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2015 © Samsung Electronics 1
2015 © Samsung Electronics 1
Call Flow
4rth
February 2015
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 3
2015 © Samsung Electronics 3
Network Architecture
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 42015 © Samsung Electronics 4
ENB – Interface and Protocol
The Protocols that run between UE and
eNB are called Access Stratum Protocols or
AS Protocols
The Protocols that run between UE and
Core Network are called as NAS Protocolsor Non Access Stratum Protocols
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 52015 © Samsung Electronics 5
MME – Interface and Protocol
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 62015 © Samsung Electronics 6
MME – Interface and Protocol
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7/1132015 © Samsung Electronics 72015 © Samsung Electronics 7
SAE GW – Interface and Protocol
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SAE GW – Interface and Protocol
• IP Packet is tunneled between P GW and UE using GPRS Tunneling Protocol GTP
• Each Bearer has associated QCI
• Each QCI has GBR/ Non GBR, Priority, packet delay , Packet Error Rate defined
• PCRF decides the Bearer Type
•P GW performs the DHCP functionality = allocates IP addresses to each UE
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VoLTE – Logical ArchitectureENUM – Electronic Number Mapping System
To translate a telephone number into IP address
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VoLTE – Logical Architecture
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RJIL Network Overview
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12/11312Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
LTE reference model
NODE DESCRIPTIONS
eNB Radio interfaces and radio resource management.
Radio bearer control/radio admission control/scheduling of uplink & downlink/
IP header compression and encryption of the user plane data/eNB handover(X2)/pooling
between MMEs and eNBs(S1, many-to-many relations)
MME LTE related control plane signaling
Mobility and security functions for devices attaching over the LTE RAN/Management of all theterminals in idle mode including Tracking Area management and paging.
S-GW Anchoring point for intra-LTE and between GSM/GPRS, WCDMA/HSPA and LTE/ Accounting
functions for inter-operator charging and billing settlements.
P-GW Interconnection point to external IP networks. IP address allocation/charging/packet
filtering/policy-based control of user-specific IP flows
PCRF Policy and Charging Rules Function Flow based charging, including e.g., online credit control andpolicy control including service authorization and QoS management.
OCS/OFCS Online Charging System / Offline Charging System
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13/11313Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
RJIL Network Architecture(LTE)
SAE-GW = S-GW + P-GW
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14/11314Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.2014 © Samsung Electronics 14
Regional Sites (8 Super Core) Setup
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15/11315Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.2014 © Samsung Electronics 15
Child Circle Parenting with Regional Sites
Haryana Circle EPC Nodes connecting to Delhi Super Core Nodes and its Geo Mate Kolkata
Super Core Nodes.
Similarly, Assam Circle EPC Nodes connecting to Kolkata Super Core Nodes and its Geo Mate
Delhi Super Core Nodes.
Child Circle
Local Circle
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16/11316Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
HSS
S-GW P-GW
PCRF
IP
NetworkLTE Network
MMEeNB
eNB
ePDG
WiFi AP
ENUM
MNP
MGWSGW
SBCIP-SM-
GW
MRF
IMS Network
IMS (Minimum Set for VoLTE)
PSTNPLMN
VCC
MGCF
CSCF
TAS
SBC : Session Border Controller
CSCF : Call Session Control Function
VCC : Voice Call Continuity
TAS : Telephony Application Server
IP-SM-GW : IP-Short Message-GatewayMGCF : Media Gateway Control Function
MGW : Media GateWay
SGW : Signaling GateWay
MRF : Media Resource Function
HSS : Home Subscriber Server
MNP : Mobile Number Portability
HSS
EPC
IMS
Basic VoLTE Network Architecture
EPC Network
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RJIL Network Architecture(IMS)
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PDN Connectivity & Attach
APN(Access Point Name): a character string that contains a reference to the PDN where the desiredservices are available. The corresponding PGW is selected by the network based on the given APN.
PDN connectivity a type of IP connection including QoS, charging, mobility, security, policy control
aspects, as such it is differentiated from the mere IP connection.
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19Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
QCI table
Default
bearer
Persistent
Dedicated
bearer
Dedicate
d
bearer
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NW Architecture - Voice/Video Call over LTE
Use the same architecture/procedure/protocol with VoLTE
– SIP for Signaling using default bearer with QCI-5
Difference with VoLTE
– Usage of two dedicated bearers
– One for voice (QCI-1) and the other for video (QCI-2)
– Codec used for video : H.264 (H.263 also used in normal commercial network)
LTE/EPCNetwork
MME
eNB
IMSNetwork
TAS
PCRF
SAEGW BGW
CSCF
QoS control
(Voice/Video serviceinfo)
SIP Signaling
RTPVoice/Video
Voice (QCI 1)UE
Video (QCI 2)
Dedicated bearerfor media
Bearer
Traffic
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Network Identities
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GUTI – Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity - is assigned only by the MME during
initial attach of a UE to the E-UTRAN – masks the true identity of the subscriber
GUTI provides an unambiguous identification of the UE that does not revel the UE’s
permanent identity. It also allows identification of the MME and Network to which
UE attaches
GUTI has to main components - GUMMEI Globally Unique Mobility management
Entity Identifier and the M –TMSI that uniquely identifies the UE within the MME
For paging, the mobile is paged with the S-TMSI which is a shorter version of GUTI
On the S1 Interface, the IMSI is typically not seen just like the GUTI. Exceptions areinitial attach when no old GUTI is stored on the USIM card or in paging procedure
Identities Used in LTE - GUTI
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RNTI – Radio Network Temporary Identifier
RNTI is signaled in the MAC Layer. When MAC uses the PDCCH to indicate radio
resource allocation, the RNTI is mapped on the PDCCH depends on the logical channel
type -
C- RNTI : Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Dedicated Control Channel
(DCCH and DTCH). It defines which data sent in DL belongs to a particular subscriber – all RRC
messages are marked with same C RNTI for a subscriber
P- RNTI : Paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Paging Control Channel (PCCH) is
derived from IMSI. It does not refer to a particular UE but to a group of UEs.
RA- RNTI : Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Random Access Response
(RAR) on DL-SCH – assigned to particular UE and is contained in the response from eNode B
for PRACH. The UE then uses this RA- RNTI to send RRC Connection Request
Temporary C-RNTI for Common Control Channel (CCCH) during random access procedure
SI- RNTI : System Information Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Broadcast Control
Channel (BCCH) – sent on PDCCH - it signals to all UEs where SIBs are found on PDSCH
Identities Used in LTE - RNTI
RNTI Values
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LTE Identities
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 252015 © Samsung Electronics 25
Bearers
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2014 © Samsung Electronics 27
UE Temporary ID’s at different interfaces
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2014 © Samsung Electronics 28
S1AP Interface
In between eNB and MME, the User can be identified using the S1AP ID’s.
eNB-UE-S1AP ID is the S1AP ID terminating at the eNB side
MME-UE-S1AP ID is the S1AP ID terminating at the MME Side.
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Diameter Session ID
Gx Diameter Session Id can be used to identify the diameter packets related to a
particular subscriber session.
Gx diameter session Id will be created when the session is created for the subscriber
and will stay till the session is available.
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Scenarios
P k t D t Fl i LTE
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 322015 © Samsung Electronics 32
Packet Data Flow in LTE
IMS (S h ti A hit t )
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IMS (Schematic Architecture)
3G UMTS I t ki
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3G UMTS Interworking
1. LTE natively supports VoIP only using IMS services
2. LTE also supports CSFB Circuit Switched Fallback mechanism which allows CS voice calls
to be handled via legacy RAT (Radio Access Technology) for UEs that are camped on LTE3. This is supported by SGs interface between MME and MSC. This allows the UE to attach
to the MSC and register for CS services while still in LTE. It also carries paging messages
from the MSC so that UE can be paged over LTE
4. The Network may choose a handover, cell change order or redirection procedure to
move UE to the legacy RAT
5. The UE moves to CS services on initiating a CS voice call
S3 : MME to SGSNS4: SGW to SGSN
CSFB d SRVCC
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CSFB is a solution for networks that do not have support for IMS VoIP.
The Voice Calls are handled by the CS domain and the UE is handed over at the time of a
voice call. The MME maps the Tracking Area to the Location Area.
Challenge is Call Set Up delay
SRVCC is a solution for converting and handing over an IMS VoIP call to a CS voice call
without interrupting the call when coverage of LTE is not there with handover interruption
time of less than 300 ms
SRVCC is a one way handover from LTE to UTRAN/GERAN and the UE may return to LTE
when reaching idle state The solution relies on running only one radio at a time i.e. the UE may not communicate
with both the Networks.
In this solution the MME is connected to the MSC via a Sv interface which is used for
control signaling in the SRVCC handover
SVLTE Simultaneous Voice and LTE – handset works simultaneously in LTE and circuit
switched mode – LTE provides data services and circuit switched mode providing voice
services – the mobile phone has high power consumption as two radios run together
One additional approach not initiated by operators is usage of OTT services Over the Top
Content Services like Skype / Google Talk
CSFB and SRVCC
Additional Interfaces required forinterworking with Legacy CS Networks
OTT d V LTE
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Over the Top (OTT) communication solutions such as Skype
cannot provide fully satisfactory user experience as there are no QoS measures in place
There is no handover mechanism to circuit switched network
No wide spread interoperability of services between different OTT services and devices
No guaranteed emergency support or security measures
Cannot provide services like HD Voice
VoLTE has the following advantages -
Operators can make use of wider capabilities of IP based networks to deliver high capacity
and inter operable communication services Can provide HD Voice, Video calling, HD conferencing, IP messaging and contact
management
Can provide guaranteed end to end QoS, support for emergency services and regulatory
services, global interoperability and mobility, interconnect and international roaming
Can have fallback options to circuit switched networks
OTT and VoLTE
Message Flow for CSFB Call
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Message Flow for CSFB Call
Figure shows message flow for a CSFB call from LTE to UMTS including paging from the
MSC via the SGs interface and MME for UE terminated calls and the sending of an
Extended Service Request NAS message from the UE to the MME to trigger either a
handover or redirection to the target RAT for UE originated call.
CSFB
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CSFB
SRVCC
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 392015 © Samsung Electronics 39
SRVCC
E UTRAN Connections
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E UTRAN Connections
Figure also shows the reference points for inter RAT handover between E-UTRAN,
UTRAN and GERAN
Connections after handover to
UTRAN/GERAN
Connections via E-UTRAN
SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
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SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity If ubiquitous coverage of LTE is not available, it is possible that a UE involved in VoIP call
over LTE might then move out of LTE coverage to enter legacy RAT which offers CS voice
services
The SRVCC is designed for handover of a PS Packet Switched VoIP Call over LTE to a CSvoice call involving the transfer of a PS bearer into a CS bearer
The eNode B detects UE is moving out of LTE coverage and triggers a handover
SRVCC is used for handover from PS VoIP Call to CS Voice Call
E UTRAN with roaming
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E-UTRAN with roaming
VoLGA
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VoLGA
VoLGA – Voice over LTE via Generic Access Standards
Most Operators preferred VOLTE
The lack of software support in initial LTE devices as well as core network devices led to a
number of carriers promoting VoLGA as an interim solution
The idea was to use same principles as GAN Generic Access Network also known as UMA
or unlicensed mobile access which defines the protocols through which a mobile handset
can perform voice calls over a customers private internet connection usually over
wireless LAN
VoLGA however never gained much support because VoLTE promises much more flexible
services
WiFi Calling
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WiFi Calling
WiFi Calling needs to be enabled both in the device and in the network
New integrated functionality in the EPC with the ePDG Evolved Packet Data Gatewayin needed to allow untrusted non-3GPP accesses to interwork with the EPC and
connect to the IMS Network
The ePDG provides security mechanism such as IPsec tunneling of connections
Video Calls over LTE
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Video Calling
Video Calls over LTE
SMS Over LTE
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There are two options to deliver SMS services over LTE via the existing Short Message
Service Center SMS-C
SMS over SGs – the device sends and retrieves circuit switched based SMS messages - uses
SGs interface between MSC and MME. The device will not fall back to GSM/WCDMA whilesending or receiving messages. For SMs over SGs the existing roaming/interconnect
agreements may be reused.
SMS over IP - the device sends and retrieves SIP packet switched SMS messages - the
solution requires an SMS client that uses IMS and SIP stack , an IP Short Message Gateway
(IP SM-GW)
SMS Over LTE
SMS over SGs
SMS over IP
SMS is encapsulated & routed via IMS
IPsec
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The IP version can be IPv4 or IPv6
In case of VPN traffic IPsec will be used
The applications on top of IP in the user plane stack are all protocols of the TCP/IP
suite such as File Transfer Protocol FTP, HTTP (web browsing), POP3/SMTP (for e-mail)
and Real Time Transport Protocol RTP and SIP for real time services like VoIP
While IPsec is used decoding of TCP/UDP frames is not possible due to ciphering used
by IPsec
IPsec
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VoLTE Basics
IMS Connectivity
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IMS Connectivity
On Net Call
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 502015 © Samsung Electronics 50
On Net Call
PCFX
SCFX
Off Net Voice Call
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Off Net Voice Call
Emergency Call Flow
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 522015 © Samsung Electronics 52
Emergency Call Flow
On Net SMS
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On Net SMS
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VoLTE Requirements
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VoLTE Requirements
VoLTE Ecosystem Requirements
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VoLTE Ecosystem Requirements
VoLTE Ecosystem Requirements (Contd)
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VoLTE Ecosystem Requirements (Contd)
VoLTE Requirements
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VoLTE Requirements
User Identities in IMS Network
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Use de es S e o
Bearer Mapping
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pp g
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SIP Cause Codes
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SIP Cause Codes (Contd)
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( )
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Attach Procedure
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T300starts
T300
stops
Attach Procedure
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RACH
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RACH Trigger (Two Examples)
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RRC Connection Setup (Down Link)
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RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)
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Attach Request
RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)
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Attach Request
RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)
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Attach Request
RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)
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RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)
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Attach Request
RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)
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Attach Request
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Codec
Selection
Dedicated
Bearer
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QoS Negotiation
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VoLTE Call Flow
RJIL Initial Attach Request (APN=jionet)
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SAE GWUE eNB MME
S-GW P-GWHSS PCRF SPR
Power on
RRC Connection Setup
1. Attach Request(PDN Connectivity Request)
3. UE IP allocation
LTE Authentication
NAS Security Setup
2. Create Session Request
IMSI, MSISDN, APN=jionet, PCO, Bearer Context (Bearer ID, Bearer QoS – QCI:9, GBR: 0, MBR: 0)
4. CCR(Indication of IP-CAN Session establishment)
Initial Request, Subscription-Id(e.g., IMSI), UE-IP, APN, Event-Report, QoS Info(APN-AMBR(UL/DL)), EPS Bearer QoS(QCI, ARP)
5. Profile Request
6. Profile ResponseUser Profile = internet
7. Policy Decision
8. CCA(Acknowledge of IP-CAN Session Establishment)
PCC Rule for Default bearer(QCI=9, ARP=1, APN-
AMBR(UL/DL)=50Mbps/100Mbps, Offline, TFT(UL/DL))
IMSI, Initial Request, APN=jionet
11. Attach Accept(Activate Default EPS bearer Context Request)
APN=jionet, UE-IP, Default Bearer QoS(QCI=9, ARP=1, UE-AMBR(ULAPN-
AMBR(UL)=50Mbps, TFT(UL)=(UE IP, *, SIP, *, UDP), PCO, GUTI, TAI-list
12. Policy Enforcement
13. Attach Complete(Activate Default Bearer Context Accept)
14. Modify Bearer Request
15. Modify Bearer Response
Default Bearer(QCI=9)
Bearer ID
Location Update
9. Policy Enforcement
10. Create Session Response
UE-IP, Default bearer QoS(QCI=9, ARP=1, APN-AMBR(UL)=50Mbps, TFT(UL)=(UE IP, *, SIP, *, UDP)
OCS
9.1 CCR (Indication of Session, APN=JioNet)
9.2 CCA (Ack of session, APN=JioNet)
RJIL PDN Connectivity Request (APN=ims)
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OCS
4.1 CCR & CCA to/from PCRF, APN=ims)
PCRF
4.2 CCR & CCA to/from OCS, APN=ims)
PCO : Protocol
Configuration Option is
used to allocate the PCSCF
domain name /IP address
DNS : Domain Name
Server translates
hostname into IP address
PCO option is usedby UE during PDP
context activation
to request for
P_CSCF address,
DNS server details
etc
RJIL Device view after IMS registration(S-4 mini)
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The Jio Join client resides on a 2G/3G/4G LTE Only handsets
VoLTE - UE Attachment and IMS Registration message
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Part of 2
CCR Credit Control Request
CCA Credit Control Answer
RACH, Attach, Authentication and Default Bearer
Creation QCI 9 and Dedicated Bearer QCI 5 using JionetAPN and IMS APN – both bearers shown (detailed
messages already discussed)
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RJIL VoLTE Call Flow (UE to UE SIP Msgs)
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UE UE
INVITE (SDP offer)
100 Trying
180 RingingUser
alerting
200 Ok_INVITE
Ack
BYE
200 Ok_INVITE
Hook off
183 Session Progress (SDP answer)
PRACK
200 Ok_PRACK
UPDATE (SDP offer)
200 Ok_UPDATE (SDP answer)
RTP/RTCP
IMS
INVITE (SDP offer)100 Trying
183 Session Progress (SDP answer)
PRACK
200 Ok_PRACK
180 Ringing
183 Session Progress
UPDATE (SDP offer)
200 Ok_UPDATE (SDP answer)
200 Ok_INVITE
Ack
BYE
200 Ok_INVITE
Used only when
network based
ringback is used
Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(1)
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96Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
Both Devices are in Idle Mode
Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(2)
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97Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
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Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(4)
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99Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(5)
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100Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
IMS to PSTN/PLMN call flow
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101Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
VoLTE - UE to UE Call establishment (Originating Side)
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 1022015 © Samsung Electronics 102
RAR : Reauthorization Request, AAR : Authentication Authorization Request, SDP : Session Description
Protocol
VoLTE - UE to UE Call establishment (Terminating Side)
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 1032015 © Samsung Electronics 103
VoLTE - UE to UE Call clearing (Initiated message)
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 1042015 © Samsung Electronics 104
VoLTE - UE to UE Call clearing (Received message )
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 1052015 © Samsung Electronics 105
VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call establishment (Originating Side )
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 1062015 © Samsung Electronics 106
VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call establishment (Originating Side )
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 1072015 © Samsung Electronics 107
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VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call Clearing (Initiated )
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 1092015 © Samsung Electronics 109
VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call Clearing (Received )
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 1102015 © Samsung Electronics 110
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 1112015 © Samsung Electronics 111
MOCN Trial set up
12th Jan 2016
MOCN Trial set up – Schematic
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2015 © Samsung Electronics 1122015 © Samsung Electronics 112
S6a/ S13MME
SGi
Internet
Shared eNB
HP
Switch( 1+1 )
SGs
OAM
S6a/ S13
OAM
SGsMSC / IWF
HSS / EIR
SAEGW
S1 - MME
S1 - U
SGi
OCS / OFCS
Gx
Gy/Ga
PCRFGx
OAM
S11
DCN NW
OAM
OSS
Gy/Ga
Juniper
M120
CAG
( 1+1 )
Interfaces ready for Data call
SGi
S6a/ S13
SGs
Gx
Gy/Gz
ALU
7750SR
CCR( 1+1 )
Interfaces WIP for voice call
Internet data call successfully tested
Voice call testing readiness is in progress
Not mandatory for first call
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