4th ME Report draft 30112012- f.pdf

7/27/2019 4th ME Report draft 30112012- f.pdf

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Fourth Monitoring ReportMangroves Raised by Coastal Forest DivisionSindh Forest Department, Government of Sindh

At Shah Bundar

Sindh Coastal CommunityDevelopment Project

(SCCDP)

November, 2012

International Union for Conservation of Nature,Pakistan


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Prepared by IUCN Pakistan

IUCN Pakistan Country Office,

1, Bath Island Road, Clifton, Karachi-75530

Tel: ++92 21 35861540-3

Fax; ++92 21 35861448, 35835760


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Table of Contents

I-INTRODUCTION04

II-SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING....04

III-METHODOLOGY ..05

i. Pre-Planting Site Selection.05

ii. Post-Planting Monitoring...05

iii. Assessment of Survival/Success Percentage of Mangrove Plantations..05

iv. Assessment of Planting Process and Approach06

IV-FINDINGS OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION 07

V-DISCUSSION..08

i. Techincal Aspect of the Project..08

a. Estimated Survival Percentage08

b. Plant Growth08

c. Choice of Species and Planting Methodology .09

d. Area Planted...10

e. Container Plant Nursery .10

ii Planting Process and Approach ..14

a. Community Engagment14

b. Organizational Collaboration14

VI-CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.14

GIS MAP....16

ANNEXURE I : .....17


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I. INTRODUCTIONThe ADB-funded Sindh Coastal Community Development Project (SCCDP) is beingimplemented by the Sindh Coastal Development Authority (SCDA) in the coastalareas of Thatta and Badin through government agencies (Sindh Forest Dept., SindhFisheries Department, and District Governments) and non-government organizations

(NRSP and IUCN) each with different roles and responsibilities.

The objectives of the project are to:

i. Diversify household income generation options and access to service inways sustainable to the fragile ecosystem

ii. Improve coastal zone management by stabilizing environmental

degradation, protecting coastal areas from accelerated erosion

iii. Strengthen institutional capabilities for coastal zone planning anddevelopment and management of fisheries resources

The complex nature of the project demands effective cooperation betweenorganizations for successful implementation of the project in order to achieve the

following outputs:

iv. Sustainable community managed income generating mangrove stands,pond/raft fisheries, and shell fisheries established

v. Transparent and accountable community driven mechanisms foridentification, implementation and operations and maintenance of civil

works and public services in place.

Under the sub-component Improved Coastal Management, IUCN Pakistan is taskedwith the planning and implementation of community planting, management and

environmental assessment of aquaculture in the coastal areas of the Thatta andBadin districts. IUCN Pakistans key roles in the Sindh Coastal CommunityDevelopment Project are:

vi. To implement the Community Mangrove Planting component of theproject 350 Ha on community owned property.

vii. To monitor and evaluate both the 350 ha area and the planting of 8000

Ha of mangroves by the Department of Forestry on government ownedland.

viii. To monitor environmental impacts of the aquaculture related activities

to be undertaken as part of the project.

In the role of consultant IUCNP has been working very closely with NRSP and SindhForest and Fisheries departments for the implementation of SCCDP.

II. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF MONITORINGThis monitoring and evaluation report pertains to reportedly 2000 Ha of newmangrove plantation carried out in Shah Bundar by the Coastal Forest Division -Sindh Forest Department (CFD-SFD) during 2012 as per following details.


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# Name of Sit e Total Area ( Ha) Planted Year of Plantat ion

i Shah Bundar 2000 2012

Total 2000The objectives of the present monitoring report are as follows:

i. To assess quantity and quality of mangrove rehabilitation work undertakenby CFD-SFD under the project during the current year and report the sameto Project Executing agency.

ii. To assess natural regeneration within the planted areas which wasemerging or surviving as a result of protection efforts by Sindh Forest

Department.

iii. To provide positive technical feedback to the CFD on deficiencies inimplementation of the mangrove rehabilitation component.

iv. To enhance the overall outcome of the mangrove rehabilitation sub-

component.

III. METHODOLOGYIUCN Pakistan has developed a framework for monitoring the process with

approaches adopted for monitoring the 8000 Ha of plantation done by the SindhForest Department under the project. The methodology follows the specifiedguidelines and indicators prescribed by the monitoring framework which involvesseveral steps:

i. Pre-Planting Site SelectionTo establish a baseline, the sites were reconfirmed and intensively visited byIUCN staff jointly with the staff of the Coastal Forestry Division (CFD) of the

Sindh Forest Department during the month of March 2012. GIS map was thenshared with the Project Director, SCCDP and DFO-CFD, Karachi.

ii . Post -Planti ng M onito ringMonitoring of mangrove areas is a daunting task in terms of their inter-tidal

characteristics and remoteness which are subject to tidal phenomena, in turn

limiting access to these areas. Hence, the ability to access and monitor plantedareas is subject to suitable tide and weather conditions.

i i i . Assessment of Survival/ Success Percent age of Mangrove PlantationsThe assessment of the survival percentage of mangrove planted areas is one ofthe important indicators identified in the monitoring framework. This assessment

helps in evaluating effectiveness of planting approach, choice of species,protection measures, etc. adopted by CFD. It also provides a useful insight forsubsequent corrective measures based on the lessons learnt.

In order to assess the survival and success percentage of the new and previously

planted areas, a Simple Random Sampling (SRS) approach was adopted. SRS is awidely used sampling approach to make inference about population from data


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collected through the independently selected samples. Using SRS, randomlyselected geographic locations were identified within the sites planted under the

project at Shah Bundar and Keti Bundar. The randomization was undertaken onthe basis of the extent of both East longitudinal and North latitudinal coordinatesencompassing the entire planted areas.

The random sample locations were identified using quick random calculator whichis available at http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/randomn2.cfm. Based onthis, sampling locations were identified for data collection at Shah Bundar fornewly planted areas. The sample plots were well distributed to represent theentire planted areas. The list of randomly selected coordinates is annexed(Annexure I).

The randomly selected sample plots were located using GPS. At each samplinglocation, fixed area plots measuring 10 m x 10 m were laid out. The sample plotswere laid using a systematic procedure measuring 10m from the point of origintowards north, then 10m towards east, then 10m towards west and finally

measuring 10m towards west (point of origin) to complete the square grid. The

same procedure was adopted to lay out a sample plot on the opposite side.

At each sample plot, data pertaining to the number of surviving plants, number ofdead plants, type of species, height of plants, leaf count, etc. was recorded indata sheets developed for the purpose. In addition, natural regeneration and oldnaturally growing mangrove plants were also counted within each sample plotbesides recording of general topographical and biological conditions, grazing, soilcondition etc.

The field collected data was compiled using Microsoft Excel Spread Sheets andanalyzed for their statistical significance. The data was analyzed to calculatevarious statistical parameters including, mean, variance, standard deviation to

estimate statistical significance of the sample data and make inference about thepopulation. The significance of sample data was analyzed by applying t-teststatistic using 0.05% significance level (95% confidence). Based on this analysisconclusions were drawn about the mean plant survival of new plantations andsuccess percentage.

Data were recorded from 40 sample plots which were selected from the locationswithin the current year planting sites at Shah Bundar, as per following details.

No. of Sampling Locations Year of Planting40 Shah Bundar 2012

iv . Assessment of Planting Process and ApproachThis was undertaken through physical verification of planted sites and discussionwith the field staff on planting approach, process and protection measuresadopted to safeguard the planted areas. Photographs were also taken to know

ground position of at various site locations.


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IV. FIN DIN GS OF MON ITORING & EVALUATIO NIt needs to be kept in mind that monitoring and evaluation is a continuous processthroughout the project period and the data and findings of this report will continue to

evolve. The findings and analysis presented in this report pertain specifically to theon-ground situation at the point in time when this M&E was undertaken i.e. Nov

2012. This situation may vary during the subsequent M&E of the same areas. Thesummary of findings covering the various important parameters is shown as follows:

# Parameter Findings

i. Site Selection The sites planted during 2012, confirm with the

sites identified by IUCN jointly with CFD atShah Bundar

ii. Area Planted Shah Bundar 2000 Ha

iii. Choice of species Rhizophora mucronataAvicennia marina

Ceriops tagaliv. Planting Pattern The planting pattern was linear block with

overall 10x10 space plants to plants and row

to row.

v. Survival Percentage 61.5%

vi. Species wisesurvival

Rhizophora mucronata 58%Avicennia marina 34%Ceriops tagal 7%

vii. Planting Process andApproach

SFD continued conventional approach bydeploying the local community, CBOsidentified by the NRSP for raising nurseries andplantations. The local population has started

appreciating the mangrove plantation work asthey are end users.

Viii Adopted Protection

Measures

The department has deputed their regular staff

(4 Forest Guards) to preserve and protect theyoung mangrove plantation in the project area.Since there is pressure of camel grazing inShah Bundar, a force of 15 chowkidars

(Guards) have also been deployed to protectthe plantation and also to undertake weedingand cleaning operation in young growth.

Recovery of Old Natural Mangrove Vegetation

Estimation of Old

Natural Growth

The old mangrove natural growth has started

flourishing due to the protection of the area.

Figure 1 Natural Flourishing Mangrove Plantation


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V. DISCUSSIONBased on field visits, the following observations related to technical aspects andadopted planting approach have been recorded and are commented as follows.

i. Technical Aspect of the Projecta. Estimated Survival Percentage

Based on statistical analysis of the field data the mean survival % in the

mangrove areas planted under the project at Shah Bundar for years2012 is summarized in Table I. The survival estimates have been testedagainst 95% significance level.

Table I: Survival/success % of Mangrove Areas Planted at ShahBundar under SCCCDP

Site

Survival Success %

%

Margin of Error@ 95%level of confidence

Shah

Bundar

61.5% (5 %)

Overall 61.5% 5%

The most obvious reasons for a lower level of success appeared to bethe poor seed year for mangroves in Pakistan. The seed growth vigor

was poor and this along with some wrong selection of species for

planting i.e. planting ofRhizophorain high lands/low lands and barren

mudflats, resulted in a low rate of inundation in highlands and washingin low lands. This also caused planted propagules to be flushed awaydue to fast receding tidal flows in low lands. At some places the barrenmud flats with high soil salinity were also tackled.

b. Plant GrowthAt Shah Bundar the growth ofRhizophorawas good as observed in the

grassy mudflats covered with sparse natural vegetation ofAv icen n ia.

The height ofRhizophora plants varied from 8-20 and leaf count 6-8

leaves in plantations raised in 2012. The height ofAv icenn ia plants

varied from 5-8 and leaf count observed was 4-6 leaves. The height of

Ceriops Tagalplants varied from 5-8 and leaf count 2-6.

The damaged natural vegetation with stunt growth due to overgrazing

by camels was also found recovering at various places due to continuedprotection.


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Figure 2 Rhizophora Growth in one block at Shah Bundar

c. Choice of Species and Planting MethodologyUnder the technical features of the project, two main species of

mangrovesAv icen n iaand Rhizophorahave to be planted in mixed and

single species clusters, in belts of 50 to 100 meters width, and at a

density of approximately 1100 plants per Ha. However, the specificdefinition of cluster has not been prescribed in the PC-I. Unlessotherwise specified, the density of 1100 plants/Ha prescribed in the PC-I appears to reflect the normal practice of raising mangrove plantation

blocks at 10x10 spacing i.e. one plant per nine square meters.

The field observations revealed that separate and mixed blocks of single

species have been planted at both the sites. The Av icenn iawas planted

using seeds and Ceriopsand Rhizophorawere sown through propagules

directly.

The current species composition in the areas planted Shah Bundar

during 2012 includes Rhizophora(58%);Av icenn ia(34%) and Ceriops

(7%). Much balanced and diverse species composition was observed at

Shah Bundar in the areas planted during this year.

Table II: Species-wise Survival/success % at Shah Bundar and

estimated coverage#

Species

Year of Planting

2012

(%)Est. Area

(Ha)

1 Rhizophora mucronata 58 1160

2 Avicennia marina 34 680

3 Ceriops tagal 7 140

4 Blank 1 20

Total 100% 2000

The higher survival percentage of all mangrove species was observedon grassy mudflats with scattered natural growth ofAv icen n ia. Hence,


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it is advised to plant Rhizophoraonly in grassy mudflats. Completely

barren and High-lying/low-lying mudflats should be avoided for

Rhizophoraplanting.

d. Area PlantedBased on GIS maps the actual area planted at Shah Bundar has beenestimated to be 2014 Ha against the reported area of 2000 Ha. The netdifference in actually planted area and reported area comes to 14 Haagainst the total target of 2000 Ha allocated to SFD-CFD under theproject.

Figure 3 Field Data Collection- IUCN & CFD Team in Field at Shah Bundar

e. Container Plant NurseryAt Shah Bundar and Keti Bundar, two mangrove nurseries wereestablished during 2011 and were restocked from March to May, 2012 at

both sites. Approximately, 285,520 saplings of various mangrove species

were observed in both nurseries during field monitoring in the month ofNovember 2012 as indicated in Table, V & VII. At Keti Bundar the stockposition observed was 123,500 and at Shah Bundar the stock positionwas 162020 respectively.

As per stock register of CFD the stock position reported at Keti Bundar is135,500 which are reflected in Table, VI and at Shah Bundar are180,673 which are reflected in Table VIII. The overall stock positionshown on both sites is 316,173. The difference of plants in nursery stock

is about 30,653 as per calculation.

The overall picture of opening stock balance at CFD nurseries, new

raising and stock consumption species wise is shown in Tables VI andVIII.


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Figure 4 Nursery at Shah Bundar

Table V: Container Plant Stock Position at Keti Bundar Nursery

# Species No of BedsSaplings Per

Bed

Total No of

Saplings

1Rhizophora mucronata

41 1280 44,280

36.5 1120 40,880

7 1080 7,560

14.5 800 11,600

Sub-total 104,320

2 Avicennia marina 10 1280 12,800

3 Blank polythene bags 05 1280 6,400

Grand Total 123,500


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Table VI: Container Plants Raising as per Stock Register at Keti BundarNursery

# Month SpeciesOpening

Balance

New

RaisingConsumption

Closing

Balance

1 Nov:2011 Rhizophora 209000 - 100000 109000

Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

Ceriops tagal 10000 - - 10000

2 Dec:2011 Rhizophora 109000 - - 109000

Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

Ceriops tagal 10000 - 10000 -

3 Jan: 2012 Rhizophora 109000 - 30000 79000

Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

4 Feb:2012 Rhizophora 79000 - 34000 45000

Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

5 Mar:2012 Rhizophora 45000 133000 20000 158000Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

6 Apr: 2012 Rhizophora 158000 66670 25000 199670

Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

7 May:2012 Rhizophora 199670 - - 199670

Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

8 Jun: 2012 Rhizophora 199670 - - 199670

Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

9 Jul: 2012 Rhizophora 199670 - - 199670

Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

10 Aug:2012 Rhizophora 199670 - 20000 179670Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

11 Sep:2012 Rhizophora 179670 - 10000 169670

Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

12 Oct: 2012 Rhizophora 169670 - 9670 160000

Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

13 Nov:2012 Rhizophora 160000 - 35000 125000

Avicennia 10500 - - 10500

Total - 199670 293670 135500

Table VII: Container Plant Stock Position at Shah Bundar Nursery

# SpeciesNo ofBeds

Saplings Per BedTotal No ofSaplings

Nursery I

1 Rhizophora mucronata 13 2220 28,860

2 Avicennia marina 8.5 2220 18,870

5 1800 9,000

15 1440 21,600

3 1200 3,600

Sub-total 53,070

3 Ceriops tagal 13.5 2220 29,970

4Aegiceruscorniculatum

1 1800 1800


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7 1200 8,400

26 900 23,400

Sub-total 33,600

Total Nursery I 145,500

Nursery II

1 Avicennia marina 21 560 11,7602 Rhizophora mucronata 8.5 560 4,760

Total Nursery II 16,520

Grand Total 162,020

Table VIII: Container Plants Raising as per Stock Register at Shah BundarNursery

Month SpeciesOpening

Balance

New

Raising

Consump

tion

Closing

Balance

Nov: 2011

Rhizophora 10000 - 10000 -

Avicennia 150000 - 30000 120000

Ceriops tagal 30000 - 15000 15000Aegicerus sp. 30000 - 15000 15000

Dec: 2011

Rhizophora - - - -

Avicennia 120000 - - 120000

Ceriops tagal 15000 - - 15000Aegicerus sp 15000 - - 15000

Jan: 2012

Rhizophora - - - -

Avicennia marina 120000 - - 120000

Ceriops tagal 15000 - - 15000Aegicerus sp. 15000 - - 15000

Feb: 2012

Rhizophora - -

-

-

Avicennia 120000 - 20000 100000Ceriops tagal 15000 - 5000 10000

Aegicerus 15000 - - 15000

Mar: 2012

Rhizophora - 133333 - 133333Avicennia 100000 - - 100000Ceriops tagal 10000 - - 10000

Aegicerus 15000 - - 15000

Apr: 2012

Rhizophora 133333 66670 50000 150003Avicennia 100000 - - 100000Ceriops tagal 10000 - - 10000

Aegicerus 15000 - - 15000

May: 2012

Rhizophora 150003 50000 - 200003

Avicennia 100000 - - 100000

Ceriops tagal 10000 16670 10000 16670

Aegicerus 15000 - - 15000

Jun: 2012

Rhizophora 200003 - - 200003

Avicennia 100000 - - 100000


Aegicerus 15000 - - 15000

Jul: 2012

Rhizophora 200003 - 45000 155003Avicennia 100000 - 25000 75000

Ceriops tagal 16670 - - 16670Aegicerus 15000 - - 15000


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Aug: 2012

Rhizophora 155003 - - 155003

Avicennia 75000 - - 75000


Aegicerus 15000 - - 15000

Sep: 2012

Rhizophora 155003 - 55000 100003

Avicennia 75000 - - 75000Ceriops tagal 16670 - 16000 670

Aegicerus 15000 - 10000 5000

Oct: 2012

Rhizophora 100003 - - 100003Avicennia 75000 - - 75000Ceriops tagal 670 - - 670

Aegicerus 5000 - - 5000

Nov: 2012

Rhizophora 100003 - 10000 100003Avicennia 75000 - 30000 75000Ceriops tagal 670 - 15000 670

Aegicerus 5000 - 15000 5000

Total - 266673 376000 180673

ii. Planting Process and Approach

a. Community Engagement

The planting process followed by SFD-CFD represented a conventionalapproach, mixed with community engagement in the process. The indirect

role of NRSP in community mobilization for mangrove planting component wasfound satisfactory, as community members from the organized communitiesparticipated in the plantation campaigns.

IUCN Pakistan organized trainings jointly with SFD before the start of plantingseason wherein the participating communities, field staff, laborers andplantation watchers were trained in different aspects of mangrove plantingprocess including site selection, choice of species and nursery raising.

b. Organizational Collaboration

As per project design, IUCN has been assigned role of continuous monitoringof mangrove component throughout the project life. This role could only beeffectively discharged if both SFD-CFD and IUCN work closely in mangrove

component implementation. However, there is a need to improve exchange of

information by SFD-CFD on a regular basis for timely and effective monitoringand feedback.

VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Overall conclusion is that the Sindh Forest Department has attemptedthe target of mangrove plantation over 8000 ha assigned to themunder SCCDP with over all satisfactory level of survival or success. In2012 the net area planted has been estimated 2012 ha againstreported areas 2000 ha by SFD. The observed percentage of survivalhas been estimated 61.5% at Shah Bundar which may be considered

as reasonably good success considering the adverse Silvicultural and

climatic factors. However the rate of growth and overall health of theplantations were found good.


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2. In the newly planted area the natural seedlings and wildings of

Avicennia are coming up very well but they need immediate thinning inorder to reduce the competition for food, light and space among theyoung growth. In this area there s a history of grazing of camels andlive stock, in order to protect them from tampering especially in winter

season when the forage and fodder is scarce inland. The protectivestaff has to be very vigilant round the clock. It is therefore,recommended that in future interventions, SFD shall considerprotection as a priority. Any new mangroves plantation should only beconsidered as supplemental plantation in the left over blank areaduring the subsequent years.

3. Moreover, maintenance of the plantations especially young one is veryimportant. There is a frequent change in climatic conditions andoceanographic regime, which disturbs the growth rate of mangroveplants. Most of our plantations are still young and require continuous

maintenance. Unfortunately, the community/CBOs are still reluctant to

take the full charge of the mangroves plantations. As a result, SFDhas to play its limited role in maintenance of young plantations in

future. Various coastal community development works has built-upsome expectations in terms of some monetary benefits within thecoastal community. This has led to slow down activities underenvironmental awareness raising programs.

4. Despite the delay in starting the project, SFD has shown good progressin restoration of mangroves. Initiatives involving communities havebeen largely successful. However, future work will depends uponstrategic priorities set out by the programme and upon donorresponses to related project proposal.


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Annexure I: List of Randomly Selected Coordinates

Based on http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/randomn2.cfm

Shah BundarNorth Latitude (Extent 24

003 50 to 24

007 17) East longitude (Extent 67

046 40 to 67

050 25)

# North Latitude East Longitude1 N 24 06' 27" E 67 49' 13"

2 N 24 06' 28" E 67 48' 11"

3 N 24 07' 06" E 67 48' 31"

4 N 24 05' 45 " E 67 47' 25"

5 N 24 04' 47" E 67 47' 13"

6 N 24 04' 59" E 67 48' 33"

7 N 24 05' 53" E 67 47' 58"

8 N 24 05' 34" E 67

47' 22"

9 N 24 07' 04 " E 67 49' 25"

10 N 24 04' 23" E 67 47' 34"

11 N 24 06' 00 " E 67 47' 34"

12 N 24 04' 00" E 67 47' 57"

13 N 24 06' 20" E 67 46' 53"

14 N 24 06' 02" E 67 49' 53

15 N 24 04' 29" E 67 46' 57"

16 N 24 06' 42" E 67 50' 25"

17 N 24 05' 20" E 67 48' 20"

18 N 24 06' 40" E 67 47' 42"

19 N 24 05' 06" E 67 47' 26"

20 N 24 06' 47" E 67 50' 03"

21 N 24

05' 05" E 67

47' 50"22 N 24 04' 21" E 67 47' 00"

23 N 24 04' 13" E 67 48' 01"

24 N 24 04' 11" E 67 47' 30"

25 N 24 05' 39" E 67 47' 32"

26 N 24 04' 37" E 67 48 '24"

27 N 24 05' 23" E 6747' 51"

28 N 24 07' 11" E 67 48' 13"

29 N 24 04' 20" E 6747' 43"

30 N 24 04' 18" E 67 47' 12"

31 N 24 04' 49" E 6748' 46"

32 N 24 05' 00" E 67 48' 45"

33 N 24 06' 31" E 67 49' 46"

34 N 24

05' 30" E 67

47' 05"35 N 24 06' 04" E 67 49' 44"

36 N 24 07' 00" E 67 49' 02"

37 N 24 05' 49" E 67 48' 27"

38 N 24 06' 46" E 67 49' 56"

39 N 24 06' 23" E 67 47' 17"

40 N 24 04' 44" E 67 49' 00"

4th ME Report draft 30112012- f.pdf

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