The 4 E’s of Energy:

Environment, Economics, Efficiency& Education

Renewable• Biomass• Geothermal• Hydro• Solar• Wind

Non-Renewable• Coal• Natural Gas • Petroleum• Propane• Uranium

Our Energy Sources

All sources have positive and negative attributes related to environmental impacts, abundance, cost, reliability, etc.

29%

37%

23%

New York United States

7% 10%

41%

9%25%

Primary Consumption of Energy by Fuel, 2005

Petroleum Products

Natural Gas

Coal Nuclear

Source: NYSERDA, Patterns & Trends Report, January 2007

Petroleum Products

Natural Gas

CoalHydro NuclearHydroBiofuels

BiofuelsNet Imported Elec.

5%

3%

5%3%

3%

Transportation27%

43%

31%

New York United States

5%29%

39%

13%

13%Industrial

Buildings

Electric Generation

Primary Consumption of Energy by Sector, 2005

Electric Generation

Transportation

Industrial

Buildings

Source: NYSERDA, Patterns & Trends Report, January 2007

Primary Consumption for Electric Generation by Fuel Type, 2005

PetroleumCoal

18%

14%

3%

New York State United States

Natural Gas

Nuclear

Hydro14%

25%

15%

2%

20%

7%

Other

14%

Coal

Natural Gas

53%

Petroleum

15%

Hydro

Nuclear

Other

Source: NYSERDA, Pattern & Trends Report, January 2007

Electricity

“The world’s electricity consumption is predicted to increase by 100% in the next 25 years."

The world’s electricity consumption will increase dramatically due to:

• Increased world population

• Increased demand in the U.S. and other developed countries

• Increased demand from developing countries, such as China and India.

The Facts:

NASA Satellite Image

Home Heating

33.1

Oil/Kero51.7

Gas8.7Electricit

y

%FuelHow NYS Heats

NYSERDA Patterns and Trends, Dec. ’05

Transportation

Primary Consumption of Energy in Transportation Sector, 2005

NY State US

Petroleum Products

94.64% 98.63%

Biofuels 0.06% 1.23%

Electric Sales

0.99% 0.06%

Natural Gas

4.31% 0.08%

“The U.S. consumes only 10% of the world’s oil.”

The U.S. consumes almost 25% of the world’s oil.

World oil consumption = 84 million barrels per day

US = 20.8 million barrels/day Projected to rise to 26.1 in 2025

NYS= 0.9 million barrels/day

EIA, 2004, Patterns and Trends, NYSERDA

The Facts:

What is Global Climate Change?

Burning Fossil Fuels is Affecting Earth’s Climate.

• There is CO2 in the air naturally. It keeps the planet warm enough to sustain life.

• CO2 is released when fossil fuels or biomass (such as wood) are burned.

• Too much CO2 can cause problems for our climate.

CO2 Emissions Worldwide

Since the Industrial Revolution:

• 25% increase in CO2 concentrations

• 1.4o F rise in average temperature of the earth.• Sea level has risen 4” to 8.”

• Increased precipitation in certain countries and drought in others.

• Increased frequency of extreme precipitation events.

What impacts are we seeing?

(Refs: NASA, Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Union of Concerned Scientists, Journal of Climate 7,Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 77, Nature 384, others)

Melting Arctic Ice CapMelting Arctic Ice Cap

What can be done?• Technological advances resulting in more efficient

equipment and processes

• Behavioral modifications

• Increase fuel efficiency standards

• Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)

• Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)

• Increase awareness

• GET INVOLVED!

The 4 E’s of Energy:

Environment, Economics, Efficiency& Education

Your Tote Includes:• Energy Fundamentals and Energy Action

Activities- two booklets filled with information and activities to supplement your existing energy and resource curriculum

• Posters on energy and energy sources - coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, water, renewable energy, electrical generation, etc.

Your Tote Includes:• The Energist - easy to understand background

information on energy sources for you and your students with additional activities

• Class Set of (30) Intermediate Energy Action Challenge Booklets & (1) Adult Booklet

• Correlations to NYSED standards in Math, Science and Technology, Social Studies and Career Development

• NYSERDA information and program literature that can help you save energy

Get Your Ticket pg. 23 (Energy Fundamentals)

• How, when and what energy sources we use everyday

• Help students to be more aware of energy use and ways to conserve it.

• Materials: energy picture collages, glue, scissors, old magazines, tickets

• Correlations to Science, Math, Art, and Social Studies

Search For Energy pg. 13 (Energy Fundamentals)

• Students collect energy resources, seeing that most common energy resources will disappear, they are nonrenewable

• Students will identify solar energy as a renewable resource

• Good activity for charting data and graphing; correlations to science, math, social studies

• Materials: beads, watch

Search for Energy Data SheetTrial Coal Oil Natural

GasUranium Solar

1 100 4 5 30 26

2 114 0 2 12 52

3 36 0 0 5 72

4 0 0 0 0 95

Sample GraphResources Over Time

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 1 2 3 4Trial

Am

ount

Lef

t for

Use

CoalRemainingOil Remaining

Natural GasRemainingUraniumRemainingSolar

Discovering Sources for Electricity pg. 15 (Energy Fundamentals)

• Predict the percentage of each fuel used to produce ELECTRICITY in your assigned geographic region

• Each M&M represents 5%• M&M colors represent energy sources:

Brown = coal Orange = natural gas Red = oil Yellow = nuclear Blue = hydroelectric Green = other renewables

• Create a pie chart or bar graph of your predicted fuel mix using the paper plate

• Materials: paper plates, M&Ms or pony beads• Correlations to Science, Math, and Social Studies

Hands-on Activities Stations

• How Does Water Flow• What is Electricity• Make Like An Atom and Split • A Bright Idea• Solar Collectors• Chip Mining• Hydrogen - Fuel of the Future

How Does Water Flow? From the Renewable Energy Poster• Model of water pressure at different depths

• Relates to hydroelectricity

• Materials: Plastic soda bottle with lid, puncturing tool, tape, water

• Correlations to Science and Math

What is Electricity?

From The Energist: Getting to Know Electricity• Simulation of electric current• Addresses misconception of how electric

currents work, promoted by science texts that describe a “flow” of electricity similar to that of water

• Material: 4 or more magnets with holes, stick or pencil

• Correlations to Science

Make Like An Atom and Split

From The Energist: Getting to Know Nuclear Energy

• Simulating nuclear fission

• Materials: rubbing alcohol, water, beaker or cup, plastic knife and spoon, vegetable oil

• Correlations to Science

A Bright Idea pg. 45 (Energy Fundamentals)

• Study of forms of energy involved in lighting light bulbs with batteries

• Can be used to cover series and parallel circuits

• Materials: battery, wire brads, battery holder pattern, mini lamp base, mini light bulbs, two wires both stripped of insulation at ends, rubber bands

• Correlations to Science

Circuits

• Series circuit- one path for current to travel– Voltage must be split among the loads, so with

two lights on one battery, each light gets half of the 1.5 volts available, or 0.75 volts

– Lights are dimmer, if one light is removed the circuit is opened and the other light goes off too

• Parallel circuit- multiple paths for current– Each light gets the full voltage, so they are just

as bright as before. – If one light goes out, the other stays on.

Circuit Diagrams

Series Parallel

12 v 12 v

Solar Collectors pg. 69 (Energy Fundamentals)

• Study of the effect of color on absorption of solar energy

• Graphing temperatures of different colored cans of water over time

• Intermediate level adds different storage mediums and research

• Materials: thermometers, colored cups, plastic wrap, water

• Correlations to Science and Math

Chip Mining pg. 81 (Energy Fundamentals)

• Chocolate chip cookies are used as models of the earth to be mined for “coal deposits”

• Good activity to show how resources are not evenly spread, environmental impacts of mining, and need for laws

• Materials: napkins, paperclips, chocolate chip cookies, graph paper

• Correlations to Science, Math, and Social Studies

Hydrogen - Fuel of the Future pg. 95 (Energy Fundamentals)

• Explores possible fuel sources for the future• Simple hands-on electrolysis to make hydrogen

gas• Baking soda is a catalyst, oxygen also produced• Materials: clear cup or beaker, 9v battery,

baking soda, pencils sharpened at both ends, 8 inch copper wires stripped of insulation at both ends, spoon or stirring rod

How a Fuel Cell Works

Hydrogen enters the fuel cell on one side

The protons can pass through the membrane between the two catalyst plates, but the electrons can’t, so they have to go around, through a wire

creating an electric current.

Oxygen enters thefuel cell on

theother side

The oxygen and hydrogen form water and the reaction gives off heat

Be Bright About Light pg. 29(Energy Action)

• Incandescent vs Compact Fluorescent (CFL)• Compare difference in heat output from different

bulbs• Calculate the money savings in “Watt’s It All

About” pg.33• Materials: CFL and Incandescent light bulbs,

shop light and thermometer• Correlations to Science, Math, and Social

Studies

Atmospheric Environment pg. 57 (Energy Action)

• Discusses how much CO2 an average household can produce in a year

• Greenhouse gas emissions - what can we do to help reduce them

• Materials: Household CO2 Production copy from pg. 60

• Correlations to Math and Social Studies

Energy Management Fun pg. 83 (Energy Action)

• Discusses how much energy you use for a month for household activities to “Look your Best”

• What choices can you make to conserve energy as you live your life?

• Correlations to Math and Social Studies

Take the Challenge Booklet

• Five easy steps to help you and students learn why it is important to save energy and what you can do to help.

1. Take the Challenge2. Check It Out3. Plan of Action4. I Can Do It!5. I Made a Difference!

Igniting Creative Energy Challenge

• Nationwide contest for students in grades K-12 to show how to conserve energy and what impact that has on their lives

• Students can do any type of project they choose- drawings, songs, stories, computers…

• www.ignitingcreativeenergy.org• Grand prize winning students and teachers can

win an educational trip for two to a great destination such as Hawaii

• State winners are also selected

Energy Lingo pg. 9(Energy Fundamentals)

• Match definitions to energy forms and sources

• Materials: “Lingo” cards, word definitions strips, marker pieces

• Correlations to Science

Putting it all Together

• Review Objectives

• Questions?

• Evaluations

• Door Prizes