear Optical Materialslinear Optical Materials

New InfraNew Infra--Red MaterialsRed Materials

Semiconductor MaterialsSemiconductor Materials

Key Lab. of Key Lab. of Material Material Chem. & Phys.Chem. & Phys.

Laser Laser CrystCryst. Materials. Materials

ThermalThermal--Electric MaterialsElectric Materials

New Functional MaterialsNew Functional Materials

Optical Optical Ceramic MaterialsCeramic Materials

HighHigh--power Laserspower Lasers

Research Interests

Research Highlights

Non-linear Optical BaB2O4 (BBO) CrystalNon-linear Optical LiB3O5 (LBO) Crystal

Ultraviolet Non-linear Optical Crystals

PhotochromicPhotochromic materialsmaterials

Research Highlights

Products:Products:NLO CrystalsNLO Crystals: : LBOLBO、、BBOBBO、、

KTPKTP、、 RDPRDP、、 DKDPDKDP、、KDPKDP、、

LIIOLIIO33、、LINbOLINbO33、、ADP ADP 、、

BIBOBIBO，，KGW KGW , , etaletal..

Laser CrystalsLaser Crystals：：Nd:YVONd:YVO44、、Nd:YAGNd:YAG、、 Yb:YAGYb:YAG, , Ti:SapphireTi:Sapphire, , etaletal..

ElectroElectro--Optical Crystals:Optical Crystals: LiTaOLiTaO33、、LiNbOLiNbO33、、TeOTeO22、、

PbMoOPbMoO44, , etaletal..

HtrHtr--KTP CrystalKTP Crystal

FUJIAN CASTECH CRYST. INC. (CASTECH):• a world famous manufacturer of crystals for lasers and their applications. It is devoted to the

development, manufacturing and marketing of a wide range of NLO, laser, birefringent, Electro-Optics as well as optical crystals.

Carrier Carrier ConcentrationConcentration

(cm(cm--33))

MobilityMobility(cm(cm22/V/V••s)s)

Normal Normal methodmethod 9.29.2××10101414 4444

Our Our methodmethod 4.14.1××10101616 238238

Decrease the cost

Increase the Mobility

Developing ZnO-LED device

Research Highlights

Semiconductor CrystalsSemiconductor Crystals

ZnOZnO CrystalCrystal

InfraInfra--red NLO Crystalsred NLO Crystals

High SHG effect

High photo-damage threshold

High transmissivity

0.35－14μm

yearsItems 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Foreign visitors 8 21 13 22 56 30

Researchers who went abroad for

international conferences and

cooperative researches

16 28 31 42 12 11

Students who studies overseas 12 3 10 7 12 10

Statistics about international exchanges in FJIRSM

International collaborations

In the past years, FJIRSM carried out extensive academic exchanges and scientific cooperations with more than forty domestic and overseas research institutions including those in the USA, the UK, the Netherlands, Germany, Canada, Japan and France.

Prof. John D. Corbett from Iowa State University, USA, visited FJIRSM on October 9th, 2001

Dr.Sarah Thomas with the Editorial Board of Chemical Communications ,UK, visited FJIRSM in February, 2005

Prof. H. Vahrenkamp from Freiburg University, Germany, visited FJIRSM on September 26th, 2002

The Sixth China-Japan Joint Symposium on Metal Cluster Compounds sponsored by FJIRSM was held at Huangshan, China on October 23-25,2006

The strategy of FJIRSM in The strategy of FJIRSM in E & E problemss

Important E&E problem

If we have advantage to

solve such scientific problem

Essential Scientific points

Design Design key programskey programs to to support the research direction support the research direction

YesYes

Free explorationFree explorationNoNo

•• Glycol Glycol crucial chemical industrial raw material. China is in great shorcrucial chemical industrial raw material. China is in great short supply. t supply. Now it is produced mostly from petroleum. – Worldwide output is ~18M ton/year, about 1/3 of which is required in

China. However the throughput of China is only 1–1.2 M ton/year

• Since the discovery of oxidation and carboxidation coupling of alcohol into oxalic ester in 1965, no successful industrialization has been reported.

•• FJIRSM is one of the pioneer in this field in ChinaFJIRSM is one of the pioneer in this field in China

– 1983，small scale pilot plant small scale pilot plant for the catalyst for CO-gas catalyzing synthesis of oxalate, passing the 1004 hours continuous life-testing

– 1993， small scale pilot plant small scale pilot plant for national “85” key project “200ml catalyst” , passing 1000 hours catalyst life-texting

– 1994， small scale pilot plant for 2 L catalyst for small scale pilot plant for 2 L catalyst for CO-gas catalyzing synthesis of methyl oxalate and oxalic acid.

Coal-made Glycol :fundamental research and its industrialization

Key program 1Key program 1: new catalysts for green chemistry : new catalysts for green chemistry

coal + air + Hcoal + air + H22O O ＝＝ glycolglycol

Green, economic reactionGreen, economic reaction

•• Technology merit and key breakthroughTechnology merit and key breakthrough–– meritmerit：：industrial grade CO, NO, H2, O2 , and alcohol–– meritmerit：：holds the patents and technology cover the whole

manufactural process and three crucial catalystsbreakthroughbreakthrough：：new dehydrogenation catalyst, highly improve the purification efficiency of the raw gasbreakthroughbreakthrough：：reduce the quantity of the load of the noble metal during the oxo process and keep the activity of the catalystbreakthroughbreakthrough：：improve the selectivity of the hydrogenation reaction via the study of the microstructure-property relationship.

CO

H2

oxalate

coal

glycol

glycol（polyester level）

gasfication

absorption

sepration

rectifcation

dehydrogenationcatalyst Oxo process

Catalyst

hydrogenationcatalyst

pureCO


•• progressprogress–– 2005.062005.06：：cooperate with Shanghai jinmei Co. set up middlemiddle--size size semiworkssemiworks

（oxalic acid 300 Ton/Y, glycol 100 Ton/Y); Dec.900kg/Day methyloxalate；2006.10 100 Ton/Y glycol by hydrogenation process

–– 2006.062006.06：：established Xiamen established Xiamen JintanJintan Co. Co. as the R&D base for the catalyst–– 2006.122006.12：：organization of the organization of the semiworkssemiworks for glycol at tenfor glycol at ten--thousand Ton/Y thousand Ton/Y

scalescale–– 2008.082008.08：：set up the worldwide first glycol plant at 1.2 M Ton/Y scaleset up the worldwide first glycol plant at 1.2 M Ton/Y scale（1st

stage 200 K tons）（ Tongliao Inner Mongolia）.

300 T/Y semiworksXiamen Jintan：R&D base200K T/Y plant

10K T/Y semiworks


The urgency for reliable and efficient alternative electrical power

generation materials becomes increasingly more obvious.

Thermoelectricity offers unparalleled reliability of known thermal-to-

electrical conversion processes. The recent breakthroughs in conversion

efficiency (η) have heightened both awareness and interest in

development of new and improved TE materials. The higher ZT is, the

higher η. ZT = S2T/ρκ.

We focus on the exploration of novel TE materials with new chemical

combinations and new crystal structures, which is the most effective

approach to discover high efficiency TE materials.

Key program 2Key program 2: : High efficiency ThermoelectricHigh efficiency ThermoelectricMaterialsMaterials

The first antimony-based clathrate, Cs8Cd18Sb28, Seebeck coefficient at 300K is 498μV/K, which is remarkable for the known clathrate-I compounds. Therefore the breakthrough of the ZT value is highly possible.

Key program 2Key program 2: : High efficiency ThermoelectricHigh efficiency ThermoelectricMaterialsMaterials

SiO2 Si(99%)

Si for solarcells (6-7N) solar cell Application

Metallurgical Metallurgical methodmethod？？

Background: The Si material is the bottleneck to Background: The Si material is the bottleneck to restrict the application of lowrestrict the application of low--cost solar energy in cost solar energy in China.China.

import

export

export

Key program 3Key program 3: Metallurgical purification of Si: Metallurgical purification of Si

The efficiency of solar cell The lifetime of the minor carrier

Determinedby

The concentraiton of the impurities inSi obtained via metallurgical method

Determinedby

The thermodynamic problemof the impurity in liquid Si

Determinedby

The advantage of FJIRSM: basic The advantage of FJIRSM: basic research in phase diagram, research in phase diagram, structural chemistry & crystal structural chemistry & crystal growth.growth.

To find out our advantageTo find out our advantage


Developed a purification furnace for obtaining 6-7N Si via metallurgical method. Developed a purification Developed a purification furnacefurnace for obtaining 6for obtaining 6--7N Si via metallurgical method. 7N Si via metallurgical method.


A) Viscoidal waste containing CrVI

B) Very difficult to precipitate in the sink

C) Solution containing toxic CrVI

leak from waste dumpscontinuously.

A)A)

B) C)B) C)

Pollution of CrVI -bearing waste from chlorate industry

Key program 4Key program 4: : NanoNano--Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry

Nanosized Mg(OH)2 has a high surface-adsorption affinity and tightly bound with carcinogenic CrVI

Nanosized Mg(OH)2 is very difficult to precipitate

20－30nm Mg(OH)2

Detoxified solids

Solution containing CrVI

General methods:Wash or centrifuge?

Traditional industrial sludge from chlorate industry is actually nanowaste！

Key program 4Key program 4: : NanoNano--Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry

To achieve the removal of CrVI via fast crystal growth

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47(2008), 5619 –5622

A B CA B C

Pilotscale tests in chlorate plant: 1 tonne of CrVI-containing nanowaste was treated, More than 97% of CrVI was effectively removed.

Future plans and strategies for E & EFuture plans and strategies for E & E

Focus on• New catalyst • Solar cell grade Si via metallurgical method

and its’ industrialization• New type of LED and related materials • Li-ion Battery and related materials• Nanosciences and technologies in E & E

What we most expect for WMRIF?What we most expect for WMRIF?

• Promoting close cooperation in the field of E & E

• Interchanges of personnel between institutions

• Support for obtaining budget for international joint project from funding organizations

• Materials network for solution of E&E problems by Materials Science

Welcome to visit our Institute!!

http://www.fjirsm.ac.cn

5-FJIRSM-Huang

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