5-1 How Do Volcanoes Erupt.notebook -...
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51 How Do Volcanoes Erupt.notebook 1 May 05, 2015 May 57:41 PM Volcanoes Chapter 5 May 57:43 PM How does a volcano erupt?
Transcript of 5-1 How Do Volcanoes Erupt.notebook -...
51 How Do Volcanoes Erupt.notebook
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VolcanoesChapter 5
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How does a volcano erupt?
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Where are volcanoes found on the Earth's surface?
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Where are volcanoes found on the Earth's surface
A volcano is a mountain that forms in Earth's crust when molten material or magma reaches the surface
magma= a molten mixture of rockforming substances, gases and water from mantle
lava= when magma reaches the surface
after lava or magma cool = solid rock
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Volcanoes and Plate Boundaries
In general, volcanoes form in a regular pattern on the Earth
form in great long belts
belts form along plate boundaries
divergent crust fractures and magma comes to surface
convergent one plate sinks; water is brought down
with plate, helps form magma that rises
Ring of Fire major belt; rim of Pacific Ocean
North America, South America, Japan,
Philippines
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Divergent Boundaries
Volcanoes form along MidOcean Ridge
long under water mountain ranges with rift valley in the
center
lava pours out of the rift valley; builds new mountains
these can also form on land rift valley in Africa
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Converging Boundaries
Through subduction one plate sinks; older, denser sinks creating a deep ocean trench
Water in plate leaves the crust,rises to the mantle
mantle melts
magma forms and rises; can break through to form
volcano
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Resulting volcanoes can make string of islands called island arc
curve follow the curve of the deep ocean trench
major island arcs include Japan, New Zealand,
Aleutians, and Caribbean
Ocean plate subducted under a continental plate produce volcanoes in Andes Mountains in South America and Mt. Rainer and Mount St. Helens
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Hot Spots
Not all volcanoes form along plate boundaries
result from hot spots in the mantle
Hot Spot area where material from deep within Earth's mantle rises through crust and melts to form magma
volcanoes can form above a hot spot
hot spots stay in place while the plate moves
can lie close to plate boundaries
can lie in the middle of a plate
Yellowstone , or Hawaii
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Lesson 1 How Do Volcanoes Erupt
Volcanic belts form along plate boundaries of Earth's plates
A volcano forms above a hot spot when magma erupts through the crust and reaches the surface
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