45838571 Learn French Italian Simultaneously Tutorial

7/30/2019 45838571 Learn French Italian Simultaneously Tutorial

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French & Italian Comparative Tutorial I: Learn TwoLanguages Simultaneously

Basic Phrases

English French Italian

Good day Bonjour BuongiornoGood evening Bonsoir Buona sera

Good night (going to bed) Bonne nuit Buona notte

Hello / Hi / Bye Salut CiaoGoodbye Au revoir Arrivederci

Thank you (very much) Merci (beaucoup) Grazie (mille)

You're welcome De rien PregoPlease S'il vous plat Per favore

How are you? (formal) Comment allez-vous ? Come sta?

How are you? (informal) a va? Come stai?

I'm (really) good. Je vais (trs) bien. Sto (abbastanza) bene.

I'm ok. Comme ci, comme a. Cos cos.

Bad / not bad Mal / pas mal Male / Non c' male

What's your name? (f) Comment vous appelez-vous ? Come si chiama?

What's your name? (in) Tu t'appelles comment ? Come ti chiami?My name is Je m'appelle Mi chiamo

Where are you from? (f) D'o venez-vous ? Di dov' Lei?

Where are you from? (in) Tu es d'o ? Di dove sei?

I'm from. Je suis de Sono di

How old are you? (f) Quel ge avez-vous ? Quanti anni ha?

How old are you? (in) Tu as quel ge ? Quanti anni hai?

I'm ___ years old. J'ai ___ ans. Ho ___ anni.

Yes / No Oui / Non Si / No

Do you speak ? (f) Parlez-vous ParlaDo you speak ? (inf) Est-ce que tu parles Parli

I (don't) speak Je (ne) parle (pas) (Non) parlo

I (don't) know Je (ne) sais (pas). (Non) lo so.

Do you understand? (f) Comprenez-vous? Capisce?

Do you understand? (inf) Est-ce que tu comprends ? Capisci?

I (don't) understand Je (ne) comprends (pas). (Non) capisco.

Can you help me? (f) Pouvez-vous m'aider ? Pu aiutarmi?

Can you help me? (inf) Est-ce que tu peux m'aider ? Puoi aiutarmi?

Of course. Bien sr CertamenteI would like Je voudrais Vorrei

Where is / are ? O est / sont ? Dov' / Dove sono ?


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masculine form, with the feminine ending in parentheses.(In French, you generally add -e to formthe feminine; while in Italian, you change -o to -a). If there is only one form of an adjective given,then it is the same for masculine and feminine (such as malade in French).

There are two ways to say "you" in both languages, formally (f) or informally (inf). The formal youis the polite form and should be used with people you do not know or with people to whom youwant to show respect. The informal you should be used with children and animals, and with close

friends and family.

Pronunciation

The major difference in pronunciation between the two languages is that French has several silentletters, while every letter must be pronounced in Italian. In addition, French contains fourdistinctive nasal vowels that do not exist in Italian.

Vowels

Vowels in French are somewhat complex (12). Vowels in Italian are much simpler (7). Vowels that

do not exist in English are highlighted.

French Vowels Italian VowelsEnglish

Pronunciation

[i] vie, midi, lit, riz [i] vita meet

[y] rue, jus, tissu, usine ee rounded

[e] bl, nez, cahier, pied [e] vedi wait

[] jeu, yeux, queue, bleu ay rounded

lait, aile, balai, reine era bet

[] sur, uf, fleur, beurre eh rounded

[a] chat, ami, papa, salade [a] kane not

[ ] bas, ne, grce, chteau ah longer

[u] loup, cou, caillou, outil [u] uva boot

[o] eau, dos, escargot, htel [o] sole coat

[ ] sol, pomme, cloche,horloge

[ ] modo law

[ ] fentre, genou, cheval,cerise

rut

I'm using the International Phonetic Alphabet symbols for the vowels and a rough phonetic

transcription for those who do not know the IPA.

French has three front rounded vowels that do not exist in English, but you can learn to pronouncethem correctly because their unrounded counterparts do exist in English. To pronounce [y], roundyour lips when saying [i]; to pronounce [], round your lips when saying [e]; and to pronounce [],

round your lips when saying []. The distinction between [a] and [] continues to disappear in

modern French, so don't worry about trying to distinguish these two sounds.

Pronouncing Italian vowels is rather easy. The only problems arise when distinguishing the two e'sand o's. If the vowel is stressed, then it is always closed [e] and [o]. If the vowel is not stressed, it is

always open [] and []. This can change according to regional dialects in Italy, of course, but this is

the standard rule.

Nasal Vowels, Semi-Vowels/Consonants, & Diphthongs


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The four nasal vowels are a distinctive feature of French. There are also three semi-vowels. InItalian, there are two semi-vowels, several diphthongs and a few triphthongs.

French nasal

vowels

French semi-

vowels

Italian semi-

vowels

[ ] gant, banc,

dent

[w] oui, Louis [w] quando, uomo

pain, vin,linge

lui, suisse [j]piano, ieri,piove

brun, lundi,parfum

[j]oreille,Mireille

rond, ongle,front

The distinction between the two nasals and is disappearing in French. Italian semi-vowels

are written ua, ue, uo, ui for [w] and ia, ie, io, iu for [j]. If another vowel precedes u or i, then it is adiphthong: ai, ei, oi, au, eu. The combination iu + another vowel creates a triphthong.

Consonants

French consonants

ex + vowel egz examen, exercice eg-zah-mawn, eg-zehr-sees

ex + consonant eksexceptionnel,expression

ek-sehp-see-oh-nel, ek-spreh-

see-ohn

ch (Latinorigin)

sh architecte, archives ar-shee-tekt, ar-sheev

ch (Greekorigin)

korchestre,archologie

ohr-kehs-tr, ar-kay-oh-loh-zhee

ti + vowel(except )

see dmocratie, nationday-moh-krah-see, nah-see-

ohn

Italian consonant + vowel combinations

c + a, o, u, he,hi

k amica, amico, amicheah-mee-kah, ah-mee-koh, ah-

mee-keh

c + ia, io, iu, e,i

ch bacio, celebre, cinemabah-cho, cheh-leh-breh, chee-

neh-mah

g + a, o, u, he,hi

g gara, gusto, spaghettigah-rah, goo-stoh, spah-geh-

tee

g + ia, io, iu, e,i

dj Giotto, gelato, magico djoh-toh, djeh-lah-toh, mah-djee-koh

sc + a, o, u, he,hi

sk scala, scuola, scheda skah-lah, skoo-oh-la, skeh-dah

sc + ia, io, iu, e,i

shsciarpa, sciupato,scemo

shar-pah, shoo-pah-toh, sheh-

moh

In both languages, s is generally pronounced the same as in English, except when it is between twovowels, then it is pronounced like z. H is always silent.

Double consonants in Italian must be pronounced individually: il nonno (eel nohn-noh) ispronounced differently than il nono (eel noh-noh)

Liaison in French forces a preceding consonant to be pronounced before the following vowel of thenext word. Normally, this consonant is silent, but it must be pronounced at the beginning of the next


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word: trs (treh) and heureux (uh-ruh) become treh zuh-ruh when pronounced together. S and x arepronounced as z, d as t and f as v in liaisons.

Stress

In general, stress falls on the last syllable in French and the second-to-last syllable in Italian. Ifstress falls on the last syllable in Italian, the vowel is written with an accent mark (la citt).

However, it is also possible for the stress in Italian to fall on the third-to-last syllable (America,telefono) and even the fourth-to-last syllable (telefonano) in third person plural verb conjugations.

Alphabet


A ah ah

B bay bee

C say chee

D day dee

E uh eh

F eff eff-eh

G zhay zhee

H ahsh ahk-kah

I ee ee

J shee ee loon-gah

K kah kahp-pah

L ell ehl-eh

M emm ehm-ehN enn ehn-eh

O oh oh

P pay pee

Q kew kooR air ehr-reh

S ess ehs-seh

T tay tehU ew oo

V vay vooW doo-blah-vay dohp-pyah vooX eeks eeks

Y ee-grek ee greh-kah

Z zed dzeh-tah

Numbers

English French Italian English French Italianzero zro zero


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one un uno first premier (re) primo (a)

two deux due second deuxime secondo (a)

three trois tre third troisime terzo (a)

four quatre quattro fourth quatrime quarto (a)

five cinq cinque fifth cinquime quinto (a)six six sei sixth sixime sesto (a)

seven sept sette seventh septime settimo (a)

eight huit otto eighth huitime ottavo (a)

nine neuf nove ninth neuvime nono (a)

ten dix dieci tenth dixime decimo (a)

eleven onze undici eleventh onzime undicesimo (a)

twelve douze dodici twelfth douzime dodicesimo (a)

thirteen treize tredici thirteenth treizime tredicesimo (a)

fourteen quatorze quattordici fourteenth quatorzimequattordicesimo(a)

fifteen quinze quindici fifteenth quinzime quindicesimo (a)

sixteen seize sedici sixteenth seizime sedicesimo (a)

seventeen dix-sept diciassette seventeenth dix-septimediciassettesimo(a)

eighteen dix-huit diciotto eighteenth dix-huitime diciottesimo (a)

nineteen dix-neuf diciannove nineteenth dix-neuvime diciannovesimo(a)

twenty vingt venti twentieth vingtime ventesimo (a)

twenty-one vingt et un ventuno twenty-first vingt et unime ventunesimo (a)

twenty-two vingt-deux ventidue twenty-second vingt-deuxime ventiduesimo (a)

twenty-three vingt-trois ventitre twenty-third vingt-troisime ventitreesimo (a)

thirty trente trenta twenty-fourth vingt-quatrimeventiquattresimo(a)

forty quarante quaranta twenty-fifth vingt-cinquime venticinquesimo(a)

fifty cinquante cinquanta

sixty soixante sessanta one-half une moiti un mezzo

seventy soixante-dix settanta one-third un tiers un terzo

eighty quatre-vingts ottanta one-fourth un quart un quarto

ninety quatre-vingt-dix novanta

hundred cent cento once une fois una volta

hundred one cent un centuno twice deux fois due volte

two hundred deux cents duecento three times trois fois tre volte


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thousand mille mille

million un million un milione

When writing numbers, switch the use of commas and periods. For example, 4.50 in English wouldbe written as 4,50 in French and Italian. In French, cent has a plural form: cents, but mille isinvariable (there is no plural form); while in Italian, cento is invariable and mille has a plural form:

mila.French telephone numbers are ten digits, beginning with zero, and the country code is 33 (Belgium:32, Switzerland: 41, Canada: 1). Italian telephone numbers are between 8 and 11 digits, most

beginning with zero, and the country code is 39.

Articles & Demonstratives

Definite and Indefinite Articles

Definite Article (the) French ItalianIndefinite Article (a,

an)French Italian

masculine singular le il masculine singular un unbegins with vowel l' l' begins with vowel un un

begins with s + cons. lo begins with s + cons. uno

masculine plural les i masculine plural des dei

plural of l' and lo gli plural: di + gli degli

feminine singular la la feminine singular une una

begins with vowel l' l' begins with vowel une un'

feminine plural les le feminine plural des delleArticles are slightly more complicated in Italian. The rows in italics only concern Italian and notFrench. If a masculine Italian noun begins with s + consonant, z, gn, ps, x, or i + vowel, you mustuse lo as the definite article (instead ofil). However, la is still used for allfeminine Italian nounsthat begin with those same letters. Only il changes to i in the plural, while l' and lo change to gli.Feminine articles are more simple: la and l' change to le in the plural. The plural indefinite articlecan be expressed assome in English, but it is not always used.

Demonstrative Adjectivesthis / these + noun French Italian that / those + noun French Italian

masculine singular ce questo masculine singular ce quel

begins with vowel cet quest' begins with vowel cet quell'

begins with s + cons. questo begins with s + cons. quello

masculine plural ces questi masculine plural ces quei

plural of l' and lo questi plural: di + gli quegli

feminine singular cette questa feminine singular cette quella

begins with vowel cette quest' begins with vowel cette quell'

feminine plural ces queste feminine plural ces quelleIn French, ce, cet, and cette can be translated as this or that, while ces can be translated as these orthose. If you would like to be precise, you can add -ci to the end of the noun to specify this/these(for what is close to you), and -l to the end of the noun to specify that/those (for what is furtheraway from you). For example, cette chaise-ci means this chairwhile cette chaise-l means thatchair. In Italian, two distinct forms exist to distinguish between what is close and what is far away:


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quest- for close, and quel- for far away.

In Italian, demonstrative adjectives (which precede nouns) and demonstrative pronouns (which takethe place of nouns) have very similar forms. In French, the demonstrative pronouns have differentforms. You can add -ci and -l to the French demonstrative pronouns to specify what is close(this/these) and what is far away (that/those): celui-ci means this one, while celui-l means thatone.

Demonstrative Pronounsthis / these + verb French Italian that / those + verb French Italian

masculine singular celui questo masculine singular celui quello

masculine plural ceux questi masculine plural ceux quelli

feminine singular celle questa feminine singular celle quella

feminine plural celles queste feminine plural celles quelle

Nouns: Gender & NumberThere are two genders of nouns in both languages, masculine and feminine, and two numbers,singular and plural. Adjectives agree in gender and number with nouns, so you must learn thegender with each noun in order to form grammatically correct phrases. Usually the last letter of thenoun will tell you which gender it is.

GenderIn French, masculine singular nouns generally end with a consonant, - age or -ment. Femininesingular nouns generally end with -ure, -sion, -tion, -ence, -ance, -t, and -ette.

In Italian, masculine singular nouns generally end with -o or -ore. Feminine singular nouns

generally end with -a or -zione. Nouns ending with -e and -ista can be either gender, so you mustlearn those individually. A few masculine nouns end with -a: il problema, il tema, il teorema, il

poeta, il cinema, il programma; and a few feminine nouns end with -o: la mano, la radio, la foto, lamoto.

In most cases, the gender of a noun is the same in French and Italian. But there are some cases inwhich the genders are reversed. (For example, names of cities and letters of the alphabet aremasculine in French, but feminine in Italian.)

Masculine in French / Feminine in Italian Feminine in French / Masculine in Italian

English French Italian English French Italian

air l'air l'aria affair, case l'affaire l'affareart l'art l'arte tooth la dent il dente

calm le calme la calma oil l'huile l'olio

number/digit

le chiffre la cifra limit la limite il limite

couple le couple la coppia sea la mer il mare

Sunday le dimanche la domenica method la mthode il metodo

summer l't l'estate minute la minute il minuto

forehead le front la fronte panic la panique il panico

guide le guide la guida period la priode il periodospring le printemps la primavera planet la plante il pianeta

sand le sable la sabbia second la seconde il secondo


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evening le soir la sera attempt la tentative il tentativo

NumberIn French, singular nouns generally add -s (unless the noun already ends in -s, -z, or -x, then theychange nothing for the plural), though nouns ending in -au, -eau, and -eu add -x instead (or change-al/-ail to -aux) to form the plural. (Exceptions: festival, carnaval, bal, pneu, bleu, landau, dtail,chandail all add -s) There are also seven nouns ending in -ou that add -x instead of -s: bijou,caillou, chou, genou, pou, joujou, hibou

French Irregular Plurals: l'il - les yeux (eye-eyes); le ciel - les cieux (sky-skies); le jeune homme- les jeunes gens (young man-young men); and three nouns are masculine in the singular, butfeminine in the plural: amour, dlice, orgue

In Italian, singular nouns that end with -o or -e, whether masculine or feminine, change to -i in theplural. Feminine nouns change -a to -e in the plural. Monosyllabic nouns, nouns that end with anaccented letter, with a consonant, and with -i do not change in the plural. Nouns ending in -ca, -go,-ca, and -ga add an -h before the plural ending (as a rule of pronunciation). Nouns that end with -io

can either change to -ii in the plural (if the i of -io is stressed), or to -i (if the i of -io is not stressed).

Italian Irregular Plurals: l'uomo - gli uomini (man-men); il dio - gli dei (god-gods); il bue - i buoi(beef); il centinaio - le centinaia (century-centuries); il dito - le dita (finger-fingers); il riso - lerisa (laughter); l'uovo - le uova (egg-eggs); l'ala - le ali (wing-wings); l'arma - le armi (weapon-weapons); la mano - le mani (hand-hands)

Personal Pronouns

Subject PronounsDirect Object

PronounsIndirect Object

PronounsDisjunctive Pronouns

English French Italian English French Italian English French Italian English French Italian

I je io me me mi me me mi me moi me

you (s,inf)

tu tuyou (s,inf)

te tiyou (s,inf)

te tiyou (s,inf)

toi te

you (s,f)

vous Leiyou (s,f)

vous Layou (s,f)

vous Leyou (s,f)

vous Lei

he / she il / ellelui /lei

him /her

le / la lo / lahim /her

lui gli / lehim /her

lui /elle lui / lei

one /

weon si

we nous noi us nous ci us nous ci us nous noi

you (pl,inf/f)

vous voiyou (pl,inf)

vous viyou (pl,inf)

vous viyou (pl,inf)

vous voi

they(m/fem)

ils /elles

loro them les li them leur loro themeux /elles

loro

s = singular, pl = plural, inf = informal, f = formal, m = masculine, fem = feminine

There is more than oneyou in both languages, depending on how many people you are speaking toand how informal or formal you are being. In French, tu is singular and informal (when speaking toone person, such as a family member); while vous is plural, whether informal or formal (whenspeaking to more than one person) AND singular and formal (when speaking to one person, whomyou do not know well or to whom you'd like to show respect). In Italian, tu is informal and singular,


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while Lei is formal and singular and voi is plural, whether informal or formal. Keep in mind thatLei takes a third person singular form when conjugating verbs (same as for he/she - lui/lei).

On and si are used as an abstract subject meaning one, they, you, we, people in general, etc. Thereare several translations of this into English where the subject doesn't refer to any person alreadymentioned: They say it's going to rain today. How areyou supposed to do this? What should one dowith $10 million? In addition, the French on is very commonly used to mean we instead ofnous ineveryday conversation. It always take a third person singular form when conjugating verbs, eventhough it refers to more than one person.

In both languages, if you want to useitto refer to a noun, you must know the gender. For example,il in French can mean he orit, depending on what noun the pronoun refers to. Il est petit, legaron. He is small, the boy. Il est petit, le lit. It is small, the bed.Notice that they can also betranslated in two ways in French (ils and elles), depending on the gender of the noun.

Verbs: Be, Have, Do

Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense

tre / essere - to be

suis sono tais ero serai sar

es sei tais eri seras sarai

est tait era sera sar

sommes siamo tions eravamo serons saremo

tes siete tiez eravate serez sarete

sont sono taient erano seront saranno

avoir / avere - to have

ai ho avais avevo aurai avr

as hai avais avevi auras avraia ha avait aveva aura avr

avons abbiamo avions avevamo aurons avremo

avez avete aviez avevate aurez avrete

ont hanno avaient avevano auront avranno

faire / fare - to do, make

fais faccio faisais facevo ferai far

fais fai faisais facevi feras farai

fait fa faisait faceva fera far

faisons facciamo faisions facevamo ferons faremofaites fate faisiez facevate ferez farete

font fanno faisaient facevano feront farannoPast tense here refers to the imperfect, not preterite.

In French, the subject pronoun must always be used before the verb conjugations. When the verbbegins with a vowel,je becomesj' and is connected to the verb (j'ai). In informal speech, the samehappens with tu, it becomes t' and is connected to the following verb (t'as). In Italian, you do nothave to use the subject pronouns, unless you want to emphasize the subject or to avoid ambiguity.

There are several common and idiomatic expressions with the verbs avoir and avere, which

translate to be in English:to be hungry avoir faim avere fameto be thirsty avoir soif avere sete


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to be warm avoir chaud avere caldo

to be cold avoir froid avere freddo

to be right avoir raison avere ragione

to be wrong avoir tort avere torto

to be sleepy avoir sommeil avere sonno

to be afraid (of) avoir peur (de) avere paura (di)to be # years old avoir # ans avere # anni

to need avoir besoin de avere bisogno di

to want, feel like avoir envie de avere voglia di

There is another verb in Italian that means to be, stare. But this verb is only used in expressionsrelating to health and feelings and when expressing the progressive form (be + gerund in English).


stare - tobe

sto stavo star

stai stavi staraista stava star

stiamo stavamo staremo

state stavate starete

stanno starano staranno

Interrogatives / Conjunctions / Adverbs


who qui chi because parce que perchwhose de qui di chi and et e

what qu'est-ce que / quoi che cosa / che / cosa or ou o

where o dove but mais ma

where from d'o di dove if si se

why pourquoi perch not pas non

when quand quando very trs molto

how comment come also aussi anche

how much combien quanto while pendant mentre

which quel(le) quale since depuis dathat que che although bien que bench

Days / Months / Seasons


Monday lundi luned January janvier gennaio

Tuesday mardi marted February fvrier febbraio

Wednesday mercredi mercoled March mars marzo

Thursday jeudi gioved April avril aprile


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Friday vendredi venerd May mai maggio

Saturday samedi sabato June juin giugno

Sunday dimanche domenica July juillet luglio

August aot agosto

spring le printemps la primavera September septembre settembresummer l't (m) l'estate (f) October octobre ottobre

autumn l'automne (m) l'autunno November novembre novembre

winter l'hiver (m) l'inverno December dcembre dicembre

The days of the week and months of the year are all masculine in both languages (except domenicain Italian). If you want to express an action that happens habitually on a certain day, use the definitearticle before the day: le lundi / il luned (on Mondays).In a season or a month is translated as enin French (except forin spring, which is au printemps) and in in Italian. When writing the date,use the definite article (le or il) plus the number and then the month: le 5 mai / il 5 maggio. For the

first day of a month, you must use premier orprimo instead of the number.

Time / Weather / Directions

What timeis it?

Quelle heure est-il ?

Che ora ? / Cheore sono?

What's theweather like?

Quel tempsfait-il ?

Che tempo fa?

At whattime?

A quelle heure ? A che ora? It's nice Il fait bonFa tempobuono

1:00 Il est une heure l'una It's beautiful Il fait beau Fa bel tempo

2:00 Il est deux heures Sono le due It's hot Il fait chaud Fa caldo

3:10Il est trois heuresdix

Sono le tre edieci

It's cold Il fait froid Fa freddo

19:50Il est vingt heuresmoins dix

Sono le ventimeno dieci

It's sunnyIl fait dusoleil

C' il sole

18:15Il est dix-huitheures et quart

Sono le diciotto eun cuarto

It's windyIl fait duvent

Tira vento

7:45Il est huit heuresmoins le quart

Sono le ottomeno un quarto

It's cool Il fait frais Fa fresco

15:30 Il est quinzeheures et demie

Sono le quindicie mezzo

It's bad Il faitmauvais

Fa bruttotempo

noon midi mezzogiorno It's foggyIl fait dubrouillard

C' la nebbia

midnight minuit mezzanotte It's cloudyIl faitnuageux

nuvoloso

exactly prcise in punto It's stormyIl faitorageux

Il tempo burrascoso

in the

morning du matin di mattina It's raining Il pleut Piovein the de l'aprs-midi del pomeriggio It's snowing Il neige Nevica


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afternoon

in theevening

du soir di sera It's freezing Il gleFa un freddogelido


afternoon l'aprs-midi (m) il pomeriggio sunrise le lever du soleilil levar delsole

century le sicle il secolo sunsetle coucher dusoleil

il tramonto

dawn l'aube l'alba time le temps il tempo

day le jour il giorno today aujourd'hui oggi

daybreak le point du jourla spuntar delgiorno

tomorrow demain domani

duskla tombe de la

nuitil far della notte week la semaine la settimana

evening le soir la sera year l'an (m) l'anno

fortnight la quinzaine la quindicina yesterday hier ieri

holiday la fte la festalast,

previousdernier (re) ultimo

hour l'heure (f) l'ora next prochain(e) prossimo

half hour une demi-heure una mezz'ora north nord nord

quarter hourun quart d'heure un quarto d'ora south sud sud

hour and

half

une heure et

demi

un'ora e mezzo east est est

leap year l'anne bissextile l'anno bisestile west ouest ovest

midnight la minuit la mezzanotte northeast nord-est nord-est

minute la minute il minuto northwest nord-ouest nord-ovest

month le mois il mese southeast sud-est sud-est

morning la matin la mattina southwest sud-ouest sud-ovest

night la nuit la notte to/on the left gauche a sinistra

noon le midi il mezzogiornoto/on theright

droite a destra

season la saison la stagione straight tout droit sempredirittosecond la seconde il secondo

Colors & Shapes


red rouge rosso (-a) square le carr il quadrato

pink rose rosa circle le cercle il cerchio

orange orange arancione triangle le triangle il triangoloyellow jaune giallo (-a) rectangle le rectangle il rettangolo


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green vert(e) verde oval l'ovale l'ovale

blue bleu(e)azzurro (-a)

box la bote la scatola

purplelila /violet(te)

viola sphere la sphre la sfera

brown brun(e) /marron

marrone cube le cube il cubo

black noir(e) nero (-a) pyramid la pyramide la piramide

white blanc(he)bianco (-a)

cone le cne il cono

gray gris(e) grigio (-a) cylinder le cylindre il cilindro

silver argent(e)argento (-a)

heart le cur il cuore

gold dor oro (-a) star l'toile (f) la stelladiamond le diamant il diamante

crescent le croissant la mezzaluna

Remember that colors are adjectives and they are placed after the noun they modify. In French, add-e to form the feminine; in Italian, change the final -o to -a. Adjectives that already end in -e do notchange for the feminine in either language. Adjectives that end in -a (such as lila or viola) tend to beinvariable and do not change at all, not even for the plural.

Family

family la famille la famiglia stepson le beau-fils il figliastro

mother la mre la madre stepsisterla belle-sur

la sorellastra

mom maman mamma stepbrotherle beau-frre

il fratellastro

father le pre il padre half-sisterla demi-sur

la sorellastra

dad papa pap half-brotherle demi-

frreil fratellastro

parents les parents i genitori mother-in-lawla belle-mre

la suocera

daughter la fille la figlia father-in-law le beau-pre il suocero

son le fils il figlio daughter-in-law la belle-fille la nuora

children les enfants i figli son-in-law le gendre il genero

sister la sur la sorella sister-in-lawla belle-sur

la cognata

brother le frre il fratello brother-in-law le beau-frre il cognato

wife la femme / la sposa godmother la marraine la madrina


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l'pouse

husband le mari / l'poux lo sposo godfather le parrain il padrino

grandmother la grand-mre la nonna girl la jeune fille la ragazza

grandfather le grand-pre il nonno boy le garon il ragazzo

grandparents les grands-parents i nonnibaby le bb il bambino

granddaughter la petite-fille la nipote woman la femme la donna

grandson le petit-fils il nipote man l'homme l'uomo

grandchildren les petits-enfants i nipoti adult l'adulte l'adulto

cousin (f) la cousine la cugina relatives les parents i parenti

cousin (m) le cousin il cugino twins les jumeaux i gemelli

aunt la tante la zia birth la naissance la nascita

uncle l'oncle lo zio death la mort la morteniece la nice la nipote marriage le mariage il matrimonio

nephew le neveu il nipote divorce le divorce il divorzio

stepmother la belle-mrelamatrigna

single clibataire celibe / nubile

stepfather le beau-pre il patrigno married mari(e) sposato (-a)

stepdaughter la belle-fillelafigliastra

divorced divorc(e)divorziato (-a)

Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns

Possessive Adjectives French Italian French Italian French Italian French Italian

adjective + noun masculine singular masculine plural feminine singular feminine plural

my mon il mio mes i miei ma la mia mes le mieyour (s) ton il tuo tes i tuoi ta la tua tes le tue

his / her son il suo ses i suoi sa la sua ses le sue

our notre il nostro nos i nostri notre la nostra nos le nostreyour (pl) votre il vostro vos i vostri votre la vostra vos le vostretheir leur il loro leurs i loro leur la loro leurs le loroIn Italian, you must always use the definite article before the possessive adjective, except withsingular family members that are not modified in any way. However, loro is invariable and always

preceded by the definite article. In both languages, you generally use the definite article instead of apossessive adjective when referring to parts of the body (because it is obvious who they belong to).

In Italian, possessive adjectives (which precede nouns) and possessive pronouns (which take theplace of nouns) have the same form. However, in French, there are different words for thepossessive pronouns.

Possessive Pronouns French Italian French Italian French Italian French Italian

verb + masculine masculine plural feminine singular feminine plural


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pronoun singular

mine le mien il mio les miens i miei la mienne la mia les miennes le mie

yours (s) le tien il tuo les tiens i tuoi la tienne la tua les tiennes le tue

his / hers le sien il suo les siens i suoi la sienne la sua les siennes le sue

ours le ntre il nostro les ntres i nostri la ntre la nostra les ntres le nostre

yours (pl) le vtre il vostro les vtres i vostri la vtre la vostra les vtres le vostretheirs le leur il loro les leurs i loro la leur la loro les leurs le loroRemember that the forms forher/hers in Italian can also be capitalized and use for the singularformalyour/yours: il Suo / i Suoi / la Sua / le Sue.

French & Italian Comparative Tutorial II: Learn TwoLanguages Simultaneously

Adjectives: Gender & Number

Adjectives are placed afterthe noun they describe in French and Italian, though there are a fewcommon adjectives that are placed before the noun (adjectives of beauty, age, goodness and size).They also must agree in gender and number with the noun. Most of the rules for changing genderand number in both languages are the same for adjectives as they are for nouns.

GenderIn French, add -e to the masculine adjective to form the feminine. If the masculine adjective already

ends in -e, then add nothing (the masculine and feminine forms are the same). There are severalother rules for forming feminine adjectives in French: -x changes to -se, -il, -el, and -eil change to-ille, -elle, and -eille, -et changes to -te, -en and -on change to -enne and -onne, -er changes to -re,-f changes to -ve, -c changes to -che, -g changes to -gue, -eur changes to -euse if adjective is derivedfrom verb, -eur changes to -rice if adjective is not same as verb, -eur changes to -eure withadjectives of comparison. Three common adjectives are irregular, and generally precede the noun:

beau - belle (beautiful); nouveau - nouvelle (new); vieux - vieille (old). These three adjectives alsohave an alternate form that is used before masculine adjectives that begin with a vowel: bel, nouvel,vieil.

In Italian, masculine adjectives change -o to -a for the feminine. Adjectives that end in -e can be

masculine or feminine.

NumberIn French, add -s to a singular adjective to form the plural, unless it already ends in -s, -x, or -z(adjectives ending in these letters are the same in the singular and plural).

In Italian, singular masculine adjectives change -o to -i and singular feminine adjectives change -ato -e to form the plural. Adjectives ending in -e (regardless of gender) change to -i for the plural.Same as for nouns, adjectives ending in -ca, -go, -ca, and -ga add an -h before the plural ending.Adjectives that end with -io can either change to -ii in the plural (if the i of -io is stressed), or to -i(if the i of -io is not stressed).

In both languages, when an adjective describes more than one noun of different genders, theadjective will be masculine plural. Mes amis et mes amies sont tous italiens. / I miei amici e le


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mie amiche sono tutti italiani.My male friends and my female friends are all Italian. However, inItalian, the adjective can also agree with the noun that is closest to it.

nice gentil / gentille gentile ugly laid/e brutto/a

mean mchant/e meschino/a open ouvert/e aperto/a

great / large grand/e grande closed ferm/e chiuso/a

small petit/e piccolo/a wide large largo/along long/ue lungo/a narrow troit/e stretto/a

short (length) court/e corto/a hot chaud/e caldo/a

tall grand/e alto/a cold froid/e freddo/a

short (height) petit/e basso/a dirty sale sporco/a

newnouveau /nouvelle

nuovo/a clean propre pulito/a

young jeune giovane quiet tranquille zitto/a

old vieux / vieille vecchio/a loud bruyant/e rumoroso/a

first premier /premire

primo/a thin maigre magro/a

next prochain/e prossimo/a big / fat gros / grosse grasso/a

last dernier / dernire ultimo/a empty vide vuoto/a

same mme stesso/a full plein/e pieno/a

different diffrent/e differente slow lent/e lento/a

good bon / bonne buono/a fast vide veloce

bad mauvais/e cattivo/a happy content/e felice

beautiful beau / belle bello/a sad triste triste

Remember for adjectives, you add-e to form the feminine in French; while in Italian, you change-o to -a.

Verbs: Come, Go


venir / venire - tocome

viens vengo venais venivo viendrai verr

viens vieni venais venivi viendras verrai

vient viene venait veniva viendra verr

venons veniamo venions venivamo viendrons verremovenez venite veniez venivate viendrez verrete

viennent vengono venaient venivano viendront verranno

aller / andare - togo

vais vado allais andavo irai andr

vas vai allais andavi iras andrai

va va allait andava ira andr

allons andiamo allions andavamo irons andremo

allez andate alliez andavate irez andrete

vont vanno allaient andavono iront andrannoAller and andare can both be used to indicate the future, as doesgo in English: to be going to +infinitive. In French, aller is followed directly by the infinitive, but in Italian, the preposition a is


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placed between andare and the infinitive.

Je vais partir. / Vado a partire.I'm going to leave.

Asking Questions

Yes / No QuestionsThe easiest way to form yes/no questions in both languages is to add n'est-ce pas to the end ofFrench statements and non vero to the end of Italian statements. These phrases are similar to thetags that English adds to the end of questions, and therefore there are several translations intoEnglish.

Tu es une tudiante, n'est-ce pas ? / Sei una studentessa, non vero? You're a student, aren'tyou?

You can also change the word order to form yes/no questions. In French, you invert the subject andverb and write them together with a hypen. If the verb ends in a vowel, you must add -t- betweenthe verb and subject for ease of pronunciation. And if there is a subject other than the subject

pronoun, you leave the subject at the beginning and invert the subject pronoun and verb. In Italian,you simply add a question mark to the end of the sentence and raise the intonation of your voice. Orif there is a subject, you can move it to the end of the sentence.

Parlez-vous allemand ? / Parlate tedesco? Do you speak German?Le garon a-t-il faim ? / Ha fame, il ragazzo? Is the boy hungry?

Another way to form yes/no questions in French involves adding est-ce que before the statement:Est-ce que vous parlez allemand ? You can also simply add a question mark and raise theintonation of your voice to form questions in French, but this is informal and not advised in writing:Vous parlez allemand ?

Interrogative QuestionsFor questions that begin with wh- words or phrases in English, you use question word + inversionof subject and verb in French and simply the question word + verb in Italian. You can also usequestion word + est-ce que + subject + verb in French if you do not want to use inversion. A third,and informal, way of forming wh- questions in French is to use the question word + subject + verb(no est-ce que and no inversion).

Quelle heure est-il ? / Che ore sono? What time is it?

Negatives

In French, ne and pas are placed around the verb to make the phrase negative. (In everyday spokenFrench, ne is often dropped, but it must always be written). In Italian, non is placed before the verb.

Il n'est pas triste. / Non triste.He is not sad.Tu n'es pasparti ? / Non partito? You haven't left?Je ne joue pas au foot. / Non gioco a calcio.I don't play soccer.

Other negatives use two words in both languages. Ne or non is placed before the verb, and the otherword is placed after. Unlike English, it is possible to use two negative words in a sentence.


never ne...jamais non...mai

no longer, no more ne...plus non...pi

nothing ne...rien non...niente


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nobody ne...personne non...nessuno

neither...nor ne...ni...ni non...n...n

Work & School


actor l'acteur l'attore lawyer l'avocat l'avvocato

actress l'actrice l'attrice mechanic le mcanicien il meccanico

author l'crivain l'autore musician le musicienil/ lamusicista

baker le boulanger il fornaio nurse l'infirmire l'infermiera

bookseller le libraire il libraio optician l'opticien l'ottico

businessman le commerant il commerciante painter le peintre il pittore

butcher le boucher il macellaio pharmacist le chimiste il chimico

clerk le vendeur il commesso photographer le photographe il fotografo

cook le cuisinier il cuoco policeman l'agent de police la guardia

customer le client il cliente postman le facteur il portalettere

dentist le dentiste il dentista priest le cur il prete

doctorle mdecin /docteur

il medico /dottore

publisher l'diteur l'editore

employee l'employ l'impiegato shoemaker le cordonnier il calzolaio

engineer l'ingnieur l'ingegnere singer le chanteur il cantante

fisherman le pcheur il pescatore soldier le soldat il soldato

gardener le jardinier il giardiniere student l'tudiant lo studente

hairdresser le coiffeur il parrucchiere surgeon le chirurgien il chirurgo

jeweler le bijoutier il gioielliere teacher l'instituteur il maestro

journalist le journaliste il giornalista typistledactylographe

il dattilografo

judge le juge il giudice workman l'ouvrier l'operaio


accounting le comptabilit la ragioneria history l'histoire (f) la storia

architecture l'architecture l'architettura law le droitlagiurisprudenza

art l'art l'arte (f) linguistics le linguistique la linguisticaastronomy l'astronomie l'astronomia literature la littrature le lettere

biology la biologie la biologia mathematicslesmathmatiques

la matematica

business les commerces il commercio medicine la mdecine la medicina

chemistry la chimie la chimica music la musique la musica

computerscience

l'informatique l'informatica philosophy la philosophie la filosofia

earth sciencela science de la

terra

la scienza della

terra

physical

education

l'ducation

physique

l'educazione

fisicaeconomics l'conomie l'economia physics la physique la fisicaengineering l'ingnieur l'ingegneria political la science le scienze


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science politique politiche

foreignlanguages

les languestrangres

la linguastraniera

psychology la pyschologie la psicologia

geography la gographie la geografia science la science la scienza

geometry la gomtrie la geometria sociology la sociologie la sociologia

In the French school system,foreign languages is referred to as les langues vivantes (livinglanguages).

Countries & Nationalities


Africa l'Afrique (f) l'Africa Indonesia l'Indonsie (f) l'Indonesia

African africain/e africano/a Indonesian indonsien/ne indonesiano/a

Albania l'Albanie l'Albania Ireland l'Irlande (f) l'Irlanda

Albanian albanais/e albanese Irishman irlandais/e irlandese

America l'Amrique (f) l'America Israel l'Isral l'Israele

American amricain/e americano/a Israeli isralien israeliano/a

Argentina l'Argentine (f) l'Argentina Italy l'Italie (f) l'Italia

Argentine argentin/e argentino/a Italian italien/ne italiano/a

Asia l'Asie (f) l'Asia Japan le Japon il Giappone

Asian asiatique asiatico/a Japanese japonais/e giapponese

Australia l'Australie (f) l'Australia Latvia la Lettonie la Lettonia

Australian australien/neaustraliano/a

Latvian letton/ne lettone

Austria l'Autriche (f) l'Austria Lithuania la Lituanie la Lituania

Austrian autrichien/ne austriaco/a Lithuanian lituanien/ne lituano/a

Belgian belge belga Luxembourger luxembourgeois/e lussemburghese

Belgium la Belgique il Belgio Luxembourg le Luxembourg il Lussemburgo

Bosnia la Bosnie la Bosnia Macedonia la Macdoine la Macedonia

Bosnian bosniaque bosniaco/a Macedonian macdonien/ne macedone

Brazil le Brsil il Brasile Malta Malte (f) Malta (f)

Brazilian brsilien/ne brasiliano/a Maltese maltais/e maltese

British brittanique britannico/a Netherlands les Pays Bas i Paesi BassiBulgaria la Bulgarie la Bulgaria Dutch nerlandais/e olandese

Bulgarian bulgare bulgaro/a New Zealandla Nouvelle-Zlande

la NuovaZelanda

Canada le Canada il CanadaNewZealander

no-zlandais/e neozelandese

Canadian canadien/ne canadese Norway la Norvge la Norvegia

China la Chine la Cina Norwegian norvgien/ne norvegese

Chinese chinois/e cinese Poland la Pologne la Polonia

Croatia la Croatie la Croazia Polish polonais/e polacco/a

Croatian croate croato/a Portuguese portugais/e portoghese

Czech tchque ceco/a Portugal le Portugal il Portogallo


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CzechRepublic

la RpubliqueTchque

laRepubblicaCeca

Romanian roumain/e romeno/a

Danish danois/e danese Romania la Roumanie la Romania

Denmark le DanemarklaDanimarca

Russia la Russie la Russia

Egypt l'Egypte (f) l'Egitto Russian russe russo/aEgyptian gyptien/e egiziano/a Scotland l'Ecosse la Scozia

England l'Angleterre (f) l'Inghilterra Scottish cossais/e scozzese

English anglais/e inglese Serbia la Serbie la SerbiaEstonia l'Estonie l'Estonia Serbian serbe serbo/a

Estonian estonien/ne estone Slovakia la Slovaquie la Slovacchia

Europe l'Europe (f) l'Europa Slovak slovaque slovacco/aEuropean europen/ne europeo/a Slovenia la Slovnie la Slovenia

Finland la Finlande la Finlandia Slovene slovne sloveno/aFinnish finnois/e finlandese Spain l'Espagne (f) la SpagnaFrance la France la Francia Spanish espagnol/e spagnolo/a

French franais/e francese Swedish sudois/e svedese

German allemand/e tedesco/a Sweden la Sude la Svezia

Germany l'Allemagne (f) la Germania Switzerland la Suisse la Svizzera

GreatBritain

la Grande-Bretagne

la GranBretagna

Swiss suisse svizzero/a

Greece la Grce la Grecia Turkey la Turquie la Turchia

Greek grec/grecque greco/a Turk turc/turcque turco/aHungarian hongrois/e ungherese Ukrainian ukrainien/ne ucraino/a

Hungary la Hongrie l'Ungheria Ukraine l'Ukraine l'Ucraina

Iceland l'Islande l'IslandaUnitedKingdom

la Royaume-Uni il Regno Unito

Icelandic islandais/e islandese United States les Etats-Unis gli Stati UnitiIndia l'Inde l'India Wales le Pays-de-Galles Galles

Indian indien/ne indiano/a Welsh gallois/e galleseThe article is not used with Malta in either language.

Prepositions & Contractions

Prepositions are highly idiomatic in any language, so it is always better to learn them in commonphrases. Nevertheless, here are the most common prepositions:


to, in, at a

in, to en / dans in

on sur su

with avec con

without sans senza

for pour per


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from, by de da

of de di

over / above au-dessus sopra

under / below au-dessous sotto

in front of devant dietro

behind derrire di fronte anear prs de vicino a

far loin de lontano aIn both languages, possession is shown by using de ordi (of) rather than the - 's in English:

le chat de Luca / il gatto di LucaLuca's cat (or the cat of Luca)

In French and de combine with the definite articles: + le = au, + les = aux, de + le = du, de +les = des. Italian has several more contractions involving prepositions and articles:

il lo l' la i gli le

a al allo all' alla ai agli alleda dal dallo dall' dalla dai dagli dalle

di del dello dell' della dei degli delle

in nel nello nell' nella nei negli nelle

su sul sullo sull' sulla sui sugli sulle

con col collo coll' colla coi cogli colle

Usually no article is used with in before words denoting rooms in a house or buildings in a city. Thecontractions with con are rarely used nowadays, but you will see them in older writings.

Verbs: Know


savoir /sapere - toknow facts

sais so savais sapevo saurai sapr

sais sai savais sapevi sauras saprai

sait sa savait sapeva saura sapr

savons sappiamo savions sapevamo saurons sapremo

savez sapete saviez sapevate saurez saprete

savent sanno savaient sapevano sauront sapranno

connatre /conoscere -to know

people,places;to beacquaintedwith

connais conosco connaissais conoscevo connatrai conoscer

connais conosci connaissais conoscevi connatras conoscerai

connat conosce connaissait conosceva connatra conoscer

connaissons conosciamo connaissions conoscevamo connatrons conosceremo

connaissez conoscete connaissiez conoscevate connatrez conoscerete

connaissent conoscono connaissaient conoscevano connatront conosceranno

Food & Meals



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bacon le bacon il lardo lunch le djeuner il pranzo

beef le buf il manzo meal le repas il pasto

beer la bire la birra meat la viande la carne

beverage la boisson la bevanda milk le lait il latte

biscuit le biscuit il biscotto mustard la moutarde la mostarda

bread le pain il pane mutton le mouton la carne dimontone

breakfast le petit djeuner la colazione oil l'huile (f) l'olio

butter le beurre il burro omelet l'omelette (f) la frittata

cake la gteau la torta pepper le poivre il pepe

candy le bonbon la caramella pie la tarte la torta

cheese le fromage il formaggio pork le porc il maiale

chicken le poulet il pollo rice le riz il riso

chocolate le chocolat il cioccolato roast le rti l'arrosto

coffee le caf il caff roll le petit pain il paninocookie le biscuit il biscotto salad la salade l'insalata

cottage cheese le fromage blanc la ricotta salami le salami il salame

cotton candy la barbe papa lo zucchero filato salt le sel il sale

cream la crme la panna sauce la sauce la salsa

dessert le dessert la frutta sausage la saucisse la salsiccia

dinner le dner la cena soup la soupe la minestra

egg l'uf (m) l'uovo steak le bifteck la bistecca

fat la graisse il grasso stew la ragot lo stufato

flour la farine la farina sugar le sucre lo zuccheroham le jambon il prosciutto supper le souper la cena

hamburger le hamburger l'hamburger tea le th il t

honey le miel il miele toast le pain grill il pane tostato

hot dog le hot-dog l'hot dog veal la veau la carne di vitello

ice la glace il ghiaccio vegetables le lgume il legumeice cream la glace il gelato vinegar le vinaigre l'aceto

jam la confiture la marmellata water l'eau l'acqua

juice le jus il succo wine le vin il vinolollipop la sucette il leccalecca yogurt le yaourt lo yogurt

Verbs: Can, Want, Must


pouvoir / potere - to beable to, can

peux posso pouvais potevo pourrai potr

peux puoi pouvais potevi pourras potrai

peut pu pouvait poteva pourra potr

pouvons possiamo pouvions potevamo pourrons potremo

pouvez potete pouviez potevate pourrez potretepeuvent possono pouvaient potevano pourront potranno


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vouloir / volere - towant

veux voglio voulais volevo voudrai vorr

veux vuoi voulais volevi voudras vorrai

veut vuole voulait voleva voudra vorr

voulons vogliamo voulions volevamo voudrons vorremo

voulez volete vouliez volevate voudrez vorrete

veulent vogliono voulaient volevano voudront vorranno

devoir / dovere - tohave to, must

dois devo devais dovevo devrai dovr

dois devi devais dovevi devras dovrai

doit deve devait doveva devra dovr

devons dobbiamo devions dovevamo devrons dovremo

devez dovete deviez dovevate devrez dovrete

doivent devono devaient dovevano devront dovranno

Fruits & Vegetables


almond l'amande (f) la mandorla lentil la lentille la lenticchia

apple la pomme la mela lettuce la laitue la lattuga

apricot l'abricot (m) l'albicocca lime le citron vert la limettaartichoke l'artichaut (m) il carciofo melon le melon il melone

asparagus l'asperge (f) l'asparago mint la menthe la menta

avocado l'avocat l'avocado mushroom le champignon il fungo

banana le banane la banana oats l'avoine (f) l'avenabarley l'orge (f) l'orzo olive l'olive (f) l'oliva

bean (broad) la fve la fava onion l'oignon (m) la cipollabean(kidney)

le haricot il fagiolo orange l'orange (f) l'arancia

berry la baie la bacca parsley le persil il prezzemolo

broccoli le brocoli i broccoli pea le petit pois il pisello

cabbage le choux il cavolo peach la pche la pescacarrot la carotte la carota pear la poire la pera

cauliflower le chou-fleur il cavolfiore pepper le poivron il peperonecelery le cleri il sedano pine le pin il pinocherry la cerise la ciliegia pineapple l'ananas (m) l'ananasso

chestnutla chtaigne, lemarron

la castagna plum la prune la susina

chives la ciboulette la cipollina potatola pomme deterre

la patata

corn la mas il granoturco pumpkin le potiron la zucca

cucumber le concombre il cetriolo radish le radis il ravanello

currant la groseille il ribes raspberry la framboise il lamponecypress le cyprs il cipresso rice le riz il riso

date la datte il dattero rye le seigle la segale


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eggplant l'aubergine (f) la melanzana sage la sauge la salvia

fig la figue il fico seed la graine il seme

fruit le fruit la frutta spinach les pinards (m) gli spinaci

garlic l'ail (m) l'aglio strawberry la fraise la fragola

grapefruitle

pamplemousseil pompelmo tomato la tomate il pomodoro

grapes le raisin l'uva turnip le navet la rapa

hazelnut la noisette la nocciola vine la vigne la vite

herb l'herbe (f) l'erba walnut la noix la noce

horse-radish le raifort la barbaforte watermelon la pastque l'anguria

leaf la feuille la foglia wheat le froment il frumento

lemon le citron il limone zucchini le courgette la zucchinaTo specify the type of tree that a certain fruit grows on, just make the noun masculine and add -ierto the French fruit / change the last letter of the Italian fruit to -o (sometimes the fruit and the treewill be the same). la pomme / la mela - apple; le pommier / il melo - apple tree

There is, are : Il y a / C'e, ci sono

Il y a is the French expression for there is or are. C' is Italian for there is, while ci sono meansthere are.

il y a une chaise / c' una sedia there is a chairil y a trois chats / ci sono tre gattithere are three cats

Il y a also means ago in French when it precedes a time period. In Italian, you add fa after the timeperiod.

il y a un mois / un mese faone month ago

Necessity: Il faut / Bisogna, Occorre, Ci vuole

To express necessity, such as must, have to, need (to), require, it's necessary to, etc. French uses ilfaut + verb or a noun (whether singular or plural). Italian has several more expressions: bisogna +verb; oroccorre + verb; occorre + singular noun / occorrono + plural noun; orci vuole + singularnoun / ci vogliono + plural noun. The verbs will always be in the infinitive.

Il faut faire des courses. / Bisogna fare la spesa. You must / It's necessary to go grocery shopping.

Il faut acheter du pain. / Occorre comprare pane. You must buy bread.Il faut du lait. / Occorre il latte. We need milk.Il faut des biscuits. / Ci vogliono i biscotti. We need cookies.

Partitive

In French, you must always expresssome, especially when speaking about food, even though youdo not have to do this in English. Partitives are formed by using de (of) + definite article: du, de l',de la and des in the positive; but in the negative, only de ord' are used. The partitive (contractionswith di) is not required in Italian. You may use it in positive sentences, but never in negativesentences.

Est-ce que tu prends du vin ou de l'eau ? / Prendi (del) vino o (dell') acqua? Are you having(some) wine or (some) water?


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J'ai achet des livres intressants. / Ho comprato (dei) libri interessanti. I bought (some)interesting books.Je n'ai pas pass de bonnes vacances. / Non ho passato buone vacanze. I didn't have a goodvacation.

French Italian 3

French & Italian Comparative Tutorial III: Learn TwoLanguages Simultaneously

Verbs: Present & Past Tenses

In both languages, there are three types of verbs grouped according to the last letters of theinfinitive. In French, there are -er, -re, and -ir verbs; while in Italian, there are -are, -ere, and -ireverbs. The following chart uses aimer/amare (to love); vendre/vendere (to sell); and finir/finire(to finish) as examples for all regular verbs in the present and imperfect tenses. (There is another

simple past tense, the preterite, but it is rarely used in modern spoken French or Italian).

French Italian

aimer vendre finir amare vendere finire

Present Tense

aime vends finis amo vendo finisco

aimes vends finis ami vendi finisci

aime vend finit ama vende finisceaimons vendons finissons amiamo vendiamo finiamo

aimez vendez finissez amate vendete finite

aiment vendent finissent amano vendono finiscono

Imperfect Tense

aimais vendais finissais amavo vendevo finivo

aimais vendais finissais amavi vendevi finivi

aimait vendait finissait amava vendeva finiva

aimions vendions finissions amavamo vendevamo finivamo

aimiez vendiez finissiez amavate vendevate finivate

aimaient vendaient finissaient amavano vendevano finivanoNot all French verbs that end in -ir or all Italian verbs that end in -ire use the above endings. Some-ir / -ire verbs have slightly different endings in the present tense. In French, verbs such as partir,dormir, sortir (to leave, to sleep, to go out) are conjugated thus: for the singular forms, take off thelast three letters, and add -s, -s, -t; for the plural forms, take off the last two letters, and add -ons,-ez, -ent. For example,je pars, tu pars, il part, nous partons, vous partez, ils partent. In Italian,verbs such as partire, dormire, aprire (to leave, to sleep, to open) are conjugated without the -isc-

before the regular endings. For example, parto, parti, parte, partiamo, partite, partono.

Regular Verbs

to like, love aimer amare to sell vendre vendere

to sing chanter cantare to wait for attendre aspettare


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to look for chercher cercare to listen couter ascoltare

to begin commencer cominciare to lose perdre perdere

to study tudier studiare to answer rpondre () rispondere (a)

to close fermer chiudere to go down descendre scendere

to live habiter abitare to live vivre vivere

to play jouer giocare to understand comprendre capireto eat manger mangiare to finish finir finire

to show montrer mostrare to choose choisir scegliere

to speak parler parlare to punish punir punire

to think penser pensare to fill remplir riempire

to work travailler lavorare to obey obir () ubbidire (a)

to find trouver trovare to succeed russir riuscire

to jump sauter saltare to cure, heal gurir guarire

Spelling Changes in the Present Tense

There are a few spelling changes in regular verbs in the present tense. These changes are made toreflect the pronunciation of the conjugated verb.

In French, verbs that end in -ger will use -geons as the first person singular form (nous mangeons);while verbs that end in -cer will use -ons as the first person singular form (nous commenons).Verbs that end in -yer change the y to i in all forms except nous and vous (j'essaie, tu essaies, nousessayons). Some verbs add an accent grave to the letter e to all forms except nous and vous(j'achte, il achte, vous achetez). Some verbs double the consonant before the verb endings in allforms except nous and vous (tu appelle, elle appelle, vous appelez).

In Italian, verbs ending in -care and -gare add an h before the -i of the second person singular andfirst person plural forms (tu and noi). Verbs ending in -ciare and -giare do not add an extra -i beforethe tu and noi forms.

Irregular Imperfect Verbs

In French, there is only one verb in the imperfect that is irregular, tre. It uses the stem t- and theregular imperfect endings.

tre

tais tionstais tiez

tait taient

In Italian, the stem of essere becomes er- forio, tu, lui/lei and loro, and it does not take the v, whilethe stem fornoi and voi is era- and it does take the v. The stems for bere, dire and fare are derivedfrom the old Latin infinitives, and are beve-, dice-, and face-. They also take the regular endings ofthe imperfect.

essere bere dire fareero eravamo bevevo bevevamo dicevo dicevamo facevo facevamo

eri eravate bevevi bevevate dicevi dicevate facevi facevateera erano beveva bevevano diceva dicevano faceva facevano


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Pronominal Verbs

Pronominal verbs are conjugated like regular verbs, but have an extra pronoun before them thatagrees with the subject of the verb. Most of these verbs indicate a reflexive action - that reflects

back on the subject. You can translate the pronouns as myself, yourself, etc. but we rarely use thesewords in English. Some other verbs indicate a reciprocal action, translated by each otherin English.

myself me miyourself te ti

himself/herself/itself se si

ourselves nous ci

yourselves vous vi

themselves se siReflexive verbs

to break (arm, leg,etc.)

se casser rompersi to fall asleep s'endormir addormentarsi

to hurry se dpcher sbrigarsi to get dressed s'habiller vestirsito relax se dtendre rilassarsi to get married se marier sposarsi

to rest se reposer riposarsi to get up se lever alzarsi

to get alongs'entendreavec

intendersicon

to have a goodtime

s'amuser divertirsi

to train/practice s'entraner allenarsi to remember tose souvenirde

ricordarsi di

to be interested in s'intresser interessarsidi

to shave (theface)

se raser farsi la barba

to be bored s'ennuyer annoiarsi to stop (oneself) s'arrter fermarsito be called s'appeler chiamarsi to wake up se rveiller svegliarsi

to complain about se plaindre lamentarsi di to wash up se laver lavarsiNotice in French that the reflexive pronoun precedes the infinitive, whereas in Italian, it

is connected to the end of the infinitive.

When conjugating verbs, the reflexive pronoun is always placed before the conjugated verb in bothlanguages. However, in sentences where the pronominal verb remains in the infinitive, the reflexive

pronoun must agree with the subject of the main verb in the sentence.

Nous nous levons 8h chaque matin. / Ci alziamo alla 8 ogni mattina. We get up at 8 am everymorning.

Il s'appelle Michael. / Si chiama Michael. He's called Michael.Vous allez vous amuser ce soir. / Andate a divertirvi stasera. You're going to have fun tonight.

Etre sur le point de / Stare per + infinitive

If you want to express to be about to do something, French uses tre sur le point de + infinitiveand Italian uses stare per + infinitive. You can use these expressions in the present and imperfect,

just as in English.

J'tais sur le point de russir. / Stavo per riuscire. I was about to succeed.On est sur le point de manger. / Stiamo per mangiare. We're about to eat.Vous tes sur le point de finir. / State per finire. You are about to finish.


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Etre en train de / Stare + gerund

To translate that an action is currently happening (the progressive form in English: be + gerund),French uses the phrase tre en train de + infinitive, while Italian uses stare + gerund. Rememberthat tre and stare can be conjugated in other tenses besides the present or imperfect. To form thegerund in Italian, just replace the verb endings: -are becomes -ando, -ere becomes -endo, and -irealso becomes -endo. There are three irregular forms: fare - facendo, dire - dicendo, bere - bevendo.

Je suis en train de lire. / Sto leggendo. I am reading. / I'm busy reading. / I'm in the middle ofreading.Il tait en train de parler. / Stava parlando. He was talking.Elles sont en train de partir. / Stanno partendo. They are leaving.

On / Si

To translate you, we, they, the people (in general, abstract terms), French uses on + 3rd personsingular conjugation whereas Italian uses si + 3rd person conjugation (which agrees with thesubject for number). However, on in French is a regular subject pronoun while si is not in Italian. Itis actually a reflexive pronoun normally used with pronominal verbs. But this should not causemany problems as you rarely use the subject pronouns in Italian anyway. The subject for the Italianexpression is placed after the verb and the verb agrees with it - singular or plural.

En France, on boit beaucoup de caf. / In Francia, si beve molto caff. In France, they drink alot of coffee. / In France, a lot of coffee is drunk.En Italie, on mange beaucoup de glaces. / In Italia, si mangiano molti gelati. In Italy, they eat alot of ice cream. / In Italy, a lot of ice cream is eaten.

French uses this same construction (reflexive pronoun + 3rd person conjugation) for the impersonalform and as a subsitute for the passive mood. For example,in the French Le pain s'achte la

boulangerie the verb is constructed the same as in the Italian Al panificio si compra il pane. It'sjust the word order that is slightly different. Both sentences meanBread is bought at the bakery, butthe French construction is not used as often because active expressions with on are more common:On achte le pain la boulangerie.

Plaire / Piacere

Because the verbs aimer and amare means to like andto love, it would be better to use the verbsplaire and piacere when talking about things that you like. The construction of these verbs can beconfusing though because the word order is different from English. In French, the word order issubject + indirect pronoun + plaire. In Italian, the word order is indirect pronoun + piacere +

subject. You can think of these verbs as meaning to please rather than to like. Note that the verbs areonly conjugated for third person singular and plural, because they agree with the subjects, and notthe indirect pronouns.

Le football me plat. Mi piace il calcio. I like soccer.

Le ski te plat. Ti piace lo sci. You like skiing.

Les pommes lui plaisent. Gli / Le piacciono le mele. He / she likes apples.

Le sport nous plat. Ci piace lo sport. We like sports.

Les films vous plaisent. Vi piacciono i film. You like films.

La natation leur plat. A loro piace il nuoto. They like swimming.

Verbs: Imperative


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The imperative is the command form of the verb. The subject (you) is implied and doesn't need tobe expressed. You can also use the we form of verbs to expressLet's... The imperative conjugationsare very similar to the present tense conjugations in both languages.

Imperatives in French are slightly easier to form. Theyou singularform is identical to the tuconjugations, except -er verbs drop the -s. Theyou singular formal / you pluraland we forms areidentical to the vous and nous conjugations. To form the negative of an imperative, just place ne

before the verb and pas after. For pronominal verbs, the affirmative imperative is formedconnecting the reflexive pronoun to the verb with a hyphen (te becomes toi in imperatives). To formthe negative pronominal imperative, the reflexive pronoun is once again placed before the verb andne is placed before the pronoun and verb, and pas is placed after the verb.

Reste l. Stay there.Finis ton travail. Finish your work.Ecoutez le professeur. Listen to the teacher.Commenons. Let's begin.Ne fume pas. Don't smoke.Ne parlez pas. Don't speak.

Dpche-toi. Hurry.Ne vous levez pas. Don't get up.

Italian imperatives are not quite as similar to the present tense conjugations. Theyou singularformis -a for -are verbs and -i for -ere/-ire verbs. Theyou singular formal(the Lei form) is the opposite:-i for -are verbs and -a for -ere/-ire verbs. Theyou pluraland we forms are identical to the voi andnoi conjugations (just as in French). To make a command negative, just add non before the verb;except for you singularimperatives, where you use non + the infinitive. Pronominal verbs form theimperative by placing the reflexive pronoun after the verb, and they are written together as oneword. Negative imperatives for pronominal verbs just add non before the verb; except for you

singularpronominal verbs, which use non + the infinitive. However, the reflexive pronoun

attached to this infinitive must still agree with the subject, so it will be -ti and not -si.Resta l. Stay there.Finisci il tuo lavoro. Finish your work.Ascoltate il professore. Listen to the teacher.Cominciamo. Let's begin.Non fumare. Don't smoke.Non parlate. Don't speak.Sbrigati. Hurry.Non alzatevi. Don't get up.

French Irregular

ImperativesItalian Irregular Imperatives

tre avoir savoir andare venire fare dare dire essere avere stare

yousingular

sois aie sache va' vieni fa' da' di' sii abbi sta'

yousing.formal

soyez ayez sachez vada venga faccia dia dica sia abbia stia

youplural

soyez ayez sachez andate venite fate date dite siate abbiate state

Let's soyons ayons sachons andiamo veniamo facciamo diamo diciamo siamo abbiamo stiamoIn Italian, dare is to give and dire is to tell.


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Verbs: Present Perfect / Past Perfect Tenses

The perfect tenses in French and Italian are formed with to have orto be as auxiliary verbs and apast participle. (In English, to have is always the auxiliary verb.) To have or to be are in the presenttense for the present perfect, and in the imperfect tense for the past perfect. The majority of verbswill use to have as the auxiliary verb; however, all prononimal/reflexive verbs in both languages useto be as the auxiliary. To form the past participle of a verb, use the following endings:

French Italian

-er /-are

- -ato

-ir /-ire

-i -ito

-re /-ere

-u -uto

Verbs using to have (avoir/avere) as an auxiliaryVerbs that can take a direct object use to have as an auxiliary. Word order is simply

present/imperfect form of have + past participle. In the negative, word order becomes ne +present/imperfect of have + pas + past participle for French, and non + present/imperfect of have +past participle for Italian. There is no agreement with the past participle in gender or number unlessthere is apreceding direct object. Follow the same rules for agreement as you do with nouns andadjectives: add -e for feminine and -s for plural in French; change -o to -a for feminine, -o to -i formasculine plural, and -o to -e for feminine plural in Italian.

French Italian English

Positive Tu as mang la pomme. Hai mangiato la mela. You ate the apple.

NegativeTu n'as pas mang lapomme.

Non hai mangiato lamela.

You didn't eat the apple.

Preceding DirectObject

Tu ne l'as pas mange. Non la hai mangiata. You didn't eat it.

Verbs using to be (tre/essere) as an auxiliaryVerbs that cannot take a direct object (i.e. intransitive verbs), as well as all pronominal verbs,generally use to be as an auxiliary. Word order is present/imperfect form of be + past participle forintransitive verbs and reflexive pronoun + present/imperfect form of be + past participle for

prononimal verbs. In the negative, word order becomes ne + reflexive pronoun + present/imperfectof be + pas + past participle for French, and non + reflexive pronoun + present/imperfect of be +

past participle for Italian. The past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject forall verbs using to be as an auxiliary.

French Italian English

Positive Elle est alle la poste.E andata allaposta.

She went to the post office.

Negative Elle n'est pas alle la poste.Non andata allaposta.

She didn't go to the postoffice.

PositivePronominal

Nous nous sommes lav(e)s. Ci siamo lavati/e. We washed ourselves.

NegativePronominal

Nous ne nous sommes paslav(e)s.

Non ci siamolavati/e.

We didn't wash ourselves.

The verbs that require to be (tre) as an auxiliary in French are: aller-to go, sortir-to go out, venir-to come, mourir-to die, arriver-to arrive, partir-to leave, devenir-to become, monter-to go up,entrer-to enter, tomber-to fall, revenir-to come back, rester-to stay, rentrer-to return home,retourner-to return, natre-to be born, passer-to go by (pass), descendre-to go down. Only a few


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of these verbs have irregular past participles: venir-venu, devenir-devenu, revenir-revenu,mourir-mort, and natre-n. And five of these verbs (monter, descendre, sortir, rentrer, andpasser) can sometimes be conjugated with avoir if they are followed by a direct object.

Some verbs that require to be (essere) as an auxiliary in Italian are: arrivare-to arrive, andare-togo, uscire-to go out, entrare-to enter, costare-to cost, venire-to come, essere-to be, partire-toleave, stare-to stay/be, sparire-to disappear, tornare-to come back, nascere-to be born, morire-todie. Five of these verbs have irregular past participles: venire-venuto, essere-stato, stare-stato,nascere-nato, and morire-morto.

Note that avoir and tre both use avoir as an auxiliary in French, but that avere usesavere and essere uses essere as an auxiliary in Italian! And remember that the past participleagrees with a preceding direct object when the auxiliary is to have; but the past participle agreeswith the subject when the auxiliary is to be.

Venir de / Appena

To express that something has just happened, use a form ofvenir + de + infinitive in French, and aform of the correct auxiliary verb + appena + past participle in Italian.

Le train vient de partir. / Il treno appena partito. The train just left.

House & Furniture


alarmclock

le rveil la sveglia hook le crochet l'uncino

armchair le fauteuil la poltrona house la maison la casa

ashtray le cendrier il portacenere iron (flat) le fer repasser

il ferro da stiro

attic le grenier la soffitta kerosene le ptrole il petrolio

balcony le balcon il balcone key la clef la chiave

basement le sous-sol il sottosuolo kitchen la cuisine la cucina

basket la corbeille la cesta ladder l'chelle (f) la scala

bathroom le bain il bagno lamp la lampe la lampada

bathtub la baignoirela vasca dabagno

lawn la pelouse il prato

batteries la pile le pile light bulb l'ampoule la lampadinabed le lit il letto living room le living il soggiorno

bedroom la chambre la camera lock la serrure la serratura

bell (door) la sonnette il campanello mailboxla bote lettres

la cassetta postale

blanket la couverture la coperta matches les allumettes i fiammiferi

blinds le store la persiana mattress le matelas il materasso

bookcase le bibliothque la libreriamicrowaveoven

le four micro-ondes

il fornomicroonde

box la botre la scatola mirror le miroir lo specchiobroom le balai la scopa oven le four il fornello

bucket le seau il secchio pantry le garde- la dispensa


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manger

camcorder la camra la telecamera picture le tableau il quadro

cameral'appareil-photo(m)

la macchinafotografica

pillow l'oreiller (m) il cuscino

candle la bougie la candela pipe la pipe la pipa

carpet le tapis il tappeto pipe (water) le tuyau il condottocassette la cassette la cassetta poker le tisonnier l'attizzatoio

CD player la lecteur de CD il lettore CD radio le radio la radio

ceiling le plafond il soffito record le disque il disco

chair la chaise la sedia refrigerator le rfrigerateur il frigorifero

chimney la chemine il camino roof le toit il tetto

cigar le cigare il sigaro room la pice la stanza

cigarette la cigarette la sigaretta rug le tapis il tappeto

clock la pendule l'orologio sheet le drap il lenzuolo

closet le placard l'armadio shelf l'tagre lo scaffalecompactdisc

le CD il compact disc shovel la pelle la pala

computer l'ordinateur (m) il computer shower la douche la doccia

corner le coin l'angolo sideboard le buffet la credenza

cupboard l'armoire (f) l'armadio sink l'vier il lavandino

curtain le rideau la cortina / tendasink(bathroom)

le lavabo il lavandino

cushion le coussin il cuscino sitting room le salon il salotto

desk le bureau la scrivania smoke la fume il fumodiningroom

la salle manger la sala da pranzo sofa le canap il sof

door la porte la porta stairs l'escalier (m) la scala

drawer le tiroir il cassetto steps les marches lo scalino

dresser la commode il com story l'tage (m) il piano

driveway l'alle il viale d'accesso stove le pole la stufa

DVDplayer

le lecteur deDVD

il lettore DVD studyle cabinet detravail

lo studio

fence le portail /clture lo steccato switch lecommutateur l'interruttore

film la pellicule il rullino table la table la tavola

fire le feu il fuoco tap (faucet) le robinet il rubinetto

flame la flamme la fiamma telephone le tlphone il telefono

flashlightla lampe depoche

la pila tascabile television la tlvision il televisore

flatl'appartement(m)

l'appartamento toaster le grille-pain il tostapane

floor la plancher il pavimento toilet (WC) le cabinet il gabinetto

floor(levels)

l'tage (m) il piano towel la serviette la salvietta


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flower la fleur il fiorevacuumcleaner

l'aspirateur(m)

l'aspiratore (m)

freezer la conglateur il congelatore vase le vase il vaso

front walk la promenade la passeggiata VCRlamagntoscope

ilvideoregistratore

furniture les meubles (m) i mobili wall (house) le mur il murogarage le garage il garage wall (room) la paroi la parete

garden le jardin il giardino window la fentre la finestra

groundfloor

le rez-de-chausse

il pianterreno yard le jardin il giardino

hearth la chemine il caminetto

Buildings & Materials


airport l'aroport l'aeroporto port le port il portobakery la boulangerie la panetteria prison la prison la prigione

bank le banc la banca restaurant le restaurant il ristorante

bar le bar il bar roadle chemin / laroute

il cammino / lavia

barn le grange il granaio school l'cole la scuola

barracks la caserne la caserma sidewalk le trottoir il marciapiede

bench le banc la panchina square la place la piazzabridge le pont il ponte stable l'curie (f) la stalla

bookstore le librairie la libreria stadium le stade lo stadiobuilding le btiment l'edificio stop sign le stop lo stopbutcher's la boucherie la macelleria store le magasin il negozio

castle le chteau il castello street la rue la strada

cathedral la cathdrale il duomo suburb la banlieue il sobborgo

cemetery le cimetire il cimitero theater le thtre il teatro

church l'glise la chiesa tower la tour la torre

cinema le cinma il cinema town la ville la citt

consulate le consulat il consolato town hall la mairie il municipio

corner le coin l'angolotrafficlight

le feu decirculation

il semaforo

courtyard la cour il cortile university l'universit l'universit (f)

crosswalkle passage pourpitons

il passaggiopedonale

village le village il villaggio

dock le bassin il bacino alloy l'alliage (m) la legadrycleaner's

le pressing la tintoria brass le laiton l'ottone (m)

embassy l'ambassade (f) l'ambasciata brick la brique il mattone

factory l'usine (f) la fabbrica cement le ciment il cementofarm la ferme la fattoria chalk la craie la cretafire hydrant la bouche l'idrante clay l'argile (f) l'argilla


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incendie

fountain la fontaine la fontana coal le charbon il carbone

garage le garage il garage concrete le bton il calcestruzzo

grocerystore

l'picerie la drogheria copper le cuivre il rame

hospital l'hpital (m) l'ospedale (m) cork le lige il sugherohotel l'hotel l'albergo (m) glass le verre il vetro

house la maison la casa gold l'or (m) l'oro

hut la hutte la capanna iron le fer il ferro

inn l'auberge (f) l'osteria lead le plomb il piombo

lane / alley la ruelle il vicolo leather le cuir il cuoio

library la bibliothque la biblioteca lime la chaux la calce

market le march il mercato marble le marbre il marmo

ministry le ministre il ministero mercury le mercure il mercurio

monument le monument il monumento metal le mtal il metallomuseum le muse il museo rubber le caoutchouc la gomma

palace le palais il palazzo silver l'argent (m) l'argento

path le sentier il sentiero steel l'acier (m) l'acciaio

pavement le trottoir il marciapiede stone la pierre la pietra

pharmacy la pharmacie la farmacia tar le goudron il catrame

pier la jete il molo tin l'tain (m) lo stagno

policestation

le commisariat il commissariato wood le bois il legno

French & Italian Comparative Tutorial IV: Learn TwoLanguages Simultaneously

Comparatives / Superlatives

Comparatives of Superiority, Inferiority, and Egality


more ... than plus ... que / plus de ... que pi ... che / pi ... di

less ... than moins .... que / moins de... que meno ... che / meno ... di

as ... as aussi ... que / autant de ... que cos... come / tanto ... quantoFrench comparatives are less complicated than Italian comparatives. Plus... que, moins... que, andaussi... que are used with adjectives, while plus de... que, moins de... que and autant de... que areused with nouns. In Italian, pi...che and meno... che are used when comparing two qualities of thesame thing, and with adjectives, verbs or adverbs; while pi... di and meno... di are used whencomparing two different things. Cos... come and tanto... quanto are used interchangeably withadjectives, but tanto...quanto can also compare two quantities (in which case, the words agree ingender and number with the noun they describe).


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Marc a plus d'amis que d'amies. / Marco ha pi amici che amiche. Mark has more male friendsthan female friends.Paul est plus grand que Franco. / Paolo pi alto di Franco. Paul is taller than Frank.Paris est aussi belle que Rome. / Parigi cos bella come Roma. Paris is as beautiful as Rome.

Superlatives

Use the correct form of the definite article if using an adjective, or just the masculine singular formif using an adverb, and plus / moins orpi / meno. The preposition de / di (plus contractions, ifneeded) means in with all superlatives.

If the adjective follows the noun, you must repeat the definite article before thesuperlative form in French, but not in Italian.

C'est la ville la plus riche d'Italie. / la citt pi ricca d'Italia. It's the richest city in Italy.

Irregular Forms


adjective - comparative - superlative

good - better - best bon - meilleur/e - le/la meilleur/e buono - migliore - il/la migliorebad - worse - worst mauvais - pire - le/la pire cattivo - peggio - il/la peggiore

little - less - least petit - moindre - le/la moindre piccolo - minore - il/la minimo

adverb - comparative - superlative

well - better - best bien - mieux - le mieux bene - meglio - il meglio

badly - worse - worst mal - pis - le pis male - peggio - il peggiolittle - less - least peu - moins - le moins poco - meno - il meno

much - more - most beaucoup - plus - le plus molto - pi - il pi

Clothing & Toiletries


apron le tablier il grembiale silk la soie la seta

barrette la barrette il fermaglio skirt la jupe la gonnabathrobe le peignoir l'accappatoio sleeve la manche la manica

belt la ceinture la cintura slippers les pantoufles la pantofola

blouse le chemisier la camicetta soap le savon il sapone

boot la botte lo stivale sock les chaussettes il calzino

brale soutien-gorge

il reggiseno stocking le bas la calza

bracelet le bracelet il braccialettosuit (men /women)

le costume / letailleur

l'abito / ilvestito

brush la brossela spazzola percapelli

sunglasses les lunettes de soleilgli occhiali dasole

buckle la boucie la fibbia suspenders les bretelles le bretelle

button le bouton il bottone sweater le pull-over il maglione

cap la casquette il berretto swimsuit le maillot de bai

45838571 Learn French Italian Simultaneously Tutorial

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