5+ Class 2 - Cause Analysis Page 1 · A problem is negative so a cause should also be negative Root...
Transcript of 5+ Class 2 - Cause Analysis Page 1 · A problem is negative so a cause should also be negative Root...
5+ Class 2 - Cause Analysis
© LS Hub Page 1
Content Page
Cover Page P.1
Content page P.2
Part 1 - Lecture on Cause Analysis P.3-7
Basic Information of Cause Analysis and Steps for Analysis P.3
Level 5 Requirement, Problem and Root Cause P.4
Explain how a cause lead to a problem P.5
How to write process more explanatory and detailed? P.6
Structure, Process and Mark Distribution P.7
Part 2 - Conceptualization P.8-10
Level 1 - Concluding P.8
Retriving Information and Conceptual Term from the source P.9
Level 2 - Defining P.10
Part 3 - Sample Illustration and Exercises P.11-17
Sample Source P.11
Sample Outline P.12
Sample Illustration(1-2 marks, 3-4 marks and 5-6 marks) P.13-15
Exercise Assignment P.16-17
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Cause Analysis (因素分析)
16/5/2018 (Lesson 2)
Name:__________________________ Grade:____________
Your Goal: 5/6 in Cause Analysis
What is cause analysis?
1. Find out the Problem
2. Reason behind the problem
3. How the Reason lead to the Problem
***To explain why a reason lead to a problem
Steps for analyzing causes
1. Identify the problem occuring from the question (Problem of the
issue)
I.e. Explain two factors leading to lack of social mobility.-> Problem
a. What has been done wrong?
b. What is the issue occuring?
2. Identify the root cause (根本) from the sources provided (Explanatory
on P.3)
a. Referring back to the problem (A relationship is formed)
3. Explain how root cause lead to the problem
a. The process need to be clearly explained
b. Explain step by step how a root cause lead to the problem
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Level 5 Basic Requirements:
❏ Identify the problem of the issue
❏ Identify the root cause of the issue (From the sources provided)
❏ Explain deeply on how the root cause leading to the problem
❏ Basic Conceptualization (Level 1 + 2)
Problem of the Issue
➢ What is wrong with the issue?
➢ Something harmful to something (E.g. Harmful to individual,
businesses, environment……)
➢ Leading to some impacts
➢ Some terms commonly used in problems (e.g. Lack of….., depression,
Not enough, conflicts, harmful to, affect, destruct….)
➢ Examples: Lack of social mobility, destruct biodiversity, Not enough
public housing, Depression of students…..)
Root Cause of an Issue (根本)
➢ A problem is negative so a cause should also be negative
➢ Root cause have a relationship with the problem
○ E.g. Problem: Depression, Cause: Too much homework
○ There is a relation between the cause and problem that the
cause can transit into problem
➢ The root cause is the root of the cause, it should be the origin
○ E.g. Cause: Too much HW -> Origin of depression
➢ The cause is negative (E.g. Lack of…., not enough…..)
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Explain how a Cause lead to the Problem
Process Diagram
After identifying the problem and the cause:
Explain how root cause LEAD TO the problem occuring
Your explanation should be:
❏ Explanatory (Clear and can explain)
❏ Step by step (One step leading to one step leading to one step and
finally leading to the problem occurrence)
❏ Root cause -> Phenomenon/consequence ->
Phenomenon/consequence -> Consequence (The problem)
❏ The process need to be described and explained, use connectives such
as: Firstly, secondly, after that, such that, therefore, will lead to ……
E.g. Explain how academic inflation lead to lack of social mobility.
Academic inflation -> More and more academic degrees are available ->
more and more ppl. are available to receive tertiary education -> More
competitiveness -> Hard to climb up or outstand -> Lack of social mobility
(From academic inflation, through 4 processes explaining the reason of lack
of social mobility)
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How to write causes more explanatory and detailed? (Level 5)
Structural Diagram:
You need to clearly explain HOW a phenomenon lead to/affecting another
phenomenon. Connect the relationship between cause and consequence
(causation) 緊扣因果關係
Use connective to connect the process: lead to, such that, then, after that…..
Changing from one phenomenon to another phenomenon:
1. Time-to-time (Phenomenon 1 should happen before Phenomenon 2)
2. Clearly describe the phenomenon change
a. Don’t change step
b. Through logical flow
c. Explanatory (Clearly explain + examples)
d. Refer back to the last phenomenon (Connection)
E.g. How lack of housing affect health?
Lack of housing -> No houses for the poor to live -> No shelter of the poor ->
They need to live in poor places -> Poor places poor hygiene -> Affect health
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Structure and Process
1. Quotation Words 表示語 (E.g. Firstly, Secondly)
2. Topic Sentence (The Root Cause and the Problem)
3. Raise information from the sources
4. Define and explain the meaning of the root cause
5. How the root cause lead to the problem
6. The problem occurence and restate topic sentence
Firstly/Secondly, the cause/factor leading to ________(problem)_________
is _________(root cause)_________. The _________(root cause)_______
means that ______(definition and explanation)_________. From source X,
________(Quote the information from the source)_________. The
________(root cause)_________ will lead to ________(phenomenon /
consequence 1)________ such that will _________(phenomenon /
consequence 2)_______. Then it will _________(phenomenon/consequence
3)_______. Eventually, it will lead to _________(problem)________.
Therefore, the cause/factor leading to ________(problem)_________ is
_________(root cause)_________.
Paragraph 1 ~ Factor 1
Paragraph 2 ~ Factor 2
TWO factors, TWO paragraph (3 marks per factor x 2 = 6 marks):
1m - Identify and explain the cause 1m - Explanation (How…..lead to……) 1m - Explanation (Advanced Lv5 or above)
x 2 (2 factors) 6 marks
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Conceptualization (Level 1)
Retriving Information and Explanation from the Source
To generalize/conceptualize the source.
To conclude the information from the source using few simple words in
order to get a root cause
Case Conceptualization
E.g. Annie is a mother who ignores and neglects her son. Whenever her son
ask her something, she ignores and don’t cares about her.
Conceptualization -> Using one term to conclude the information above ->
Uninvolved Parenting Style (Conceptualization)
Group Conceptualization
E.g. Apple, Orange, Grape, Pear, Mango -> Fruits (Conceptualization)
E.g. Light pollution, noise pollution, lack of housing -> Urban problems
From a group of terms, use one term to conclude the group of terms shown
above -> Conceptualization
Exercise
Use a term to conceptualize the following items:
1. Teacher-to-student, parent-to-child, peer-to-peer
_________________
2. Using wind-power can reduce generation of fossil fuels such that it is
good and sustainable to the environment. _________________
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Getting causes and conceptualizations from the source (Reading
Comprehension)
To generalize the information from the sources by using conceptualization.
1. Find out the problem from the source
2. From the problem of the source, find out the root cause
Source - A conversation between mother and daughter
Daughter: Mum, I get 99 marks in my Chinese dictation.
Mother: What? Only 99 marks? I expect you to get 100 marks. You did totally
bad. (Hit the daughter by smashing and kicking her)
Conceptualization and generalizalization:
The Conceptual Term: Authoritarian Parenting Style (Leading impact and root
cause)
Problem: Hit the daughter -> Violence (Conceptualization)
Cause: Different expectations (Conceptualization)
Common Mistakes
1. Cannot identify the root cause/cause is not the root
2. Cannot connect relationship between the cause and the problem
a. Need to do and explain it step-by-step
3. Lack of conceptualization/generalization
4. No/lack of explanation
5. Structure is messy and unclear, follow the logical flow
6. Wrong Concept
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Conceptualization (Level 2)
Definition (定義) - To define about the concept ~ Level 2
From level 1, after you get the conceptualized term. You will need to define the
term. To define, you will need to provide the definition and the meaning of
the term. Actually in LS, this is just a part of concept definition ->
Conceptualization
E.g. Quality of Life -> Quality of life is the people’s satisfaction towards material
life and spiritual life. (Just simply define it)
Requirements of Conceptualization (Definition):
1. Use less than 20 words to define the meaning
2. Use your own words to show your understanding (Not ability of
memorizing)
Structure for conceptualization (definition)
______(Conceptual Term)_______ is the ________(Meaning)____________.
Exercise: More and more people have university degree and it causes
competitiveness. -> 1. Conceptual
Term:________________________________
2. Definition:______________________________________________________
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Sample Illustration
Source: Adapted from Education Bureau (CDI) (Module 1 - Personal
Development and Interpersonal Relationship P.147-P.148)
The following is a conversation between Janice and her mother: Janice: Mom, can we get a new computer? I can’t share with Stephy anymore. Mom: You spend so much time on the computer, who knows if you’re doing homework, or just chatting with your friends or playing games. If your grades go down, you’re a doomed failure. I don’t know why you need … Janice: But Mom, we both need to spend a lot of time searching for information on the computer for our projects and homework. I need one of my own. Mom: You are always asking for this and that … new mobile phone, iPad … When I was at your age, we did not have much money and I had to do housework and help out at your grandfather’s store to earn some pocket money which I saved up. We could not afford a TV, needless to say any kind of electronic devices like the ones you now enjoy. Janice: Mom, life is different now. A computer is a necessity … Mom: You just listen and don’t talk back to me. Look at your brother John, with his university scholarships, he still works part-time and contributes to support us monthly; and young Stephy, she is so much better than you! She was first in class and awarded a prize for Academic Excellence in primary school. Janice: Of course! You spend so much time with her, helping her with her homework, and she gets the best of everything, PlayStation Vita (video game), a new phone … But what about me? You don’t know anything about me and my needs! You just complain about my schoolwork! You hate my friends, criticise my behavior, my clothing … You don’t care if I do well! I can never meet your expectations and I’ll never be as good as them! Mom: Well, you seem to find it very difficult to listen to me, and I find it very difficult to make you understand …
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With reference to the source, identify and explain TWO factors leading to
interpersonal conflict between Mom and Janice. (6 marks)
Problem
Root Cause
Process Diagram
Explanatory Process:
Root Cause
Phenomenon / Consequence 1
Phenomenon / Consequence 2
Phenomenon / Consequence 3
Leading to the Problem
Conceptualization Involved :
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Sample Essay (1-2/6 marks)
The cause is lack of communication. From the source, the last sentence
said from the mom that it seemed difficult to find Janice to listen to her and it
is very difficult for Janice to understand. This means that they have lack of
communication so they do not know each other much so it lead to conflict
between them.
The another cause is background. From the source, Janice wants to have
a computer but Mom explains that she doesn’t have a computer when she was
young. This means that they have different background so they have different
opinions and there are conflicts between them.
Criteria Rating Criteria Rating
Structure Root Cause
Identify Problem Describe Process
Conceptualization Overall
Sample Essay (3-4/6 marks)
One of the cause leading to conflict between Janice and Mom is lack of
communication. From the source, the last sentence stated that the mom
seemed difficult to find Janice to listen to her and it is very difficult for Janice to
understand. This implies that there is a communication problem between the
parent and child where they have lack of communication such that Janice
found difficult to listen and understand the mother. In such case, when
daughter doesn’t understand the mother, then some conflicts will arise due to
miscommunications. Therefore, it lead to conflicts between Janice and mom.
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The another cause leading to conflict between Janice and Mom is
different background. From the source, Janice wants to have a computer but
Mom explains that she doesn’t have a computer when she was young. This
implies that Janice in a new generation is common to have a computer but
Mom’s generation is not common to have a computer, leading to a difference
of background such that both parties will have different opinion towards
whether having a computer or not. As different people have different opinion,
conflicts arise due to different opinions. Therefore, this will lead to conflict
between mother and son.
Criteria Rating Criteria Rating
Structure Root Cause
Identify Problem Describe Process
Conceptualization Overall
Sample Essay (5-6/6 marks)
Firstly, one of the cause leading to conflict between Janice and
Mom is lack of communication. From the source, the last sentence stated that
the mom seemed difficult to find Janice to listen to her and it is very difficult
for Janice to understand. This implies that there is a communication problem
between the parent and child where they have lack of communication such
that Janice found difficult to listen and understand the mother. Both parties
cannot communicate due to their not enough communication so the opposite
party cannot listen or understand each other. Interpersonal relationship is built
by various communications. In such case, when daughter doesn’t understand
the mother, then some conflicts such as communication problems will arise
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due to miscommunications. They don’t understand each other well so opinions
may have different ideas so it will lead to conflict. Therefore, it lead to conflicts
between Janice and mom.
The another cause leading to conflict between Janice and Mom is
different background. From the source, Janice wants to have a computer but
Mom explains that she doesn’t have a computer when she was young. This
implies that Janice in a new generation is common to have a computer but
Mom’s generation is not common to have a computer, leading to a difference
of background such that both parties will have different opinion towards
whether having a computer or not. Parent-to-child relationship is formed by a
parent and a child in different generations. Different generations cause a gap
(generation gap) As different people have different opinion, especially in
different background and generations, conflicts such as arguments,
miscommunications will arise due to different opinions. They don’t understand
the background of each other so it may cause friction and conflicts between
the parent and child. Therefore, this will lead to conflict between mother and
son.
Criteria Rating Criteria Rating
Structure Root Cause
Identify Problem Describe Process
Conceptualization Overall
________________________________________________________________
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Exercise Assignment
Source A: A conversation between two married couple
Annie: Husband, I want to have a baby.
Benny: No, feeding a baby needs $10,000,000. Not like in our age that
simple.
Annie: But I want to have a baby, this is the responsibility of a married couple
to continue the generation.
Benny: But the current situation doesn’t allow us. Thus, I think babies are
disturbing and annoying.
Annie: Oh you don’t love me anymore. Let’s divorce.
Benny: Well, you seem to find it very difficult to listen to me, and I find it
very
difficult to make you understand …
Source B: Adapted from a newspaper report dated 6 September 2017
Sandy To Sin-chi, a Hong Kong-based sociologist, said the soaring divorce rate could be partly attributed to changing attitudes among women, who have a greater sense of their own worth.
“Women are now less willing to tolerate an unhappy marriage,” To said. “They are more independent and financially equipped, and they can opt out if things go wrong.”
The rise in the number of failed marriages is a major concern for the government, however, as it regards families as the building blocks of a stable society.
(a) With reference to source A, source B and your own knowledge, identify and
explain TWO factors that lead to divorce of married couples. (6 marks)
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