5.- FILTERED NOCTURNAL EVOLUTION
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5.- FILTERED NOCTURNAL EVOLUTION The data correspond to 17 AWS belonging to the official Catalan Met. Service and located in the oriental Ebro Valley (see figure). The 10 year dataset (1998-2007) consists in hourly data and includes the following variables: • Air temperature at 1.5 m AGL (above ground level). • Relative humidity at 1.5 m AGL. • Wind speed and wind direction at 2.0 m or 10 m AGL. • Precipitation. 2.- DATASET 8thAnnual Meeting of the EMS / 7th ECAC Amsterdam , The Netherlands, 29 September - 3 October 2008 Climatology of the stably stratified nights in the Ebro Valley F. Molinos *, D. Martínez and J. Cuxart Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain *e-mail address: [email protected] 1.- OBJECTIVE 8.- CONCLUSIONS The stably stratified boundary layer is extremely dependent on the topography of the area of interest. The terrain variability inside a drainage valley may cause important differences among the measurements of the climatological stations within. In this study, a set of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) separated a typical distance of 10 km are used to perform a simultaneous analysis of the time series of wind, temperature and humidity of the area surrounding the city of Lleida, in western Catalonia and inside the Ebro Valley. For this purpose, a filter is built to select stable nights (defined as those ones with very weak synoptic winds and clear skies) for the period 1998-2007. Lleida 80 km 50 km Z ( m A G L ) Z ( m A G L ) The Ebro Valley 3.- AVERAGED DIURNAL EVOLUTION 4.- SELECTION OF THE STABLE NIGHTS 7.- NOCTURNAL WIND DIRECTION VARIABILITY Three parameters are defined to select the nights with clear skies and very weak synoptic wind: 1 2 ms n v V n t t i i C T T T set set º 5 . 5 8 RH d : Daily-mean relative humidity. RH s : Average of the relative humidity during the sunlight hours. Night cooling: Humidity index: Nocturnal mean wind: Tset: T at sunset Tset+8: T 8 hours after sunset. The filtered dataset contains 1417 stable nights from a total of 3608 nights (39%). Selected AWS Lleida Cooling, cooling rate and wind speed evolution for the stable nights have been analyzed in all AWS. A representative example is shown for the Gimenells (VH) AWS: Spring Summer Autumn Winter Mediterranean Sea Cantabric Sea FRANCE The wind direction analysis for the filtered nights shows two main behaviors: weak westerly winds and local circulation. roses for five selected AWS. Calm wind is defined as wind with mean velocity less than 0.2ms -1 . • A conditioned climatology for stable stratified nights has been constructed from a set of seventeen AWS datasets and for a complex terrain like the eastern Ebro Valley. • Diurnal evolution of the mean temperature and relative humidity is well defined in all selected AWS and are well correlated. • The filtered nights (39%) show a very similar cooling pattern in all AWS. The total cooling depends on its localization but the intensity is similar during all seasons. Thus, the zone of interest can be divided into two different sectors. • The cooling rate is higher in the first two hours of the night in both sectors. • The wind direction pattern is very different for each AWS due to the influence of the local topography. • The most frequent wind direction for the majority of the AWS during the stable nights corresponds to the presence of Each wind rose shows the two most frequent regimes conditioned by the topography: weak westerlies and drainage flows in case of local circulation. These two regimes are adapted to the local topography around the AWS. Calm wind is strongly variable depending on the AWS. 6.- FILTERED NOCTURNAL COOLING SPAIN Most frequent nocturnal wind direction and general winds rose Diurnal variation of the mean relative humidity (left) and mean temperature (right) for the Raimat (VK) AWS computed for the whole dataset. The diurnal cycle present in Raimat is important in all seasons, like in the rest of the AWS selected (not shown). Correlation for temperature for the different AWS with the distance (left) and for the wind speed (right) Nocturnal evolution of the mean cooling (left), cooling rate (center) and wind velocity (right) Cooling is very similar for all seasons and cooling rate can be divided into three different zones according to its intensity, being the first zone (I) the one with the highest cooling rate. Wind speed decreases with time for all seasons and the weakest winds coincide with the lowest cooling rate (III). Winds rose computed from all the AWS with wind measured at 2 m AGL. According to the wind direction analysis, in many AWS, the most frequent direction corresponds to the local slope winds The composite wind rose for the whole area shows that the most frequent directions are from the East and Southwest (15%), followed by Southeast, South and Northeast (10%). These results reflect, as well, the predominance of the two main regimes mentioned above: weak westerlies and local circulations following the terrain. Excellent correlation for temperature but wind speed is badly correlated due to the influence of the local topography The analysis of the cooling for the whole night at all AWS allows to divide the studied zone into two sectors: low plain (sector I) and plateau (sector II). The cooling and cooling rate has similar behavior in both sectors but the intensity of the temperature drop is larger in the plain. Cooling rate during the first hours after the sunset is higher in sector I than in sector II. 07 , 0 d s d RH RH RH HUM Martínez et al. (2008). Conditioned climatology of the stably stratified nights at the area of Segrià . Tethys,5 (In press). References The Meteorological Met. Service (Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya) is acknowledged for providing the data that has made possible the present study. I II III
description
1.- OBJECTIVE. Climatology of the stably stratified nights in the Ebro Valley. F. Molinos *, D. Martínez and J. Cuxart Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain *e-mail address: [email protected]. 8thAnnual Meeting of the EMS / 7 th ECAC - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of 5.- FILTERED NOCTURNAL EVOLUTION
5.- FILTERED NOCTURNAL EVOLUTION
The data correspond to 17 AWS belonging to the official Catalan Met. Service and located in the oriental Ebro Valley (see figure).
The 10 year dataset (1998-2007) consists in hourly data and includes the following variables:• Air temperature at 1.5 m AGL (above ground level).• Relative humidity at 1.5 m AGL.• Wind speed and wind direction at 2.0 m or 10 m AGL.• Precipitation.
2.- DATASET
8thAnnual Meeting of the EMS / 7th ECACAmsterdam , The Netherlands, 29 September - 3 October 2008
Climatology of the stably stratified nights in the Ebro Valley
F. Molinos *, D. Martínez and J. CuxartUniversitat de les Illes Balears, Spain
*e-mail address: [email protected]
1.- OBJECTIVE
8.- CONCLUSIONS
The stably stratified boundary layer is extremely dependent on the topography of the area of interest. The terrain variability inside a drainage valley may cause important differences among the measurements of the climatological stations within. In this study, a set of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) separated a typical distance of 10 km are used to perform a simultaneous analysis of the time series of wind, temperature and humidity of the area surrounding the city of Lleida, in western Catalonia and inside the Ebro Valley. For this purpose, a filter is built to select stable nights (defined as those ones with very weak synoptic winds and clear skies) for the period 1998-2007.
Lleida
80 km
50
km
Z (m
AG
L)
Z (m
AG
L)
The Ebro Valley
3.- AVERAGED DIURNAL EVOLUTION
4.- SELECTION OF THE STABLE NIGHTS
7.- NOCTURNAL WIND DIRECTION VARIABILITY
Three parameters are defined to select the nights with clear skies and very weak synoptic wind:
12
msn
vV
nt
ti
iCTTT setset º5.58 RHd: Daily-mean relative humidity. RHs: Average of the relative humidity during the sunlight hours.
Night cooling: Humidity index: Nocturnal mean wind:
Tset: T at sunset Tset+8: T 8 hours after sunset.
The filtered dataset contains 1417 stable nights from a total of 3608 nights (39%).
Selected AWS
Lleida
Cooling, cooling rate and wind speed evolution for the stable nights have been analyzed in all AWS. A representative example is shown for the Gimenells (VH) AWS:
Spring
Summer Autumn
Winter
Mediterranean Sea
Cantabric Sea FRANCE
The wind direction analysis for the filtered nights shows two main behaviors: weak westerly winds and local circulation.
Wind roses for five selected AWS. Calm wind is defined as wind with mean velocity less than 0.2ms-1 .
• A conditioned climatology for stable stratified nights has been constructed from a set of seventeen AWS datasets and for a complex terrain like the eastern Ebro Valley.• Diurnal evolution of the mean temperature and relative humidity is well defined in all selected AWS and are well correlated.• The filtered nights (39%) show a very similar cooling pattern in all AWS. The total cooling depends on its localization but the intensity is similar during all seasons. Thus, the zone of interest can be divided into two different sectors. • The cooling rate is higher in the first two hours of the night in both sectors.• The wind direction pattern is very different for each AWS due to the influence of the local topography.• The most frequent wind direction for the majority of the AWS during the stable nights corresponds to the presence of drainage flows.
Each wind roseshows the two most frequent regimes conditioned bythe topography: weak westerlies and drainage flows in case of local circulation. These two regimes are adapted to the local topography around the AWS.
Calm wind is strongly variable depending on the AWS.
6.- FILTERED NOCTURNAL COOLING
SPAIN
Most frequent nocturnal wind direction and general winds rose
Diurnal variation of the mean relative humidity (left) and mean temperature (right) for the Raimat (VK) AWS computed for the whole dataset. The diurnal cycle present in Raimat is important in all seasons, like in the rest of the AWS selected (not shown).
Correlation for temperature for the different AWS with the distance (left) and for the wind speed (right)
Nocturnal evolution of the mean cooling (left), cooling rate (center) and wind velocity (right) Cooling is very similar for all seasons and cooling rate can be divided into three different zones according to its intensity, being the first zone (I) the one with the highest cooling rate. Wind speed decreases with time for all seasons and the weakest winds coincide with the lowest cooling rate (III).
Winds rose computed from all the AWS with wind measured at 2 m AGL.
According to the wind direction analysis, in many AWS, the most frequent direction corresponds to the local slope winds
The composite wind rose for the whole area shows that the most frequent directions are from the East and Southwest (15%), followed by Southeast, South and Northeast (10%).These results reflect, as well, the predominance of the two main regimes mentioned above: weak westerlies and local circulations following the terrain.
Excellent correlation for temperature but wind speed is badly correlated due to the influence of the local topography
The analysis of the cooling for the whole night at all AWS allows to divide the studied zone into two sectors: low plain (sector I) and plateau (sector II).
The cooling and cooling rate has similar behavior in both sectors but the intensity of the temperature drop is larger in the plain. Cooling rate during the first hours after the sunset is higher in sector I than in sector II.
07,0
d
sd
RH
RHRHHUM
Martínez et al. (2008). Conditioned climatology of the stably stratified nights at the area of Segrià. Tethys,5 (In press).
ReferencesThe Meteorological Met. Service (Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya) is acknowledged for providing
the data that has made possible the present study.
I II III
