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WORK STUDY

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Definition

Work study is a generic term for those techniques

which are used in the examination of human work

in all its contexts, and which lead systematically to

the investigation of all the factors which affect theefficiency and economy of the situation being

reviewed, in order to effect improvement.

Work study assumes that there is only one best

way to accomplish a task.

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Work study is used to associate two sets of

techniques:

1. Method study

2. Work measurement

(Work measurement is also known as time study)

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Method study

It is concerned with the way in which work

is done.

It is used to simplify the way to accomplish

a work and to improve the method of

production.

It results in a more effective use of

material, plant, equipment and manpower.

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Work measurement

Work measurement is concerned with the

value or work content of the task itself. It is

used to determine how long it should take

to carry out the job.

It provides a yardstick for human effort.

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Steps in work study

Work study consists of an eight step process.These are:

Step 1: Identify and select the job or process to

be studied.Step 2: Use direct observation for recording

everything that happens, using the most

effective recording techniques. Ensurethat the date are in the most convenient

form for further analysis.

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Step 3: Data and facts obtained in the previous

step are to be examined and analysed.

Step 4:Develop the most economical methodunder prevailing circumstances.

Step 5:Measure the quality of work involved in

the method defined by usingappropriate methods of measurement.

Calculate standard time for doing it by

adding rest allowance. Thus, determinethe work content.

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Step 6:Define the best method and related

time.

Step 7:Install the new method and trainpersonnel so that it conforms to the

agreed standard practices.

Step 8:Maintain the standard practice by aproper control mechanism.

KeywordSelect-Record-Examine-Develop-Evaluate-Define-install-Maintain

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Recording methods

1. Flow type diagram

2. Multiple Activity chart

3. Process chart4. SIMO (Simultaneous Motion Chart)

5. Memo motion

6. Cycle graphic

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Flow type diagram

These diagrams are the pictorial representation of the flow of

material in the factory while different sequence of operation,

transportation, inspection, delay and storage takes place.

There are three types of flow diagram

i. Flow diagram

ii. String diagramiii. Travel chart

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Flow diagram

It is a floor-planshowing the path of travel of the

operator or the material, through the plant.

It also indicates the direction of travel by means

of arrows, drawn on the diagram.

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String diagram

It is a scale plan or model on which a thread or

string is used to trace and measure the path of

workers/ materials during a specified sequence ofevents.

Length of the thread/string measures the distancemoved.

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Travel chart

It is a tabular record of quantitative data about movement

of workers/materials/equipment between any number of

places over a given period of time

It gives the details of volumetric data during travel between

work area.

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The outline flow process chart

It uses two symbols:

&

It provides an overall picture of the process / job / task.

Primarily it is used to show the sequence of operations &

inspections for a manufacturing or an assembly kind ofjobs.

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Flow process chart

It helps in setting out the sequence of the flow

of a product or a procedure by recording all

events under review using appropriate

process chart symbols. It covers symbols foroperations, inspection, storage, delay and

transportation.

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Process chart symbolsASME has recommended FIVE standard symbols to be used on

Process Charts, given below:

1. OPERATION

2. INSPECTION

3. TRANSPORTATION

4. DELAY

5. STORAGE

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