5 1 2018-NAPS-01 A New Concept For Perforating That ... · A composite solid propellant cap for the...

2018-NAPS-01AUTHORS:LarryAlbert,NadirNery*,HemaPrapoo,Allied-HorizontalWirelineServices;DennisKwok,GraceJiang,ARECOTechnology;PengDai,BoQu,RuitongEnetechInternational

*- Presentingauthor

ANewConceptForPerforatingThatIntegratesPropellant andShapedCharges

Casing

CementFormation

CrushedZone

FormationPenetration

TotalPenetration

Gun

EntranceHole

Standoff

ShapedCharge

Perforating– TheProblemCompactionandReducedPermeability

Theindustryhasbeenworkingtosolvetunnelcompactionandimproveperforationpermeabilityfordecades.

2018-NAPS-01 /ANewConceptForPerforatingThatIntegratesPropellantandShapedCharges

Thesesolutionsweredesignedprimarilyforverticalwells,notforhorizontalplugandperforating.

SeveralSolutionshavebeendevelopedtoattempttosolvetheproblem.Theseinclude:

• UnderbalancedPerforating• OverbalancedPerforating• DynamicUnderbalancedPerforating• SolidPropellant(sticks ofpropellantpost-perforating)• CompositePerforating(combinationofsolidpropellant

andperforating)• OverGunBodySolidPropellantSleeves• InternalGunBodySolidPropellantDiscs

Slide2

Linkbetweenpe

rforatin

gandhydraulicfrac

Perforating– SolidPropellantWorksSolidpropellanthasproventobeaneffectivemethodtobreak-uptunnelcompactionandimprovereservoirpermeability.Pressurebuildupisthekey:

Propellant

Perforating

HydraulicFracturing

• Perforatingwithhighenergyexplosivesreleasesenergyveryquickly(microseconds)crushingtheformation

• Solidpropellantreleasesenergy1,000timesslower(milliseconds),thepressurepulsefracturescompactedzoneandformation

• Hydraulicfracturingreleasesenergyoverseconds/minutescreatingfracturesintheformation


Propellant

Slide3

• Typicalunconventionalreservoirshaveverylowpermeability

• Wellsarehorizontalandperforatinggunsaredeployedbypumpingthemdown

• Perforationtunnelcompactionfurtherreducesreservoirpermeability

• Perforationtunnelcompactionresultsinhigherfracbreak-downpressuresandrestrictedsanddeployment

• Aclean,highlypermeableperforationtunnelhelpsfractureinitiationandenablesbettersandplacement

• Overandunderbalanceperforatingarenotgoodsolutionsforpump-downoperations

• Ifsolidpropellantsareutilized,solutionmustbecomposite(perforationandpropellantinonedeployment)

• Overgunbodysolidpropellantsleevesarenotcompatiblewithpump-downcompletions

• Currentsolidpropellantsolutionsdeflagratepropellantwithincasing(sleeves)orgunbody(discs)

significantlyreducingenergydeliveredtotheperforatingtunnel

Anewproductwasneededtoallowsolidpropellanttodeploytotheperforationtunnelbeforedeflagration;therefore,deliveringmaximumenergytoremovecompactionandimprovereservoirpermeability.

Perforating– HorizontalistheNewNormalWhydoweneedanewsolutionforUnconventionalHorizontalCompletions?Thelistislong.

2018-NAPS-01 /ANewConceptForPerforatingThatIntegratesPropellantandShapedChargesSlide4

LoadedChargeHolderTube

Perforating– CompositeChargeistheKeyAcompositesolidpropellantcapfortheperforatingshapedchargeisthekeytodeflagrationintheperforationtunnel.

PropellantCase

Outer Casing

Explosives

Conical liner

SolidPropellant(13.5g)

TheCompositeperforatingchargeconsistsof...


Propellant

Case

1.89in.

1.89.1.0in.

PropellantCase

CompositeCharge

Stan

dardSha

pedCh

arge

Slide5

Perforating– CompositeChargeistheKeyAcompositesolidpropellantcapfortheperforatingshapedchargeisthekeytodeflagrationintheperforationtunnel.

• Theshapedchargedetonatesandinitiatestheperforation.

• Astheperforationjetisformed,superhighpressure(morethan145,000psi)isproducedwithinthegunbody.

• Underthissuperhighpressure,propellantwon’texplode.

• Asthejetisformed,pressureintheperforationtunnelislowcomparedtopressureinsidethegunbody.

• Thepropellantmaterialinthecaseontheshapedchargefaceispushedintotheperforationtunnelfollowingthejet.

• Thepropellantdeflagrateswithintheformationasthejetenergyextendsthetunnel.

• Thedeflagrationofthepropellantreleasesenergydirectlytotheformation,generatingmultiplefracturesandbreakingthroughthetunnelcompactedzone.


Perforating– PropellantDeflagratesinPerforationTunnel

Akeyobjectiveforthecompositechargewasthedeflagrationofthepropellantinsidetheperforationtunnel.Toprovethisconceptatestwassetupwithahighspeedcameratocapturethedeflagrationprocess.


WaterFilledGlassContainer

CompositeChargeinGun/CasingTestJig

Test SetupGlass

container300mmhigh,filledwithwater

Slide7

Perforating– PropellantDeflagratesinPerforationTunnel

Ahighspeedcamera(50,000framespersecond)wasusedtocapturethedeflagrationprocessinatestjig.

Nothing captured, charge is ignited

Jet penetrates steel into water. Propellant

starts burning

20μs

More propellant burns. Jet reaches bottom of

containerPropellant deflagration

continues

Deflagration continues towards bottom of container

Deflagration ending; however, the bottom

shows ongoing burning.

40μs 340μs100μs 160μs0μs

• High-speedcameracapturedimagesofperforationandpropellantdeflagrationin3millisecondsrealtime.

• High-speedphotosindicatethepropellantdeflagratedinsidetargetandwithintunnel.


CapturedbyHighSpeedCamera

Observations

Slide8

ShapedChargedetonates

Propellantdeflagrates

PressureTestChamber

Perforating– PerforationTunnelPressureTestAtestchamberwassetuptomeasuretheperforationtunnelpressuresduringtheperforatingevent.Thepressureparameterswereobservedonthep-tcurvefortheCompositeCharge.


Afterashockwavepressureformedbyshapedchargemainexplosive,thesecondarypressurepeakproducedbypropellantdeflagrationis5500psi(38Mpa);thepropellantpressurepeaklasts20msatpressure>2900psi(20Mpa).

Slide9

Perforating– SurfaceTestingofCompositeCharge

Atestwasconductedtocompareaconventionalshapedchargeandthecompositechargeindifferentmaterialtargets.

• Experimentobjective:Compareperforationholesizeandtargetfracturingforcompositechargeandconventionalperforatorinasimulated,confined(stressed)spaceinsteelandsandstonetargets

• Shapedchargesameforbothtests

• EnvironmentalConditions:Roomtemperature,standardatmosphericpressure

SandstoneTargets


Design of experimental device

Composite Conventional

Casing

GunBody

ShapedCharge

Propellant

ShapedCharge

Sandstone Sandstone

Slide10

Perforating– SurfaceTestingofCompositeCharge

Testresultsshowcompositechargeenlargedtheperforationtunnelandfracturedthesandstonetarget.

Aluminum molds of perforations

CoFracConventional

Conventional Shaped Charge Composite Perforating System


Perforating– ProvenFieldResultsThenewcompositeperforatingsystemhasbeendeployedinover5,000wellsinChina.TheseChinesereservoirshaveverylownaturalpermeability,similartoUSAunconventionalreservoirs.

CoFracPerforating

ConventionalPerforatingResults:Composite perforation system had higher initial production. Avg. 65.7 bbls/day for first 7 days. Conventional 35 bbls/day avg. over 7 days.

Composite 30.7bbls/day higher, 88% increase

Composite perforating system had slower decline rate. Day 8 to 25 avg. 36.4 bbls/day. Conventional only 25.7 bbls/day.

Composite 10.7 bbls/day higher, 42% increase

After day 25, avg. Composite 35/day; Conventional 15 bbls/day.Composite 20 bbls/day higher, 133% increase

7 New Wells Performance Evaluation4 wells – Composite Perforating System3 wells – Conventional Perforating* Fracturing equipment and procedures same for both groups.



Results:Composite perforating system had higher initial production. Avg. 23 bbls/day for first 7 days. Conventional avg. 16.8 bbls/day over 7 days.


Composite perforating system had slower decline rate. Day 8 to 25 avg. 9.6 bbls/day. Conventional 7.5 bbls/day.


After day 25, avg. Composite 8.9 bbls/day, Conventional 6.1 bbls/day.

Composite 2.8 bbls/day higher, > 46% increase

12 Well Refrac Performance Evaluation:7 wells – Composite Perforating System5 wells - Conventional Perforating * Fracturing equipment and procedures same for both groups.CoFracPerforating

ConventionalPerforating



From2009to2012,GanguyiOilfieldselected6wellsinsameformationandareaandconductedacomparisontest.

Undersamewellconditions,oilproductionwasmonitoredfor34monthsfor3wellscompletedwithCompositeperforatorand3wellswithConventionalperforator.

Compositeperforatingsystemwellshadhigherinitialoilproductionandslowerdeclinerates.For34monthsperiodtotalproductionwas31,191bblsforCompositewells,and9,424bblsforConventionalwells,anincreaseof21,767bbls(+231%).

CoFracPerforatingConventionalPerforating

Extended Test over 34 months


THANKYOUQUESTIONS?

2018-NAPS-01AUTHORS:LarryAlbert,NadirNery*,HemaPrapoo,Allied-HorizontalWirelineServices;DennisKwok,GraceJiang,ArecoTechnology;PengDai,BoQu,RuitongInternational

Slide15

5 1 2018-NAPS-01 A New Concept For Perforating That ... · A composite solid propellant cap for the...

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