5 Ecosystem
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Transcript of 5 Ecosystem
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Ecosystems and Communities
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Ecosystem
• All the communities plus the physical factors in the environment in a given area, and how they relate to each other
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Topics
• Energy
• Trophic levels
• Food chains and webs
• Chemical recycling
• Management practices
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Energy
Light energy
PhotosynthesisGlucose Starch
Respiration
Released as ATP
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ATP
• Provides energy for all living processes– Mechanical (movement)– Chemical (new molecules or cells)– Active transport (absorb nutrients)– Electrical (for nerves)– Bioluminescence (e.g. glow worms)
• One way energy flow
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Humans
• Upset energy flow– Block out light– Remove food source
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Trophic Levels
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Energy Pyramids
• 1% light used for photosynthesis– Light falling on a leaf is
• Transmitted• Reflected • Absorbed
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Food Chains and Webs
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Human Affects
• Biological magnification– Chemicals and poisons become more
concentrated in body tissues as you go higher up the pyramid
– Top predators have the highest dose
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• Remove part of the food chain– Cut down forests
• Remove producer• Remove prey - predator suffers• Remove predators - prey population “booms”
then “busts”
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• Introduce exotic species– Rabbits eat grassland– Stoats and weasels
introduced to eat rabbits - ate native birds instead
– Deer (for sport) ate out beech forests
– Possums eat out pohutakawa
– German wasp competes with native birds (honey dew)
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• Removal of too much of an organism
–Overfishing - not enough older fish to reproduce
–Overfarming - don’t return nutrients to soil - create dust bowls covered in weeds