5- Air Pollution

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AIR POLLUTION


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The sources and effects of air pollutants

Air pollutant Sources Effect

Dust, soot andsmoke

Forest fire

Burning of rubbish

Industrial activities

Low visibility

Breathing difficulties

Reduction in the rate

of photosynthesis

Sulphur dioxide

and nitrogen

oxides

Burning of petrol

Smoke from factories

Industrial activities

Acid rain which

destroys buildings

and aquatic habitats

Carbonmonoxide

Cigarette smokingSmoke from motor

vehicles

Brain damageDeath


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Air pollutant Source Effect

Carbon dioxide Burning of fossil

fuelsBurning of rubbish

Global warming as

a result of thegreenhouse effect

Chlorofluorocarbon

(CFC)

Aerosol sprays

Electronics

factories

Damage to the

ozone layerSkin cancer and

eye diseases

Lead Burning of leaded

petrol

Damage to the

kidneys, heart andbrain

Mental retardation

in children


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Steps needed to prevent and control air

pollution

Everyone should take interest in the issueof air pollution and be aware of the step thatneed to be taken to prevent and control airpollution.

The steps to prevent and control airpollution are ;

- Enforcement of anti-pollution laws- Managing pollutant


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Local law and its function

Types of laws Function

EnvironmentQuality Act, 1974

Protects, controls and beautifies theenvironment.

Environment

Quality Law(clean air), 1978

Controls the release of pollutants into

the atmosphere from factories and theopen combustion of industrial waste.

Motor Vehicle

Law (Control and

Gas), 1977

Control the emission of excess smoke

from motor vehicles.

Diesel engine owners will have to pay afine if the black smoke released from

their exhaust pipe exceeds the fixed

limit.


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Types of laws Function

Environment

Quality Law(Reduction of

Plumbum and

Motor Gasoline),

1985

Reduces the percentage of lead in

petrol from 0.84g/l to 0.15g/l beginning1990.

Local

Government Law

Act (Collection

Disposal andIncineration of

Rubbish

(section 9)

Constantly updates the method of

disposing and burning rubbish


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Enforcement of anti-pollution laws

- Industrial activities

must not be carried

out in residential

areas.- Factories should be

set up far away from

residential areas.


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- Opening burning isbanned.

- People caught for

open burning of

rubbish will be

punished


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- The chimneys of

factories must be built

to a certain height.

- This ensures thatsmoke and soot are

released into the

upper atmosphere


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Managing pollutants

- Removal of sulphur

and lead from fuels.

- This help to reducethe release of

sulphur dioxide and

lead into the air.


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- Use of catalytic

converters to make

the poisonous fumesfrom car engines

harmless.

- Catalytic converters

can reduce the

release of nitrogen

oxides, carbon

monoxide andhydrocarbons into the

air.


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- Use of electrostatic

precipitators fitted on

chimneys to trap the

particles of dust,smoke and soot.

5- Air Pollution

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