5-A-1 GSM-To-UMTS Training Series 21_HSDPA Principles_V1_0
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI Confidential
Internal
Principles of HSDPA
GSM-to-UMTS Training Series V1.0
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Change History
Zhang Bibo
lThe GPRS coding scheme is
added in P5.
lComparison of the HARQ and
IR is added in P26.
lBasic concepts are added in
the footnotes of P4, 20, 21, 26,
27, 37, and 44.
1.12009-01-08
Gao BoInitial draft1.02008-12-20
AuthorDescriptionRevision versionDate
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Objectives
[ Similarities and Differences Between
HSDPA and GPRS
[ Basic Concepts and Features of HSDPA
[ Key Technologies of HSDPA
[ Physical Channels of HSDPA
[ Data Transmission and Flow Control of
HSDPA
l In this course, you will learn:
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Contents
Chapter 1 HSDPA vs GPRS
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts and Features of HSDPA
Chapter 3 Key Technologies of HSDPA
Chapter 4 Physical Channels of HSDPA
Chapter 5 Data Transmission and Flow Control of HSDPA
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HSDPA vs GPRS&EGPRS
Multiple access
technology:
TDMA+CDMA
Multiple access
technology:
FDMA+TDMA
AMC: Adaptive
modulation and
coding
MCS1 to MCS9CS1 to CS4 coding
Modulation:
16QAM, QPSK
Modulation:
GMSK, 8PSK
Physical channel:
HS-DSCHPhysical channel:
PDTCH
Scheduling: Channel
condition, delay,
fairness
Scheduling:
User priority
HSDPA GPRS&EGPRS
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Contents
Chapter 1 HSDPA vs GPRS
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts and Features of HSDPA
Chapter 3 Key Technologies of HSDPA
Chapter 4 Physical Channels of HSDPA
Chapter 5 Data Transmission and Flow Control of HSDPA
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HSDPA Basic Concepts
HSDPA = High Speed Downlink Packet Access
An Important Feature of the 3GPP R5
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HSDPA Features
HSDPA is a WCDMA solution offering higher speed downlink data services.
l Peak data rate in DL: 14.4 Mbit/s
l Shorter delay
l Higher downlink code and power efficiency and larger downlink capacity
l Flexible cell resource allocation
l More high speed user access
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Contents
Chapter 1 HSDPA vs GPRS
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts and Features of HSDPA
Chapter 3 Key Technologies of HSDPA
Chapter 4 Physical Channels of HSDPA
Chapter 5 Data Transmission and Flow Control of HSDPA
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Overview of HSDPA Key Technologies
AMC Fast SchedulingHARQ (Hybrid ARQ)
16QAMSF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM 3 New Physical Channels
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HSDPA Key Technologies
Fast scheduling (2 ms subframe and
scheduling)
AMC (supporting QPSK and 16QAM)
HARQ
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Fast Scheduling Basic
If a little part of the 10 ms frame (15 timeslots) cannot be decoded
properly, the whole frame is retransmitted 10 ms later.
If a 2 ms subframe (3 timeslots) cannot be decoded properly, only
this 2 ms subframe is retransmitted. The HARQ process of other 2
ms subframes (a maximum of 6) can continue transmitting data.This greatly improves the resource usage on the air interface.
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Fast Scheduling
lScheduler can be based on
lCDM, TDM
[ Channel condition
[ Amount of data in the queue (delay)
[ Fairness
[ Cell throughput
Scheduling principle:
Based on channel conditions
in short terms;
Based on the throughput and
fairness for users in long terms.
l Basic schedulers
[ Round Robin (RR)
[ Max-C/I
[ Proportional Fair (PF)
All codes towhich
HSDPAtransmission
is mapped
(5inthis example)
Data to UE#1 Data toUE#2 Data to UE#3 CodeCode
Time
Fast scheduling enables effective allocation of available cell and code resources and improves the cell throughput.
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Share and Scheduling of the Shared Channel
Scheduling with four users
CDM+TDM
Scheduling with four users
CDM+TDM
All codes
reserved for
HSDPA
transmissio
n2ms
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Users to transmit
data
Power
Channel code
Data attributes
Fast Scheduling Process
Scheduling Algorithm
Available resources
Required resources
Middle statistics
Input of the scheduling algorithm:
1. Available resources, including power and channel code resources
2. Required resources, including users, data, retransmission, capability evaluation of
the air interface, channel power, uplink and downlink compression gap of the channel,
and discard timer.
3. Middle statistics of the scheduling algorithm, such as the waiting time and average C/I.
Output of the scheduling algorithm:
User to transmit data, power, channel code, data attributes (including queue ID, Xrv,
invalid data packet discarded)
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Max C/I Scheduling Algorithm
Features:
1. The max C/I scheduling algorithm allocates resources to the user with the max C/I in
one TTI.
2. This scheme provides the maximum cell throughput, because the users provided
with services are in best channel conditions.
3. The scheme, however, fails to guarantee fairness for users. In fact, users on the cell
edge receive large penalty and great impact because of too much service delay and
signal quality deterioration.
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RR Scheduling Algorithm
Features:
1) The RR scheduling algorithm adopts the "First in First Allocated" principle for users.
2) The users have high fairness at the cost of high system overhead and high expenseof system throughput (spectral efficiency ).
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HSDPA Key Technologies
Fast Scheduling (2 ms subframe and
scheduling)
AMC (Supporting QPSK and 16QAM)
HARQ
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CQI Mapping Table (Category 10)
016-QAM152555830
0
016-QAM121723726
016-QAM101441125
016-QAM81141824
016-QAM7971923
016-QAM5716822
016-QAM5655421
.........
016-QAM5356516
0QPSK5331915
0QPSK4258314
0QPSK4227913
0QPSK3174212
0QPSK26507
0QPSK14616
0QPSK13775
0QPSK13174
0QPSK12333
0QPSK11732
0288000QPSK11371
Out of rangeN/A0
XRVNIRReference power adjustment DModulationNumber of
HS-PDSCH
Transport Block SizeCQI value
AMC scheme recommended by the protocol
Adopt corresponding TB size, modulation mode,and TX power based on the CQI
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Link Emulation - AMC
AMC (AMC (Adaptive modulation and channel codingAdaptive modulation and channel coding)) PerformancePerformance
The AMC modifies the TX
parameters based on the
instantaneous channel
condition and optimizes the
data rate.
The AMC performance is
affected by channel quality
strategy error and feedback
delay in channel fading.
For low data rate, the AMC
has better performance thanthe fixed MCS.
For high data rate, the
AMC has worse
performance than the fixed
MCS
AMC gai n
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
- 12 - 11 - 10 -9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3
HS-DSCH Ec/N0(dB)
Throughput(kbps)
TU5(Fi xed MCS) TU5(AMC)
TU30(Fi xed MCS) TU30( AMC)
TU120(Fi xed MCS) TU120(AMC)
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AMC Process
The UE measures the RX channel.
The UE provides the CQI.
The NodeB filters and corrects the reported CQI to obtain the actual CQI
(Channel Quality Indicator).
Configure the number of channels, TX power, modulation mode based on the
CQI, amount of data to be transmitted, and available power and code resources.
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HSDPA Key Technologies
Fast Scheduling (2 ms short frame and scheduling)
AMC (supporting QPSK and 16 QAM)
HARQ
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Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)
Traditional ARQ
Decode received transport blocks
Check for the CRC errors in the decoded
transport blocks
Errors exist
Discard the block with errors
Request retransmission
Hybrid ARQ
Decode received transport blocks
Check for the CRC errors in the decoded transport
blocks
Errors exist
Store instead of discard the block with errors
Request retransmission
Combine the newly received retransmission
block with the previous blocks
Combined processing
Increment redundancy
HARQ helps reduce retransmission time and increase cell throughput.
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HARQ Concept
HSDPA is a technique where the transmitter sends the new set of
parity bits if the previous transmission fails (NACK) and receiverbuffers the failed decodes for soft combing with future
retransmissions.
The RV parameter indicates different code bits transmit in IR buffer.
Different RV parameter configurations support:
Chase Combining (CC) (retransmission of the same coded data)
PIRPartial Incremental Redundancy (PIR) (systematic bitstransmission first)
Full Incremental Redundancy (FIR) ( parity bits transmission first)
Use different r parameters and set of puncture bits for different
retransmission. This ensures average coded bits transmission.
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HARQ Gain
One retransmission gain for different retransmission scheme
8.44.33.53.1FIR Gain (dB)
6.53.63.33.1PIR Gain (dB)
3.03.03.03.0CC Gain (dB)
3/42/31/21/3Code Rate
The IR scheme, which preferentially transmits parity bits,
has average effective codes bits after retransmission. The
HARQ gain is prominent especially in high coded rate.
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Link Emulation - HARQ
HARQ Performance
HARQ reduces the impactHARQ reduces the impact
by channel measurementby channel measurement
errors and feedback delayerrors and feedback delay
and provides the AMCand provides the AMC
performance gain.performance gain.
Higher Speed, higherHigher Speed, higher
HARQ gainHARQ gain
HARQ Gai n over AMC
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
- 12. 5 - 11. 5 -10. 5 - 9. 5 -8. 5 - 7. 5 - 6. 5 - 5. 5 - 4. 5 - 3. 5HS-DSCH Ec/N0(dB)
Throughput(kbps
)
TU5(AMC+HARQ) TU5(AMC)
TU30(AMC+HARQ) TU30( AMC)
TU120(AMC+HARQ) TU120(AMC)
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Link Emulation CC and IR
The HARQThe HARQ--based IR provides the performance gain.based IR provides the performance gain.
Static Channel
0.1
1
Ec/Ior
BLER
First Transmission CC Full IR Partial IR
PA3
0. 1
1
Ec/I or
BLER
Fi rst Transmi ssi on CC Ful l I R Parti al I R
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Contents
Chapter 1 HSDPA vs GPRS
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts and Features of HSDPA
Chapter 3 Key Technologies of HSDPA
Chapter 4 Physical Channels of HSDPA
Chapter 5 Data Transmission and Flow Control of HSDPA
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HSDPA Physical Channel MappingT ra ns po r t C ha nne l s
D C H
R A C H
C P C H
B C H
F A C H
P C H
P hy s i ca l C ha nne l s
D ed i ca ted Ph y s i ca l D a t a Ch an n e l (D PD CH )
D ed i ca ted P h y s ica l Co n t ro l Ch an n e l (D P CC H )Ph y s ica l Ran d o m A cces s Ch an n e l (PRA CH )
Ph y s ica l Co m m o n Pack e t Ch an n e l (PCP CH )
Co m m o n P i l o t Ch an n e l (CPICH )
Pr i m ary Co m m o n Co n t ro l Ph y s ica l Ch an n e l (P -C C P C H )
Seco n d a ry Co m m o n Co n t ro l Ph y s ica l Ch an n e l (S -C C P C H )
Synchroni sa t ion Channel (SCH)
Acq uis it ion Ind ica t o r C hannel (A ICH )
Access Pream ble A cqu i s it ion Ind ica tor C hannel (A P - AIC H)
Paging Ind ica to r Ch an n e l (P ICH )
CPC H S t a tu s In d ica to r Ch an n e l (CSICH )
Col l i s ion - D etec t ion /Channel - Ass ig nment Ind ica tor
Ch an n e l (CD /CA -IC H )
D S C H Ph y s ica l D o w n l i nk Sh a red C h an n e l (PD SCH )
H S-D S CH -re la t ed Sh a red Co n t ro l Ch an n e l (H S-SCC H )
H S-D SCH H i g h Sp eed Ph y s ica l D o w n l in k Sh a red Ch an n e l (H S-PD SCH )
D ed i ca t ed Ph y s ica l Co n t ro l Ch an n e l (u p li n k ) fo r H S -D SCH (H S-D PC CH )
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Associated Channel DPCH
Besides the 3 physical
channels, there is anther
dedicated channel DPCH,
which is called associated
channel in the HSDPA. The
DPCH is used for signaling
transmission and power
control.
The DPCH normally does
not carry services, but it can
carry real-time services
such as the AMR (multipleRABs: CS+PS)
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HSDPA Physical Channel
HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH are
both downlink shared channelsshared by all user. How can
users know when and on which
channel the users data is
transmitted?
HS-SCCH is like a soldier holding the flag at the
first row of the queue. The UE continuously
monitors the HS-PDSCH subframes addressed to it
on the sets of the HS-PDSCHs. Upon receiving an
HS-PDSCH frame for the UE, the UE physical layerdemodulates the subframe. Otherwise, no
response is performed.
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Physical Channel Timing
Align the HS-SCCH with the P-CCPCH. The HS-PDSCH has two slots difference with the HS-
SCCH. The UE demodulates the HS-PDSCH according to the HS-SCCH.
The HS-SCCH and PDSCH are both common channels. Therefore, there is no timing between
the HS-SCCH/PDSCH and the DPCH.
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH
3 slots = 2 ms
DPCH
DPCH
Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 0P-CCPCH
2 slots
3 slots = 2 ms
Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot
15 slots = 10 ms
Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4
Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2)=1
10 ms
Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4
HS-DPCCH
3 slots = 2 ms
~7.5 slots
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Physical Channel Slot Format (3): HS-DPCCH
Features of the uplink HS-DPCCCH
2 ms TTI (3 slots), SF=256, rate: 15 kbit/s, bearing 2 types of HSDPA uplink physical layer signaling,
including the ACK/NACK and CQI
ACK and NACK notify the NodeB of the UE has received correct downlink data. Definition of the field:
1-Nack, 0-Ack
CQI is a metric that reflects the physical channel quality indicator based on the CPICH, and is
reported periodically. The period ranges from 0 to 160 ms. 0 means no transmission. Normally the
period is 2 ms (every TTI).
ACK/NACK and CQI have different functions and therefore can be controlled independently by
different parameters.
ACK/NACK/CQI can be configured with the number of repeat transmission (max: 4) to improve the
TSTD gain.
S u b f r a m e # 0 S u b f r a m e # i S u b f r a m e # 4
H A R Q - A C K C Q I
O n e r a d i o f r a m e T f = 1 0 m s
O n e H S - D P C C H s u b fr a m e ( 2 m s )
2 T s l o t = 5 1 2 0 c h i p sT s l o t = 2 5 6 0 c h i p s
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Transmit Power of the HSDPA Physical Channels
PHSDPA (HSDPA total transmit power) PHS-PDSCH+PHS-SCCHThe HS-PDSCH transmit power can be adjusted by the NodeB
according to the following factors:CQI
Amount of transmitted data
Available power allocated to the HS-PDSCH
Available codes allocated to the HS-PDSCH
The transmit power of the HS-SCCH can use:
Fixed power transmission (outdoor: 5%; indoor: 3%)
A fixed power offset between the HS-SCCH and the DL associated
channel. The transmit power of the HS-PDSCH is usually greater
than that of the associated channel to ensure that the associated
channel keeps a proper transmit power.
The HS-DPCCH transmit power has a power offset based on the UL
DPCH.The slot bearing the HARQ-ACK/NACK and that bearing the CQI can
have different power offsets.
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HSDPA Channel Mapping (1)
When RAB is mapped to the HS-DSCH, the DCH is required to be
configured to transport UL RLC ACK information and possible UL data,
regardless of whether there is UL data to be transported.
The figure in the next page describes the scenario of DL TRB carried onthe HS-DSCH and SRB and UL services on the DCH. In soft handovers,
there may be one or more DCHs, but there is only one HS-DSCH.
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HSDPA Ch l M i (2)
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HSDPA Channel Mapping (2)
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Contents
Chapter 1 HSDPA vs GPRS
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts and Features of HSDPA
Chapter 3 Key Technologies of HSDPA
Chapter 4 Physical Channels of HSDPA
Chapter 5 Data Transmission and Flow Control of HSDPA
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Flow Control for a Single User
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Flow Control for Iub Interface
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Flow Control for Iub Interface
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HSDPA Data Transmission and Flow Control
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HSDPA Data Transmission and Flow Control
HSDPA flow control is implemented in the MAC-hs. The MAC-hs has fourfunctional entities: flow control, scheduling/priority handling, HARQ, and TFRI.
Flow control is used to control data flow from MAC-d or MAC-c/sh to satisfy air
interface capability and reduce delay and congestion. Flow control of the data
stream from MAC-d with individual priority is independent.
Position of flow control in the MAC-hs entity
Position of flow control in
the MAC-hs entity
Flow control
Scheduling/Priority
handling
Resource allocation
&HARQ
TFRC
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