COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ADOPTION RENEWABLE SOURCES FOR PUMPING IN JALSWARAJYA SCHEME IN KARANDWADI

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ADOPTION RENEWABLE SOURCES FOR PUMPING IN JALSWARAJYA SCHEME IN KARANDWADI

Chapter No. 1Introduction The Government of Maharashtra took major policy decision in July 2000 to adopt demand driven and participatory approaches to rural Water supply and sanitation. Maharashtra is the first State in the country to launch major initiative of a State wide policy for reforming the rural Water supply and sanitation. Taking in to consideration this approach the Jalswarajya Project is initiated dated 27 July 2000. Actual implementation of the scheme has taken place in the year 2003-2004. The stage declared by the government was from 2003-2004 to 2008-2009. The users and beneficiaries are a pilot initiative in 30 village panchayatas in 3 district of the State level. The Project investment is expected to benefit directly about 2,800 village panchayatas covering approximately 7 million people. The Project is aiming to translate community participation a field reality, not only in Water supply and sanitation sector but beyond that the Projects consider participation as the highest level of users. Jalswarajya project of the Government of Maharashtra was World Bank Aided project launched in 2003. Its objectives of increasing the access of the rural household to improve and sustain drinking water and sanitation services and to institutionalize decentralized service delivery to rural local government and communities state and central Govt. invested 67.75 crores which also includes 10% share of the villagers. Mostly the Jalswarajya schemes are failed due to1)High electricity charges are required for pumping.2)Due to less rainfall and depletion of ground water table.3)Poor water supply management and political interference.4)More operation and maintenance cost.

Our world is full of energy. We can save money and help to reduce air pollution using renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power, for our home or irrigation (drip) or for live stock water wells. Wind and solar energy can be excellent options in remote areas where the cost of extending transmission lines are high or the cost of electricity charge is on higher side as well as there is cut off of electricity for more than 10 hours a day. It is also important to consider the cost of buying and using a pumping system, which includes initial cost, energy cost and maintenance cost. Where utility power is not readily available solar systems are often the most economical option ,factoring in all costs, such as installation, fuel, maintenance and water pump-ing are often less expensive than generators, windmills and running electrical lines. With solar water pumping system a customer has an accurate forecast of the cost to run and maintain them, as they have paid their energy cost up front. There may be tax credits and incentives that lower investment costs.

1.1 Objectives To study the Jalswarajya project in Sangli District. Select the village on the basis of annual income. Give the economical solution for pumping of water ( renewable energy). Comparison between the renewable energy.

Chapter No. 2Literature Review 2.1 Documents of the World Bank for Jalaswarajya Project for Government of Maharashtra rural water supply and sanitation project (RWSS ) [3] Stated that According to a recent assessment, out of 86,681 villages and habitations, only about 62,000 of them have established facilities capable of providing adequate and safe water. Out of the remaining 24,681 villages and habitations, as many as 7000 have either no water supply or access to safe water or a very limited supply of 10 lpcd and below. The remaining 17,681 villages and habitations have facilities that are designed to supply water only to the extent of 10-30 lpcd with much reduced quantities available during summer. Moreover, many of the existing water supply facilities are reportedly not functioning up to their designed potential or have stalled due to lack of necessary repairs and replacements, exacerbated by lack of access to power due to nonpayment of dues to the state electricity board.

2.2 Information Education and communication (IEC) Jalswarajya [1] (June 1, 2010)A guiding light for world summit on sustainable development (WSSD), Government of Maharashtra stated that in last several years Jalaswarajya Projects have redefined IEC activities in water supply and sanitation context. Government need to adopt findings of the project experience for betterment of initiatives of department.

2.3 Jalaswarajya [2] ( April 2011)Water supply and sanitary Department, Maharashtra State launched a booklet to focus the points such as equal profit to all society members, erection of the projects on the basis of faith and ownership, Participation of women at all level of the project, Mandatory partial community contribution up to 10 %.

2.4 Mahadeo Jogdand, Umesh Botalji, [5] Active participation of womens results into collection of Public Contribution, Monitoring over projects Empowered women are doing O & M of scheme through SHG eg. Khambegaon pattern of Parbhani dist also O & M collection in many of the district. Due to women empowerment training, they got knowledge about other Govt. scheme, Health related issues, economical planning, various types of transactions, in average women of SHG,s are doing all their activities independently.

2.5 Quotation for solar water pumping system[8] By-protonics systems India Pvt. Ltd. Noida. This quotation gives detailed information about their products and services .Specification of solar water pump invertors. Site requirements of accessories for installation of solar panels and pumps, prices of submersible solar water pumping system for AC pumps. This quotationhelped to calculate the rates of pumping system and solar invertors for different villages as per their requirement and lift of the water 2.6 sangli ZP, rural water supply department sangli [4] Stated the latest status of Jalaswarajya project implemented in 10 tal. of sangli district for 116 projects. They have given the latest information about the estimated cost and actual expenditure in last 10 year.

2.7 Solar Water Pump Guide Coenergy Us [7]This guide gives information about working of solar pump, in shiny and cloudy days, economic tally of solar pump with conventional system, comparison of solar system and windmill as well as the questioner for solar pump sizing. In this study one of the alternatives solar pumping system for Jalswarajya schemes in combination with electricity this guide help me to study the solar system, comparison between conventional system and solar energy, wind mill and solar systemetc. To calculate the pump size the questionery given in the guide is used.

2.8 Subhrendu K. Pattanayak, Christine Poulos, Jui-Chen Yang and Sumeet R. Patil [6] This paper reports average monthly household-level cost savings that were caused by Jalswarajya,a community-demand-driven water, sanitation, and hygiene program in the state of Maharashtra in India. Three years after project initiation, we found that Jalswarajya had had a moderate, but significant impact on reported use of taps and toilets. The DID estimates show a 13 percent increase in intervention villages in dry season tap use and a 7 percent increase in toilet use (and corresponding decrease in open defecation). As described in section 4, the estimated impacts of Jalswarajya varied by season.

Chapter No. 3Data Collection According to the data collected from the Zillah Parishad that, ten different villages from various tahasils, consumption of electricity for the Jalswarajya Scheme is one of the most important points for successful running of Jalswarajya Scheme. Increase in unit rate of electricity increases the bill amount; this higher cost is one factor resulting in scheme failure. Table 3.1 below shows electrical charges compared with annual income.

Sr. no.VillageElect.charges (Rs). (annual)Income (Rs.)(annual)

1Karandwadi (Walwa )

2,16,00019000

2R. Harnakshi (Walwa)

3,90,00014,25,000

3Mahuli (Khanapur)

84,0004,11,66

4Devekhindi (Khanapur)

1,42,0001,97,550

5Kherade Wangi (Kadegaon)

72,00061,600

6Kharsundi (Atpadi)

2,50,0004,40,000

7Dhalgaon (K.mahankal)

3,00,0003,46,900

8Irali (K.Mahankal )

1,20,00073,000

9Baj ( Jat )

84,00036,000

10Nagaj (K. Mahankal )

2,40,0002,46600

Table No.3.1

Graph no. 3.1

Chapter No. 4Analysis of Data 4.1 Population forecasting According to collected data we consider that population forecasting period is 20 years .By using Arithmetic increase method we calculate population of Karandwadi in 2030. We design the Jalswarajya project for 2030 population.

Arithmetic increase method Populationdifference

1990500

200017961296

201047902994

2145

Table No. 4.1

Sample Calculation-Pn = Po + n .xP2020 = 4790+(1 X 2145)P2020 = 6935P2030 = 4790+(2 X 2145)P2030 = 9080 4.2 Design of Solar System4.2.1 Introduction of Solar Energy In today's climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels have to be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy.Importance of solar energy1. The abundance of Solar Energy.Even in the middle of winter each square meter of land still receives a fair amount of solar radiation. Sunlight is everywhere and the resource is practically inexhaustible. Even during cloudy days we still receive some sunlight and it is this that can be used as a renewable resource.2. Solar energy is getting more cost effective.The technology for solar energy is evolving at an increasing rate. At present photovoltaic technology is still relatively expensive but the technology is improving and production is increasing. The result of this is to drive costs down. Payback times for the equipment are getting shorter and in some areas where the cost of electricity is high payback may be as short as five years.3. Solar energy is non-polluting.Solar energy is an excellent alternative for fossil fuels like coal and petroleum because solar energy is practically emission free while generating electricity. With solar energy the danger of further damage to the environment is minimized. The generation of electricity through solar power produces no noise. So noise pollution is also reduced.

4.2.2 Design Information Name of village - Karandwadi Source - River Current Population - 5000 Numbers.Scheme Design for - 75000 lit.Electricity Bill - Rs. 2000/month/connectionTotal income by water charges Rs. 1000/-Lifting Height 35 meterE.S.R capacity = 1,75,000 litPump capacity =15 HpLifting Height = well + rising well + E.S.R = 20 + 5 + 10 = 35 MetersPer day demand = 40 lpcd Water required per day = 40 X 9080 = 3,63,200 lit.Assume averge 5 hour sun energy will be available .Water required per hour = 3,63,200 / 5 = 72640 lit/hr 72640/(60 X 60) = 20.17 lit/sec by referring R.K Bansal book of Fluid Mechanics , Pump Output = .Q.H Where, = Unit density of water Q = Discharge in lit/secH = Lifting height of water = 9810 X (20.17/1000) X 35 = 6925.36 watt. P = pump output/ efficiency The average efficiency of these pump is about 85 % ,so recalculate power input = 6925.36/0.85 = 8147.49 watt =8.147 KW 8147.49/746 = 10.92HP = 12 HP

4.2.3 Solar Panel Design

For generating 250 watt energy required panel size is 1 X 1.5 M 250 watt = panel size = 1 X 1.5No. of panels required -8148/250 = 32.59 = 33 panelsCost for 1 solar panel =Rs. 20000/-We are used 33 no. of solar panels to get 8148 watt energy.Total cost for solar panel = 33 X 20000 = 660000 /-Area required for panel fitting = 1 X 1.5 X 33 = 49.5 Sq.mAdd 100% more space for gap between the panel and area around it.Say 49.2 X 2 = 99 Sq.m1 Sq.m = 10.75 Sq.ft10.75 X 99 = 1068 Sq.ft4.2.4 Stay required for panels Total panels/no. of panels = 33/11 = 3 staysAngle frame 50 X 50 X 64.2.5 Total Length For Angle 2.1 X 6 = 12.61.35 X 6 = 8.111 X 3 = 331.5 X 6 = 91.3 X 2 = 2.6Anchor = .15 X 2 = 1.8Total length = 67.1 mWeight of angle = 22 kg/ 18ft = 1.22 / ft1m = 3.28 ft1.22 X 3.28 = 4 kg/m67.1 X 4=268.4 kg Rate of angle = Rs. 40 / m40 X 268.4 = Rs.10736/-No. of stays = 3 Total rate = 3 X 10736 = Rs.32210/-Excavation size = (0.6 X 0.3 X 0.3)mpits per stay = 12Total pits per day = 12 X 3 = 36Rate for excavation = 80/-Rate = 80 X 36 = 2880 /-Quantity of concrete = 0.054 X 36 = 1.944 cu.m4.2.6 Rate analysis Proportion - M20 Grade concrete (1:1.5:3)Quantity of concrete = 0.054 X 36 = 1.944 cu.mWet volume = 1.944 cu.mDry volume = 1.944 X 1.52 = 2.954 cu.mQuantity of cement = 2.954/(1+1.5+3) = 2.954/5.5 = 0.53 cu.m = 0.53/0.035=15.35 = 16 bagsQuantity of Fine Aggregate = [2.954/(1+1.5+3)] X 1.5 = (2.954/5.5) X 1.5 = 0.795 cu.m Quantity of Coarse Aggregate [2.954/(1+1.5+3)] x 3 =(2.954/5.5) X 3 = 1.59 cu.m MaterialQuantityCost per unitTotal cost

Cement16 bags 3505600

Fine aggregate0.795 cu. m19401540

Coarse aggregate1.950 cu. m9901568

Total8708

Material Table Table No.4.2Total cost for concreting = 10000/-4.2.7 Total cost for solar system Cost per stay = Rs. 10736/-For 3 stand = 3 X 10736 = Rs. 32210 / -Installation of panel =1068 X 50 = Rs.53400 /-Total cost for solar panel = 33 X 20000 = Rs.660000 /-Inveter / converter = Rs.40000 /-Excavation for pits = 80 X 36 = Rs.2880 /-Cost for concreting = Rs.10000 /-Battey = Rs.48000 /-Wiring = Rs.2000 /-Painting = Rs. 1000 /- Total cost = Rs. 849490 /-

4.2.8 Pay-back period tableAmount(Rs)YearElect. Bill(Rs)Amount(Rs)

8,49,490

11,80,0006,69,490

6,69,490

21,80,0004,89,490

4,89,490

31,80,0003,09,490

3,09,490

41,80,0001,29,490

Table No. 4.3 1,80,000 = 365 days1,29,490 = XX = 262.5/30= 8.75 days

Total Pay Back Period = 4 years + 8 months + 7days

4.2.9 Results

Installation and Operation cost of solar panel is Rs. 8,49,490/- By using solar panel system payback period is 4 years,8 months and 7 days Per year savings for village bill instead of electricity bill is Rs. 1,80,000/- Every 5 years maintenance cost is Rs.48,000/-

4.3 Windmill design For 1kw energy 1 windmill is required.Excavation required for foundation Volume required for 1 pit = 1 X 0.6 X 0.6 = 0.36 cu.mFor 1 windmill 4 pits required.For 8 windmills pits required = 8 X 4 = 32 pitsTotal volume for excavation = 32 X 0.36 = 11.52 cu.mCost of excavation = 11.52 X 100 = Rs. 1152 /-4.3.1 Rate analysis Proportion of M20 concrete (1:1.5:3) for foundation Quantity of concrete = 32 X 0.36 = 11.52 cu.mWet volume = 11.52 cu.mAdd 52 % more gap Dry volume = 11.52 X 1.52 = 17.51 cu.m

Quantity of cement 11.52/(1+1.5+3) = 11.52/5.5 = 3.18 cu.m = 3.18/0.035 = 90.96 = 91 bagsQuantity of Fine Aggregate = [11.52/(1+1.5+3)] X 1.5 = (11.52/5.5) X 1.5 = 4.77 cu.m Quantity of Coarse Aggregate = [11.52/(1+1.5+3)] X 3 =(11.52/5.5) X 3 = 9.54 cu.m4.3.1 Rate AnalysisQuantityCost per unit(Rs)Total cost(Rs)

Material

Cement 91 bags 35031850

Fine aggregate4.77 cu.m19409240

Coarse aggregate9.54 cu.m9906066

Labour

Head mason Number450225

Mason10 Number 3003000

Mazdoor12 Number2503000

Total53381

Table No.4.4

Mean Wind Speed in km/hr. (Karandwadi)Jan FebMarAprMayJunJulAugSep OctNovDec Annual

4.3 5.26.17.910.612.712.812.08.65.84.74.98.0

Table No.4.5 According to above information of wind speed which is collected from Metrological department annual wind speed is 8 km/hr4.3.2 Total costFor 1 kw Charger = Rs.3000 /- Wiring = Rs.2000 /- Converter = Rs.3000 /- Installation = Rs.15000 /- Battery cost = Rs.15000/- Windmill cost = Rs.100000/- Total = Rs.156000 /- For 8 kw Cost = 8 X 156000 = 1248000 /- Total cost for wind mill = 1248000 + 53381 = Rs. 1304381/-

4.3.3 Payback Period

Table No.4.6

Amount(Rs)YearElect. Bill(Rs)Amount(Rs)

1304381

12400001064381

1064381

2240000824381

824381

3240000584381

584381

4240000344381

344381 5 240000+1500089381

240000 = 365 days89381 = XX = 135.93 / 30= 4.53 daysTotal Pay Back Period = 5 years + 4 months + 6 days

4.3.4 Results-

Installation and Operation cost of solar panel is Rs.13,04,381 /- By using solar panel system payback period is 5 years, 4 months and 6 days Per year savings for village bill instead of electricity bill is Rs. 2,40,000/- Every 5 years maintenance cost is Rs.48,000/-

Chapter No. 5Comparison of energy systems

5.1 Comparison of Electrical Powered System with Windmill Electrical powered systemWindmill energy

Initial cost of electrical powered system is lesser than windmill.Initial cost of windmill powered system is more than electrical system.

Running cost of electrical powered system is More than windmill energy.Running cost of windmill energy is Less than electrical powered system.

More maintenance required as compared to Windmill.

Less maintenance required as compared to electrical powered system

Thermal energy is generates waste .It does contribute to global warming and create environmental hazardWind energy is clean, silent and generates no waste. Thus it does not contribute to global warming or create any environmental hazard

5.2 Comparison of Solar System with Electrical Pumping SystemSolar pumping systemElectrical pumping system

Initial cost of solar powered system is more than electrical power.Initial cost of electrical powered system is less than solar system.

Running cost of solar powered system is less than electrical powered system.Running cost of electrical powered system is more than solar powered system.

Solar energy is clean and renewable source. Thermal power is nonrenewable source.

Solar energy is clean, silent and generates no waste. Thus it does not contribute to global warming or create any environmental hazard.Electricity generates hazardous waste. It does contribute to global warming & create environmental hazard.

Less maintenance required as compared to electrical system.

More maintenance required as compared to solar panel system.

5.3 Comparison of Solar System with Windmill Solar Panel systemWindmill

Initial and Lifetime costs of solar powered system are lesser than windmills.Initial and Lifetime costs of windmill powered system are more than solar system.

Solar pumps operate anywhere the sun shines.Windmills work where there is steady, constant wind supply.

Minimum maintenance required as compared to Windmill.

More maintenance required as compared to solar panel system.

Chapter 6Conclusion Cost of electricity is going on increasing which increases the load of expenditure on the Jalswarajya scheme in the dry area of Sangli district, which is one of the most important reasons behind the failure of schemes. On the basis of the income, we select the village. For that village renewable sources are suggested for water pumping in Jalswarajya scheme.1. Solar energy 2. Wind energySolar energy - Installation and Operation cost of solar panel is Rs. 8,49,490/- By using solar panel system payback period is 4 years,8 months and 7 days Per year savings for village bill instead of electricity bill is Rs. 1,80,000/- Every 5 years maintenance cost is Rs.48,000/-Wind energy Installation and Operation cost of solar panel is Rs.13,04,381 /- By using solar panel system payback period is 5 years, 4 months and 6 days Per year savings for village bill instead of electricity bill is Rs. 2,40,000/- Every 5 years maintenance cost is Rs.48,000/- According to results we conclude that Solar pumping system is more cost effective and efficient system.

REFRENCES:-

Audit Report (Local Bodies) for the year ended March 2010 Cost benefit analysis of adopting solar energy pumps for jalswarajya schemes in Sangli district A case study,August 2011 Department of water supply and sanitation ,Government of Maharashtra,March 2004 Dhananjay Patil - Krishna Solar Shoppy: , Islampur. Government of India , India metrological department ( Page no - 55,Table no 4) Jalswarajya: The self governance of water ,Dr. Madhuri Nasre Marathi Book on Jalswarajya by Water Supply and Sanitary department Maharashtra state. Protonics Systems India Pvt. Ltd. Noida. Quotation for Solar water pumping system, Solar Water Pump Guide Co energy Us. Rural water supply department Zillah Parishad Sangli .Latest states of Jalswarajya projects in Sangli district. Shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/9912/.../07_chapter ,2011

Annexure AQuestionery 1

Annexure BQuestioner 2

Annexure CQuestionary3

Chapter 7Photography Karandwadi Jalswarajya Scheme

Water Storage tank Pump House AriationCoagulation

FlocculationSettling Tank

Water Purify Processes

ADCET, ASHTAPage 32