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How to Get Published In
Scientific Journals
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Question?
What is it that distinguishes a very good scientific
manuscript from a bad one?
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Workshop objectives
What steps do I need to take before I write my
paper?
How can I ensure I am using proper scientific
language?
How do I structure and format my article properly?
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What steps do I need to take before I
write my paper?
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Determine if you are ready to publish
This could be in the form of:
Presenting new, original results or methods Rationalizing, refining, or reinterpreting published results
Reviewing or summarizing a particular subject or field
If you are ready to publish, a strong manuscript is what is
needed next
You should consider publishing if you have informationthat advances understanding in a certain scientific field
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What is a strong manuscript?
Has a novel, clear, useful, and exciting message
Presented and constructed in a logical manner
Reviewers and editors can grasp the scientificsignificance easily
Editors and reviewers are all busy scientists
make things easy to save their time
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Decide which type of manuscript is
most appropriate
Conference papers
Full articles/Original articles
Review papers/perspectives
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Conference Paper
Excellent for disseminating early or in-progress researchfindings
Typically 5-10 pages, 3 figures, 15 references
Draft and submit the paper to conference organisers Good way to start a scientific research career
Sample conference paper titles:
Global Warming Prevention Technologies in Japan at 6th Greenhouse Gas ControlTechnologies International Conference
Power consumption in slurry systems at 10th European Conference on Mixing
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Full Article
Standard for disseminating completed research findings Typically 8-10 pages, 5 figures, 25 references Draft and submit the paper to appropriate journal
Good way to build a scientific research career
Sample full article titles:
Hydrodynamic study of a liquid/solid fluidized bed under transverseelectromagnetic field Retinoic acid regulation of the MespRipply feedback loop during vertebrate
segmental patterning
Establishing a reference range for bone turnover markers in young, healthy
women
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Review Paper
Critical overview of a specific research topic Typically 10+ pages, 5+ figures, 80 references Typically solicited by journal editors
Good way to consolidate a scientific research career
Sample review paper titles:
Advances in the allogeneic transplantation for thalassemia Stress and how bacteria cope with death and survival Quantifying the transmission potential of pandemic influenza
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Citation impact varies by publication
type
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Averagecite
speritem(
arb.sca
le)
Article Review Conference Paper Source:
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Choose the target journal
Choose one journal
Your references can provide candidate journals
Read recent publications in your field
Find out specific journal details
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Use the journals Guide for Authors
Guide for Authors includes: Types of papers accepted
Editorial team contact information
Graphics specifications Acceptable language
Paper length
Other details
Elseviers author resources & journal guides can be found at:
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/
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Summary What steps do I need to take
before I write my paper? Determine if you are ready to publish
Decide on the type of manuscript
Choose the target journal
Check the Guide for Authors
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How can I ensure I am using proper
scientific language?
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Question
What are some characteristics of the best scientific
writing you have seen?
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Why Is Language Important?
Save your editor and reviewers the trouble of guessing whatyou mean
Complaint from an editor:
[This] paper fell well below my threshold. I refuse to spend time trying
to understand what the author is trying to say. Besides, I really want to
send a message that they can't submit garbage to us and expect us to
fix it. My rule of thumb is that if there are more than 6 grammatical errors
in the abstract, then I don't waste my timecarefully reading the rest.
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Scientific Language- Overview
Key to successful scientific writing is to be alert for
common errors:
Sentence construction
Incorrect tenses
Inaccurate grammar
Not using English
Check the Guide for Authors of the target journal for
language specifications
Write with clarity, objectivity, accuracy, and brevity.
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Scientific Language Sentences
Write direct and short sentences
One idea or piece of information per sentence is sufficient
Avoid multiple statements in one sentence
An example of what NOT to do:If it is the case, intravenous administration should result in that emulsion has
higher intravenous administration retention concentration, but which is not in
accordance with the result, and therefore the more rational interpretation should
be that SLN with mean diameter of 46nm is greatly different from emulsion with
mean diameter of 65 nm in entering tumor, namely, it is probably difficult for
emulsion to enter and exit from tumor blood vessel as freely as SLN, which may
be caused by the fact that the tumor blood vessel aperture is smaller.
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Scientific Language - Tenses
Present tense for known facts and hypotheses:The average life of a honey bee is6 weeks
Past tense for experiments you have conducted:
All the honey bees were maintained in an environment with aconsistent temperature of 23 degrees centigrade
Past tense when you describe the results of an experiment:
The average life span of bees in our contained environmentwas8 weeks
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Scientific Language - Grammar
Use active voice to shorten sentences Passive voice:It has been found that there had been
Active voice:We found that
Passive voice:carbon dioxide was consumed by the plant Active voice:the plant consumed carbon dioxide..
Avoid abbreviations: its, werent, hasnt Never use them in scientific writing
Only use abbreviations for units of measure
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Scientific Language - Grammar
Minimize use of adverbs: However, In addition, Moreover
Eliminate redundant phrases
Double-check unfamiliar words or phrases
Never say and references therein - as in [1] and [25]. Any intelligent
reader knows to look at the references in a paper in order to get even more
information. - Editor
Delete In present report. It is impossible for it to be in a different report!
You start the conclusions "In this report, we have prepared....." This is
nonsense. The samples were prepared in the laboratory! -Editor
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Summary How can I ensure I am
using proper scientific language? Proper scientific language is important so that editors and reviewers
can easily understand your messages
Refer to the journals Guide for Authors for specifications
Check that your paper has short sentences, correct tenses, correctgrammar, and is all in English
Have a native English speaker check your manuscript
If the language prevents editors and reviewers from understanding the
scientific content of your work, at best publication will be delayed, at
worst never published.
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How do I structure and format my article
properly?
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General Structure of a Full Article
Title
Abstract
Keywords
Main text (IMRAD) Introduction
Methods
Results
And
Discussions
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Supporting Materials
Journal space is precious. Make your article as brief
as possible.
Make them easy for indexing and searching!
(informative, attractive, effective)
Each section of a paper has a definite purpose
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Title
Attract the readers attention
Be specific and relevant
Keep it informative and concise
Avoid jargon and abbreviations
Tells readers what your paper is all about
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Original Title Revised Remarks
Preliminary
observations on the
effect of Zn element on
anticorrosion of zinc
plating layer
Effect of Zn on
anticorrosion of zinc
plating layer
Long title distracts readers.
Remove all redundancies such as observations
on, the nature of, etc.
Action of antibiotics onbacteria
Inhibition of growth ofmycobacterium
tuberculosis by
streptomycin
Titles should be specific.Think to yourself: How will I search for this piece
of information? when you design the title.
Fabrication of
carbon/CdS coaxialnanofibers displaying
optical and electrical
properties via
electrospinning carbon
Electrospinning of
carbon/CdS coaxialnanofibers with optical
and electrical
properties
English needs help. The title is nonsense. All
materials have properties of all varieties. Youcould examine my hair for its electrical and optical
properties! You MUST be specific. I havent read
the paper but I suspect there is something special
about these properties, otherwise why would you
be reporting them?
the Editor-in-chief
Title: Examples
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Abstract
Tell readers what you did and the important findings
One paragraph (between 50-300 words)
Advertisement for your article
A clear abstract will strongly influence if your work is considered further
Graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) of compositionCxN(SO2CF3)2 F are prepared under ambient conditions in 48%hydrofluoric acid, using K2MnF6 as an oxidizing reagent. The stage 2
GIC product structures are determined using powder XRD andmodeled by fitting one dimensional electron density profiles.
A new digestion method followed by selective fluoride electrodeelemental analyses allows the determination of free fluoride withinproducts, and the compositionalxand parameters are determinedfor reaction times from 0.25 to 500 h. What are the
main findings
What has been
done
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Keywords
Used by indexing and abstracting services
They are the labels of your manuscript
Use only established abbreviations (e.g. DNA)
Check the Guide for Authors
Article Title Keywords
Silo music and silo quake: granularflow-induced vibration
Silo music, Silo quake, stick-slip flow,resonance, creep, granular discharge
An experimental study on evacuated
tube solar collector using supercriticalCO2
Solar collector, Supercritical CO2,Solar energy, Solar thermal utilization
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Introduction
Provide context to convince readers that you clearly know whyyour work is useful
Be brief
Clearly address the following: What is the problem?
Are there any existing solutions?
Which solution is the best?
What is its main limitation?
What do you hope to achieve?
Try to be consistent with the nature of the journal
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Describe how the problem was studied
Include detailed information
Do not describe previously published procedures
Identify the equipment and describe materials used
Methods
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Results
What have you found? Present essential/primary results
Use sub-headings
Use figures/illustrations Graphs
Tables
PhotosType of attack Classical (%) Pop (%) Jazz (%)
Echo addition 0 0.10 0.27
Noise addition 1.20 1.42 1.60
Band equalization 2.31 2.50 2.73
Type of attack Classical (%) Pop (%) Jazz (%)
Echo addition 0 0.10 0.27
Noise addition 1.20 1.42 1.60
Band equalization 2.31 2.50 2.73
Zhang, XR; Yamaguchi, H. An experimental study on evacuated tube solar
collector using supercritical CO2 Applied Thermal Engineering Elsevier
Ikeda, S., Tabata, Y., Suzuki, H., Miyoshi, T., Katsumura, Y. Formation of crosslinked PTFE by radiation-inducedsolid-state polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene at low temperatures Radiation Physics and Chemistry Elsevier
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Discussion
What the results mean
Most important section
Make the Discussion correspond to the Results
You need to compare the published results with yours
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Conclusion
How the work advances the field from the present state ofknowledge
Should be clear
Justify your work in the scientific field
Suggest future experiments
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Acknowledgments
Ensures those who helped in the research are recognised
Include individuals who have assisted with your study, including:
Advisors
Financial supporters Proofreaders
Typists
Suppliers who may have given materials, or provided a service
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References
Do not use too many references
Avoid excessive self-citations
Avoid excessive citations of publications from the same
region
Conform strictly to the style given in the Guide for Authors
Cite the main scientific publications on which your work
is based
Muite, B.K., Quinn, S.F., Sundaresan, S., Rao, K.K.. Silo music and silo
quake: granular flow-induced vibration Powder Technology. Elsevier
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References
Do not use too many references
Avoid excessive self-citations
Avoid excessive citations of publications from the same
region
Conform strictly to the style given in the Guide for Authors
Cite the main scientific publications on which your work
is based
Muite, B.K., Quinn, S.F., Sundaresan, S., Rao, K.K.. Silo music and silo
quake: granular flow-induced vibration Powder Technology. Elsevier
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Revision before submission
One of the MOST important things before submission. Youshould make every attempt to make the manuscript as good aspossible before submission.
After you complete the first draft, take several days of rest.Refresh your brain with different things. And come back withcritical eyes.
Ask your colleague and supervisors review your manuscript first.
Generally, taking enough time to revise your manuscript
before submission will bring you an early decision in return.
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Cover Letter
Your chance to speak to the editor directly
Submitted along with your manuscript
Mention what would make your manuscript special to the journal
Note special requirements (suggest reviewers, conflicts of interest)
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Cover Letter
Your chance to speak to the editor directly
Submitted along with your manuscript
Mention what would make your manuscript special to the journal
Note special requirements (suggest reviewers, conflicts of interest)
Final approval from all
authors
Explanation of importance
of research
Suggested reviewers
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You are submittingyour manuscript to a scientific
journal, not THROWING it out . Please cherish
your own achievements!
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Revision after review
Accompany the resubmission a letter of response to the reviewerscomments. Address the comments for each reviewer and the Editorpoint by point.
Cut and paste each comment, answer it directly below. Do not miss
any point
Identify where on the manuscript changes have been made (page andline number)
You are encouraged to provide a convincing, solid and polite answer if
you think a reviewer is wrong.
Remember: editors and reviewers hate to see the same
mistake twice!
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Going to another journal
If you want to submit the rejected manuscript to a different
journal, begin as if you are going to write a new article.
Please re-evaluate your work according to the comments from the
reviewers.
Read the Guide for Authors
Do not resubmit the rejected manuscript directly to another
journal without any significant revision! It wont save any of
your time and energy
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Which procedure do you prefer?
1. Send out a sloppily prepared manuscript get rejected
after 4-6 months send out again only a few days later
get rejected again sink into despair
2. Take 3-4 months to prepare the manuscript get the
first decision after 4 months revise carefully within
time limitation accepted
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Summary:
How do I build up my article properly? Title
Abstract
Keywords
Main text (IMRAD)
Introduction Methods
Results
And
Discussions
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Supporting Materials
Structure your article properly
Make sure each section of thepaper fulfills its purpose clearlyand concisely
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References and Acknowledgements
Guide for Authors of Elsevier journals.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/writing/index.html
Petey Young. Writing and Presenting in English. The RosettaStone of Science. Elsevier 2006
EDANZ Editing training materials. 2006 Jullian Eastoe. Co-editor, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
Peter Thrower. Editor-in-chief, Carbon
Roel Prins. Editor-in-chief, Journal of Catalysis
Nigel Cook. Editor-in-chief, Ore Geology Reviews.
Frans P. Nijkamp, Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Wilfred CG Peh. Editor, Singapore Medical Journal
Malcolm W. Kennedy. Professor, Institue of Biomedical and LifeSciences, University of Glasgow, UK
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/writing/index.htmlhttp://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/writing/index.htmlhttp://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/writing/index.htmlhttp://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/writing/index.htmlhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ -
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Journal X - 2005 Impact Factor
Cites in 2005 to articles published in Previous Two Years
2003 = 1166
2004 = 767
Total = 1933
Papers Published - Takes Previous two years, 2003 and 2004
2003 = 434
2004 = 369
Total = 803
Calculation
Cites in 2005 to 2003 & 2004 Articles 1933
= = 2.407
Articles in 2003 & 2004 803
JCR Impact Factor Calculation