4G.ppt

M-CommerceM-Commerce

Fourth Generation (4G)

By Prof T.R. Vaidyanathan

4G (Fourth 4G (Fourth Generation)Generation)

Fourth generation (4G) technologies are bringing high-speed broadband devices and services to the wireless world, erasing any clear distinction between customers in the home or outside the home. To be precise, mobility and the internet are getting married.Where 3G networks were really about the technology, 4g networks are both a technology and a business information. From the technology point of view, there is strong pressure on companies’ to demonstrate a high return on investment and help reduce short-term risks.


A 4G system may upgrade existing communication networks and is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure IP based solution where facilities such as voice, data and streamed multimedia will be provided to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis and at much higher data rates compared to previous generations.4G technologies are sometimes referred to by the acronym "MAGIC," which stands for Mobile multimedia, Anytime/any-where, Global mobility support, integrated wireless and Customized personal service


4G is the short term for fourth-generation cellular wireless, the stage of broadband mobile communications that will super cede the third generation (3G). While neither standards bodies nor carriers have concretely defined or agreed upon what exactly 4G will be, it is expected that end-to-end IP and high-quality streaming video will be among 4G's distinguishing features. Fourth generation networks are likely to use a combination ofWiMAX and WiFi.

4G (Fourth Generation)4G (Fourth Generation)4G will potentially reshape not just the wireless industry, but also cable, wire line, and handset companies, and simultaneously providing the media and entertainment industry another avenue for content delivery. What is 4GFrom a technology point of view, 4G represents an Internet Protocol(or all-IP) environment for services based on mobility and high bandwidth. As Scott Coleman, a telecom equipment analyst with Morgan Stanley, puts it, 4G is all IP, end-to-end, device-agnostic application platforms where third-party developers will be able to write to open systems. For Coleman, when you are talking about 4G, it really comes down to speed and availability. As 3G network is sufficient for many of the services and activities that we think about in an online world, such as Web browsing and email. But 4G will take the experience of applications and services to the next level.”

4G (Fourth Generation)4G (Fourth Generation)Objectives4G is being developed to accommodate the Qos and rate requirements set by forthcoming applications like wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV,HDTV content, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), minimal services like voice and data, and other services that utilize bandwidth.The 4G working group has defined the following as objectives of the 4G wireless communication standard:High network capacity: more simultaneous users per cell, A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions as defined by the ITU-R,


User-Driven: Increased user control is the essence of the web 2.0 world. Users have more control over accessing, receiving, creating and sharing content. Today’s communications environment is characterized primarily by passive users and active providers. Tomorrow’s environment will be one much more oriented around user desires.Rapid Development Times Based on Concepts of Better Collaboration and ‘Good Enough” solution: Part of the adaptation to Internet models involves adopting a more collaborative development approach, as well as a certain ‘good enough’ attitude to the development of new services. Developers will be pushing applications and services to the marketplace much more rapidly in a kind of ‘perpetual beta’ environment.


Flexible Revenue Models: A distinctive aspect of the 4G environment is the flexible, adaptive pricing models that drive the business. Providers will no longer be locked into a particular model. With dynamic pricing, services might be based on subscriptions, pay-per-use or advertising. And the model might shift from day to day, or even hour to hour.HEART OF 4GThe heart of the 4G experience is ultimately about two things: First, breaking the barrier between fixed and wireless, in-home and mobile; and, second, putting increased control and more choices in the hands of consumers


The technology aspects of the coming transformation are profound- the move the flat IP architectures, and the pursuit of open platforms and open, plug-and-play devices. Yet the transformation, as we have argued, is really about both business and technology. The ability to adopt more flexible revenue models will be key, as will the ability to harness innovation through external partnerships and to develop a factory-like approach to the delivery of new services.Above all, 4G requires companies to give the ‘remote control’ for next-generation; rich media services back to the consumer. The ability to offer customer control, not just content, will be a key to achieving high performance in the years ahead


The six major characteristics of 4GFlat IP: - The new communications environment is all-IP or even more accurately “flat-IP”. I.e. The architecture stresses lower-latency flat networks that comprise fewer network nodes compared to traditional hierarchical cellular networks.Open: 4G application and service development will be characterized by an open architecture model, derived from Internet-style development.Device Neutral: Particular handsets or mobile devices will not be locked into specific networks. In general, with some exceptions, any device will be able to access any network – subject to some band and technology platform limitations


Unlike 3G, which is based on two parallel infrastructures consisting of circuit switched and packet switched network nodes respectively, 4G will be based on packet switching only. This will require low-latency data transmission.By the time that 4G is deployed, the process of IPv4 address exhaustion is expected to be in its final stages. Therefore, in the context of 4G, IPv6 support is essential in order to support a large number of wireless-enabled devices. By increasing the number of IP addresses, IPv6 removes the need for Network Address Translation (NAT), a method of sharing a limited number of addresses among a larger group of devices, although NAT will still be required to communicate with devices that are on existing IPv4 networks.


At the present rates of 15-30 Mbit/s, 4G is capable of providing users with streaming high-definition television. At rates of 100 Mbit/s, the content of a DVD-5 (for example a movie) can be downloaded within about 5 minutes for offline access.When fully implemented, 4G is expected to enable pervasive computing, in which simultaneous connections to multiple high-speed networks provide seamless handoffs throughout a geographical area. Network operators may employ technologies such as cognitive radio and wireless mesh networks to ensure connectivity and efficiently distribute both network traffic and spectrum.


The high speeds offered by 4G will create new markets and opportunities for both traditional and startup telecommunications companies. 4G networks, when coupled with cellular phones equipped with higher quality digital cameras and even HD capabilities, will enable vlogs(Video blogging, sometimes shortened to vlogging or vidblogging is a form of blogging for which the medium is video and is a form of Internet television) to go mobile, as has already occurred with text-based moblogs. New models for colloborative citizen journalism is likely to emerge as well in areas with 4G connectivity


Conclusion: The key players in the 4G ecosystem must rediscover customer-centricity. The ability to offer customer what they need-or what they might need- will be a key to achieving high performance in the years ahead.

4G.ppt

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