4G Technology by harsha
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0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)
At the end of the 1940s, the first radio telephoneservice was introduced, and was designed tousers in cars to the public land-line basedtelephone network.
In the 1960s, a system launched by Bell Systems,called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service(IMTS), brought quite a few improvements such asdirect dialing and more bandwidth. The very firstanalog systems were based upon IMTS and werecreated in the late 60s and early 70s.
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1G Technology
1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telephonetechnology was developed in 1970s.
1G had two major improvements: the invention of the microprocessor
the digital transform of the control link between thephone and the cell site.
Analog signal
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2G Technology
Used from 1980s
Better quality & capacity - More people could use
there phones at the same time
Digital Signals consist of 0s & 1s
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Previous Technology - 2G
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Advantages in Previous Technology - 2G
The digital voice encoding allows digital errorchecking
increase sound quality lowers the noise level
Going all-digital allowed for the introduction ofdigital data transfer
SMS short message service E-mail
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Disadvantages in Previous Technology - 2G
Cell towers had a limited coverage area
Jagged Decay curve
Abrupt dropped calls
Analog gradual sound reduction
Spotty coverage
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Spontaneous self organizationof networks of devices
Not necessarily connected to
internet
4G will create hybrid wirelessnetworks using Ad Hocnetworks
Form of mesh networkingVery reliable
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OFDM for 4G Wireless
~ 6 kHz
~ 800tones
~ 5 MHz
OFDM is being increasingly usedin high -speed informationtransmission systems:
- European HDTV- Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB)
- Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL)- IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN
5 MHz channels
~ 6 KHz tones~ 13/26 MHz sample rate2048 FFT size (160 usec OFDM blocks)256/512 sample OFDM block guard timeQPSK & 16-QAM modulation adaptive modulation/coding1 to 2 msec time-slots in 20 to 40 msec frames
Mobile OFDM parameters: ex.
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GPRS Networks
consists of packet wireless access network and IP-basedbackbone
shares mobility databases with circuit voice services and addsnew packet switching nodes (SGSN & GGSN)
will support GPRS, EDGE & WCDMA airlinks
provides an access to packet data networkso Interneto X.25
provides services to different mobile classes ranging from 1-slotto 8-slot capable
radio resources shared dynamically between speech and dataservices
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IPv4 vs. IPv6
IPv4 IPv6
Structure 32 bits 128 bitsSecurity Poor security Enhance security
Function Addressing1. Multi-fun. and mobile fun. are built-in
2. Plug & Play (Auto-Configuration)
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The 3G
Large CoverageOutdoor - High MobilityUp to 14Mbps
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The 4G
What we needo Adaptive high performance transmission systemo Great candidate for SDR
Large Coverage 100Mbps CoverageOutdoor - High Mobility
Macro Cells Pico Cells
Isolated HotSpots 1Gbps CoverageIndoor Very Low Mobility
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4G WOFDM high speed downlink awireless cable modem
Complement to EDGE/UMTS
High peak data rates (up to 10 Mb/s) ina 5 MHz channel
spectrum - 500 MHz to 3 GHz 3G EDGE/WCDMA network for uplink,
downlink,control and signalling
4G Wireless: One View
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One of the most challenging problemsfacing deployment of 4G technology is
how to access several and different mobileand wireless networks
There are two possible architectures Multimode Devices
Overlay Network
4G Wireless Networks Challenges
First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks
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4G Wireless Networks Challenges
Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility In order to provide wireless services at
any time and anywhere, terminal mobilityis a must in 4G infrastructure
Terminal mobility allows mobile clients toroam across geographical boundaries ofthe wireless networks
There are two main issues in terminal
mobility: location management handoff management
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DelaySpread
RayleighFading
Path
Loss
rapid fading of 20 to 30 dB(power varies by 100 to 1000 timesin level at rates of about 100 times persecond)
path loss up to~ 150 dB(that is a 1followedby 15 zeroes)
Reflectedsignalsarrive spreadoutover 5 to 20microsecond
Path Loss and Fading Challenge
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Queries ????