4G wireless
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Transcript of 4G wireless
On the road to
“4G” Wireless
Evolution to ‘4G’2
CDMA(IS-95A)
GSM
CDMA(IS-95B)
cdma2000
1xEV-DORev 0/A/B
UMB802.20
2G
2.5G
3G
3.5G
3.9G
GPRS
E-GPRSEDGE
HSDPAFDD/TDD
TDMAIS-136
WCDMAFDD/TDD
TD-SCDMALCR-TDD
HSUPAFDD/TDD
HSPA+LTEE-UTRA
IEEE802.16
Fixed WiMAX802.16d
Mobile WiMAX802.16e
WiBRO
IEEE802.11
802.11g
802.11a
802.11g
802.11n
CDMA GSM/UMTS IEEE Cellular IEEE LAN
4G – what it is ?3
4G = 4th Generation mobile communications 4G = B3G = Beyond 3rd Generation (UMTS, IMT-2000) mobile
communications Foreseen to become available after 2010 A 4G system will provide an end-to-end IP solution where voice, data and
streamed multimedia can be served to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at higher data rates than previous generations
ITU Recommandation ITU-R M.1645: Systems beyond IMT-2000 will be realized by functional fusion of existing, enhanced,
and newly developed elements of IMT-2000, nomadic wireless access systems and other wireless systems, with high commonality and seamless interworking.
Targeted data rates (with wide area coverage and significant mobility) = 50 to 100 Mbits/s
Wider bandwidth End-to-end Quality of service High security Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere Affordable cost and one billing
4G Features4
Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and other broadband services.
High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.
Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks.
Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.
Better scheduling and call admission control techniques.
Ad hoc networks and multi-hop networks.
4G Characteristics 5
Broad trends - enabled by 4G networks 6
Growing mass: 4G will allow the mass-market take-up of such activities as videosharing, multimedia exchanges, and real-time and remote collaboration with very high quality of experience (QOE).
Going virtual: Change in human behavior. today, many are using networked alternatives and extensions, such as Wikipedia and Flickr -like sites
Going social: Social networks have grown very rapidly on the basis of wireline networks growth, and also introduce an element of going from one-to-one communications to one-to-many and many-to-many.
Going personal: Making services more personalized. 4G mobile network, tied to the applications that can be deployed through the combination of high speeds and low latencies to provide very personalized experiences
Mobile subscribers forecast7
“LTE is expected to account for around 9% of all mobile subscribers by 2015”
Revenues ($ Billiion)
Key business trends8
1. Global Telecom Spending Patterns Realigning Early growth in international capex, US capex lag
2. Rise in Mobile Data Revenues Internationally ARPUs up by 25% CAGR, US [< 5% CAGR]
3. 50% Rise in Mobile Voice Subscribers [+1.4B] International +100%, US +15% Emerging markets to remain unsaturated through 2012 Mobile broadband subscribers up 275% [+750M]
4. New Mobile Services Taking Hold – SK/Japan/Nordics Provide impetus to mobile data services
5. Operators Consolidating Domestically While Expanding Overseas
6. Total number of 4G subscribers worldwide, including both LTE & WiMAX is expected to exceed 90 million in 2013 (ABI Research)
Trends in applications9
Mobile marketing and advertising
Business potential viewed with great enthusiasm within dominant and leading markets.
Mobile Search Knee for takeoff : replicate desktop success
M-commerce/M-Wallet SMS messaging enables interactivity with other forms of entertainment (e.g., Polling)., Credit purchases.
Mobile Gaming Evolving into “Casual Gaming” with challenges for distribution and revenue collection.
Mobile e-Mail Going mass scale as productivity enhancer to move into rank and file employees beyond executives and field sales force.
Presence, MMS, Instant Conferencing, push-to-video, and mobile news
MusicStation (UK) from Vodafone: Omniphone’s deal with Telenor (Sweden), 3 (HK), and Vodacom (SA).
Content Focus shifting from “Major Media Brand - Formal Content” to “User Generated Content” in mobile networks. Photo swapping, mobile social media, one-to-one communications
Revenue sharing Music and video sharing, with subscribers via ads and P2P E.g., SeeMeTV by 3 allows video uploaders to get paid when their content is downloaded.
Webco Platform Deals with (Vodafone/MySpace, Sprint/GOOG), Android
Drivers for adopting 4G 10
Opportunity for bundling with other services Reducing operational costs (OPEX) Introducing new applications and services Competition pressures Consolidating number of networks Multi-play devices available in the markets Multiple terminals Smart simplicity Outstanding performance
Technology moving towards 4G
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Different radio access technologies for 4G
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WiMAX 802.16e,WiBro
IEEE 802.20 3GPP LTE
Key technology OFDMA, MIMO OFDMA, MIMO OFDMA/SC-FDMA, MIMO
Duplex TDD/FDD TDD/FDD TDD/FDD
Channel Bandwidth
10 MHz 5 ~ 20 MHz 1.25 ~ 20 MHz
Mobility Middle High (~250 Km/h) High (~250 Km/h)
Peak Data Rate
DL 46 Mbps 260 Mbps 100 Mbps
UL 14 Mbps 60 Mbps 50 Mbps
Coverage 2 ~ 5Km (typical) MAN scale < 20km, WAN scale
Frequency Band 2 ~ 6GHz Below 3.5 GHz WCDMA band withadditional band
Commercial ready
2007 ~ 2008 unexpected 2009 ~ 2010
Enabling technologies for 4G 13
Increase BandwidthIncrease
Bandwidth
Multi-carrier transmission Multi-carrier transmission
Broadband Wireless
Broadband Wireless
FeasibilityFeasibility
High dimensionModulation
High dimensionModulation
Spectral efficiencySpectral efficiency
E2E QoSE2E QoS
FeasibilityFeasibility
Higher Spectral efficiency
Higher Spectral efficiency
LDPC codesLDPC codes
MIMO MIMO
Common TransportCommon Transport
All IP All IP
Seamless Inter-working
Seamless Inter-working
Low latencyLow latency
Relay systemRelay system
Fast MAC Fast MAC
Fast Scheduling Fast Scheduling
Fast Resource management Fast Resource management
Cost-effectiveCost-effective
Fast Resource Control
Fast Resource Control
CognitiveRadio
CognitiveRadio
Challenges in migration Areas Challenge Solutions
Mobile station
Multimode User Terminals
To design a single user terminal that can operate in different wireless networks, and overcome the design problems
Software radio approach can be used
Wireless System Discovery
To discover the available wireless systems by processing the signals sent from different wireless systems
User or system initiated discoveries, with automatic download or software modules for different wireless systems
Wireless System Selection
The proliferation of wireless technologies complicates the selection of most valuable technology
Wireless systems can be selected according to the best possible fit of user QoS requirements
System
Terminal Mobility To located and update the locations of the terminals in various systems.
Signaling schemes and fast handoff mechanisms are proposed
Network Infrastructure and QoS Support
To integrate the existing non-IP based and IP -based systems and to provide QoS for end to end services
Clear and comprehensive QoS for UMTS is proposed
Security Heterogeneity of wireless networks complicates the security issue
Modifications in existing security schemes may be applicable
Fault Tolerance and Survivability
To minimize the failures and potential impacts in any level of tree-like topology in wireless networks
Fault-tolerant architectures are proposed
Service
Multi-operators and Billing System
Collect, manage and store customer accounting info from multiple service providers. Also customers need detailed information.
Various billing and accounting frameworks are proposed
Personal Mobility Providing seamless personal mobility to users without modifying the existing servers in heterogeneous systems
Personal mobility frameworks are proposed
4G Technology roadmap15
HSDPADL:14.4MbpsUL:384KbpsBW:5MHz
HSDPA/HSUPADL:14.4MbpsUL:5.76KbpsBW:5MHz
HSPADL:28MbpsUL:11.5KbpsBW:5MHz
LTEDL:100MbpsUL:50KbpsBW:20MHz
IEEE 802.16e-2004DL:14.4MbpsUL:5.76MbpsBW:5MHz
IEEE 802.16e-2005DL:14.4MbpsUL:5.76MbpsBW:5MHz
IEEE 802.16e- 2005DL:50MbpsUL:4MbpsBW:10MHz
IEEE 802.20DL: MbpsUL: MbpsBW:20MHz
MultimodeTerminal(3 modes)
MultimodeTerminal(n modes)
Multimode Terminal with load awareness network support
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
“SWOT” Analysis – 4G16
Comparing 3G vs 4G17
Attribute 3G 4G
Major Characteristic Predominantly voice- data as add-on Converged data and VoIP
Network Architecture Wide area Cell basedHybrid – integration of Wireless Lan (WiFi), Blue Tooth, Wide Area
Frequency Band 1.6 - 2.5 GHz 2 – 8 GHz
Component Design Optimized antenna; multi-band adapters
Smart antennas; SW multi-band; wideband radios
Bandwidth 5 – 20 MHz 100+ MHz
Data Rate 385 Kbps - 2 Mbps 20 – 100 Mbps
Access WCDMA/CDMA2000 MC-CDMA or OFDM Forward Error Correction
Convolution code 1/2, 1/3; turbo Concatenated Coding
Switching Circuit/Packet Packet
Mobile top Speed 200 kmph 200 kmph
IP Multiple versions All IP (IPv6.0)
Operational ~2003 ~2010
4G Wireless – LTE & WiMax
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Two competing 4G standards
Future Competition – LTE & WiMAX
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It’s an evolution & revolution from HSPA to LTE
How to protect existing investment through smooth upgrade?
LTE is 2 years later than WiMAX wave1 (performance comparable to HSPA), furious competition
LTEWiMAX
CompetitionRNC RNC
CN
NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB
aGW
eNodeB
eNodeB
IP transmission
network
SAE GW
Large amount of IP transmission resource is necessary for LTE & WiMAX
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3GPP LTE or the so-called Third Generation Partnership Programme – Long Term Evolution is the name given to a project develops the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope and manage with future requirements in terms of wireless technology. LTE will be used for mobile, fixed and portable wireless broadband access
LTE is work on the evolutionary development of the core architecture of mobile networks, called system architecture evolution (SAE).
The 3GPP group- ground has been prepared for the successful completion of Release 8 - containing specifications for LTE - by the December target. 3GPP has frozen the specifications for LTE, with final formal ratification expected in March 2009
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LTE enabling services and enriching existing 3G applications
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Gaming: real-time P2P and multiplayer gaming with console quality and performance
E-commerce: Travel services, electronic ticketing & stock
trading with assured QoS and security
Video Telephony Multimedia conferencing & net meeting: videoconference plus real time office applications
Location Based Services: user or device-based
Broadcast andMulti-cast Services: one-to-many transmission of high-quality video and audio
Industrial: Maintenance,
Military, 3D CAD
Industrial: Maintenance,
Military, 3D CAD
AV/multimedia: enhanced performance with legacy download and streaming applications
Requirements of LTE22
Peak data rate 100 Mbps DL/ 50 Mbps UL within 20 MHz bandwidth.
Up to 200 active users in a cell (5 MHz) Less than 5 ms user-plane latency Mobility
Optimized for 0 ~ 15 km/h. 15 ~ 120 km/h supported with high performance. Supported up to 350 km/h or even up to 500 km/h.
Enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast service (E-MBMS) Spectrum flexibility: 1.25 ~ 20 MHz Enhanced support for end-to-end QoS
LTE enabling technologies23
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Frequency domain equalization
SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA)
MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output)
Multicarrier channel-dependent resource scheduling
Fractional frequency reuse
LTE Services
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• LTE promises to enhance the delivery of mobile broadband services while adding exciting new value-added service possibilities
•LTE brings the characteristics of today’s ‘Web 2.0’ into the mobile space for the first time
•Enriched consumer user experience will be typified by the large-scalestreaming, downloading and sharing of video, music and rich multimedia content
Operators adopting LTE25
Most carriers supporting GSM or HSPA networks can be expected to upgrade their networks to LTE at some stage: AT&T Mobility has stated that they intend on upgrading to LTE as their 4G
technology, but will introduce HSUPA and HSPA+ as bridge standards. T-Mobile, Vodafone, France Telecom, Telia Sonera and Telecom Italia Mobile
have also announced or talked publicly about their commitment to LTE. However, several networks that don't use these standards are also upgrading to
LTE: Alltel, Verizon Wireless, the newly formed China Telecom/Unicom and Japan's
KDDI have announced they have chosen LTE as their 4G network technology. Verizon Wireless will begin deploying Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless broadband technology by the end of 2009 , with wide scale commercial rollout sometime in 2011. They have chosen to take the natural GSM evolution path as opposed to the 3GPP2 CDMA2000 evolution path Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB).
Telus Mobility and Bell Mobility have announced that they will adopt LTE as their 4G wireless standard.
Operators plan towards migrating to 4G26
• Migration of mobile networks to 4G is driven primarily by unserved, latent demand for personal and mobile broadband services.
• Mobile WiMAX and LTE are emerging as the primary candidate radio technologies for service providers, for which the 4G technology roll-outs will most likely start in the 2010-2012 timeframe
• T-Mobile will skip HSPA+ to get more out of its 3G mobile broadband network and will instead move straight on to LTE. • TeliaSonera will roll out 4G mobile broadband standard LTE over its newly won 2.6GHz spectrum in Sweden. The
operator plans to launch commercial services for consumers and businesses in 2010.
Sample of key Industry players
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Mobile WiMAX28
802.16 Network architecture
4G & the Business Model29
Traditional market model New market model
The structure of market model is changing because of such factors as the advent of content and data services, end user demands, regulatory influences, and competitive forces.
New structure and value chain is more like a sphere, with a web of partnerships and various routes to reach the end user. The value of some existing players will be squeezed, but new entrants, brands, device vendors, and content creators can also increase their value. This causes disruptions in the market model, but also creates new opportunities, and this should be the driving force for all players to consider new business models.
Conclusion30
Convergence is the disruptive concept of the 4G mobile networks
Migration to 4G networks will be evolutionary 4G, convergence of networks, technologies, applications and
services, will offer a personalized and pervasive network to the users
4G can serve as a flexible platform for whatever services operators, can conceivably throw at it
4G seems to be a very promising generation of wireless communication that will change the people’s life in the wireless world
4G is expected to be launched by 2010 and the world is looking forward for the most intelligent technology that would connect the entire globe.
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