5 Best Lower Body Muscle Function Tests

8/6/2019 5 Best Lower Body Muscle Function Tests

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Dr Mark McKean PhD AEP CSCS

THE 5 BEST MUSCLE FUNCTION TESTSOF LOWER BODY FUNCTION FORPT'S


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IDEAL HIP POSTURE


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LUMBAR CURVE

Anterior curve

Normal curve isslight curve not toodeep and not tooflat


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LUMBARCURVE

An increase in normal depth of lumbar

curve ANTERIOR TILTNormal depth of lumbar curve -

NEUTRAL

Decrease in normal depth of lumbarcurve P OSTERIOR TILT


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PELVIC ANGLE

ASIS aligned with Pubic bone

PSIS between 0 o-20 o abovehorizontal line to ASIS


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PELVIC ANGLE

PSIS greater than 20 0 above horizontal line

of ASIS ANTERIOR TILT

PSIS between 0 o-20 o above horizontal line of ASIS -NEUTRAL

PSIS below horizontal line from ASIS P OSTERIOR TILT


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HIP J OINTS

H ip and knee aligned verticallywith trunk

180 o at hip joint


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HIP J OINT ANGLE

Increase in hip joint angle with neutral

knees ANTERIOR TILT

H ip and knee aligned vertically with trunk -NEUTRAL

Decrease in hip angle through to extension P OSTERIOR TILT


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2 OUT OF 3 RULE


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ANTERIOR TILT (2 OF 3)

Increase in normal lumbar curve

more than 200

angle betweenPSIS- ASIS

Flexion of hip joint angle withneutral knees


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POSTERIOR TILT (2 OF 3)

Decrease in lumbarcurve

PSIS is lower than ASIS

Extension of hip jointangle with neutralknees


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MUSCLE FUNCTION TEST 1POSTERIOR CHAIN


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FORWARD BEND TEST

1. Indicates calf musclelength

2. Indicates hamstringlength

3. Indicates backextensor length


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RESULT 1 C ALF LENGTH

Short calf

Legs lean backwards from ankleH ips move backwards more than 3-4 cm from vertical

Normal calf

Legs remain close to verticalLong calf

Legs lean forward of vertical


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CONFIRMATION TESTS

T ight calf

Sit and reach toes cannot reach normal dorsi flexionrange

Knee to wall test knee should reach wall if toes 10-12cm from wall

CorrectingTricep surae stretches

Dorsi flexion strengthening


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RESULT 2 HAMSTRING LENGTH

Sacrum should reach 10 0 short of horizontal

Should be able to rest a glass/bottle on sacrum withoutfalling off

Reduced angle ( < 10 0)means hamstrings behaving short

Increased angle (> 0 0 ) means hamstrings behaving long


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CONFIRMATION TESTS

Short hamstrings

Straight leg raise lumbar flexes before 1200

Sit and reach sacrum does not rotate forwards

Long hamstrings

Straight leg raise flex hip joint past 1200

Sit and reach sacrum rotates forwards more thanlumbar flexes


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RESULT 3 P ARASPINAL MUSCLE LENGTH

Lumbar hyper flexion

Lumbar spine flexes more than hip

More common in 18-45 yr olds and more common men thanwomen, and especially tall men

Lumbar hyper extension

H ips flex more than lumbar spine

Common in people older than 55 and shorter people. Also seenmore in obese people with protruding abdomen

Common in anterior tilts, swayed upper backs and lumbarlordosis


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CONFIRMATION TESTS

For H yper flexion

Seated knee extension look for a greater than normalposterior tilt

Straight leg raise lumbar flexes before 120 0

For H yper extension

Seated knee extension causes an increase in lumbarlordosis

Standing shoulder flexion increases lumbar lordosis


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SEATED KNEE EXTENSION

H yper flexion behaviour


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SHOULDER FLEXIONSTANDING

H yperextensionbehaviour


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IMPLICATIONS

Squat movement pattern?

Short calf Short hamstrings

H yperflexion

H yperextension


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MUSCLE FUNCTION TEST2

1 & 2 JOINT HIP FLEXORS


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THOMAS TEST


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RESULT 1 1 JOINT HIP FLEXOR

Short - thigh above parallel or knee higher than hip joint

Short ITB

will provide a false positive if knee kept straightNormal thigh parallel

Long thigh below parallel


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Short hip flexors Long hip flexors


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RESULT 2 2 JOINT HIP FLEXOR

Short knee angle less than 80 0

Long 1 joint hip flexors will produce afalse positive for short 2 jointmuscles and knee will need to belifted back to parallel thigh positionto get accurate measure

Normal knee angle reaches 80 0

Long knee angle greater than 80 0


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COMBINATION 1 & 2 JOINT SHORTNESS


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RESULT 3 ITB-TFL

Shortness indicated by any combination of

Increased abduction of the hip as seen from above, as thehip is placed into extension. The more the hip is extendedthe amount of abduction will increase.

The patella will tend to move laterally as the thigh extendsdue to the tension of the TFL on its normal position.

The thigh may tend to internally rotate

If the leg is unable to abduct, the tension in TFL may causethe knee to extend more than normal knee moves out to theside

Normal knee remains in line with hip and shoulder


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RESULT 4 S ARTORIUS

Shortness indicated by any combination of three or moreof the following actions.

Abduction of the hip taking the knee out to the side

Flexion of the hip causing the knee and thigh to raiseabove horizontal position

External rotation of the hip taking the knee outside that of the foot when viewed from the top

Increased flexion of the knee beyond its normal position if the hip does not abduct.


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IMPLICATIONS

Normal gait

Long/Short 1 joint flexors

Long/Short 2 joint flexors

Short I TB -T FL

Short Sartorius


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MUSCLE FUNCTION TEST 3TRUNK-H IP FLEXION & EXTENSION


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RESULT 2 - HIPS

Strong/normal follows on from trunk curl andcompletes the full movement

eak /disassociated timing between trunk flex and hipflex not smooth and person will lift with flat back, or failto lift


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TRUNK HIP EXTENSION

The hip trunkextension testconsists of twoactions in a similarfashion to the hiptrunk curl test.

The hip extensors firststabilise the pelvis,which allows thelumbar extensors toraise the trunk off thefloor.


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RESULT 1 STRONG TRUNK

Trunk will lift in partial extension

Hips may not move or lumbar may hyperextend

ASIS may press into the floor


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W EAK GLUTES


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RESULT 2 STRONG HIPS

Pelvis may tilt posteriorly

Trunk may not arch or achieve partial arch

ASIS may lift off the floor


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WEAK BACK LESS COMMON


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IMPLICATIONS

Poor connection between upper and lower

eak glutesPelvic tilt


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MUSCLE FUNCTION TEST 4HIP ROTATORS


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HIP ROTATION

Testing positions


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RESULT 1 SHORT LATERAL ROTATORS

Stand with lateralrotation of femur

Toes out stance

May haveposterior tilt

May overusehamstrings as hipextensor


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RESULT 2 SHORT MEDIAL ROTATORS

May stand withmedial rotated

femur and toes in

May have anteriortilt

May over useITB / T FL as hip flexor

eak externalrotators


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STRAIGHT LEG RAISE

Normal range is80 0 with back flatto the floor


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RESULT 1 SHORTHAMSTRINGS

Failure to reach normalrange before lower back

lifts off the floor orlumbar spine hyperflexes


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RESULT 2 LONG HAMSTRINGS

ROM beyond normalrange even with

normal flat backposition


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RESULT 3 POOR ACTIVE ROM

W hen active ROM fails to get within 10 0 of passiveROM


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IMPLICATIONS

G ait

Pelvic tilt


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DR MARK MCKEAN

Post Doctoral Research FellowUniversity of Sunshine Coast - Fitness [email protected]

5 Best Lower Body Muscle Function Tests

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