What is 4G ?

• 4G is the fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunications

technology, succeeding 3G.

• A 4G system provides an end to end IP solution where voice , data

and streamed multimedia can be served to users on an “Anytime ,

Anywhere” basis at higher data rates than previous generation.

• A 4G system targets peak data rates of approximately 100 Mbps for

high mobility service.

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What is 4G ?

• It's the same technology used in Wi-Fi, ADSL broadband, digital TV and

radio.

• The main reason 4G is faster than 3G is because of Orthogonal

Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM).

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Evolution of G

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- The process began with the

designs in the 1970s that have

become known as 1G.

- Introduced in 1980 .

- AMPS was first launched in USA in

1G mobile system .

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1G (First Generation) :

- The 2G (second generation)

systems designed in the

1980s were still used mainly

for voice applications.

- Based on GSM .

- Use digital signals .

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2G (Second Generation) :

- To meet the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards started evolving. - The systems in this standard are essentially a linear enhancement of 2G systems.a

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3G (Third Generation) :

- A 4G system targets peak data rates of approximately 100 Mbps for high mobility service.

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4G (Fourth Generation) :

GENERATIONS TIMELINE :

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OBJECTIVES

■ 4G is being developed to accommodate the Quality

of Service (QOS) and rate requirements set by

forth coming applications like

1. MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service).

2. Wireless Broadband Service.

3. Video Chat.

4. Mobile TV.

5. Digital Video Broadcasting.

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OBJECTIVES

6. High Network Capacity.

7. Data Rate of 100 Mbps for mobile and 1 Gbps while

stationary .

8. Smooth handoff across heterogeneous network..

9. Seamless Connectivity and Global Roaming across

multiple networks.

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4G IN INDIA• Bharti Airtel launched India's first 4G service, using TD-

LTE technology, in Kolkata on April 10, 2012.

• Airtel 4G services are available in Kolkata, Bangalore, Pune

and Chandigarh region (The Tricity or Chandigarh region

consists of a major city Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula.

•  Bharti Airtel is launching 4G services in Delhi by Jan 2014.

• India uses the TD LTE frequency #40 (2.3 GHz), Apple iPhone

5s supports the TD LTE 40 band.

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• It speedily download the files over wireless network system or form. Data Rate of 100 Mbps for mobile and 1 Gbps while stationary.•Higher Bandwidth.

• Extremely high voice quality• It can simply reach internet, streaming

media, instant massaging (IM), common networks, video calling, and many more thing's.

• It continues connected to the internet devoid of any disturbance•4G is 10 times faster than 3G.

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Advantages

• It has simpler approach to the service and consumption.

• 4G will be a global standard that provides global mobility and service portability so that service provider will no longer be limited by single-system.

• Access technologies, services and applications can unlimitedly be run through wireless backbone over wire-line backbone using IP address.

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Advantages

• New frequencies means new components in cell towers.

• Consumer is forced to buy a new device to support the 4G.

• It is impossible to make your current equipment compatible with the 4G network.

• 4G is only currently available in certain cities.• Battery usage is more.

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Disadvantages

• LTE system is complex and hence required skilled engineers to maintain and manage the system. They need to be paid higher salaries in order to retain them.

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Disadvantages

KEY COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGIES IN 4G

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MIMO

• Multiple Input Multiple Output.

• This systems use spatial multiplexing.

• It permits parallel streams to be transmitted simultaneously by antennas.

• MIMO transmits multiple signals across the communications channel, data

rate in MIMO systems gets multiplied by the number of antennas used.

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MIMOM

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IPV6

• IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 .

• Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP that

uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.

• Earth's population stands at around 6.6 billion. The Internet has a population

of just 1.3 billion.

• IPv6 uses 128 bits for IPv6 addresses which allows for 340 billion billion billion

billion i.e. (3.4x1038) or theoretically allowing 2128 unique addresses.

• Example - 2001:0db8:0000:0042:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

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SMART ANTENNAS• Switched

Antenna: Based on the

requirement of the

system ,signal is received at any

given time.

• Adaptive

Antenna: Steer the signal at any

direction of interest ,nullify the

interfering signal.

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ADHOC NETWORKS

• Adhoc networks refer to spontaneous self organisation of network of

devices, not necessarily connected to internet.

• 4G will create hybrid wireless networks using adhoc networks.

• Intelligent routing to determine shortest path with least powers are used,

i.e, data packets are sent through paths with minimal power requirements.

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ADAPTIVE MODULATION AND CODING (AMC)

• AMC mechanism reacts to instantaneous variations in channel conditions and

accordingly modify the modulation & coding formats.

• Based on feedback from the receiver, response of the channel is estimated,

AMC allows different data rates to be assigned to different users.

• Channel statistics aid the transmitter and receiver to optimize system

parameters such as modulation, coding, bandwidth, channel estimation filters,

and automatic gain control.

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SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO (SDR)

• SDR is key to 4G systems.

• Software Defined Radio allows some of the functional modules of radio

equipment like modulation/demodulation, signal generation, coding and

link-layer protocols.

• Since 4G is all about convergence of diverse wireless standards, this can be

efficiently realized using SDR technology.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

• www.Wikipedia.com

• www.Scribbed.com

• www.slideshare.net

• www.engineersgarage.com/articles/4G-technology