451-1281-1-PB.pdf
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14 AGRITECH, Vol. 26, No. 1 Maret 2006 ETILEN LUKA, AKTIVITAS ENZIM PEROKSIDASE, POLIFENOL OKSIDASE, DAN FENIL ALANIN LIASE PADA IRISAN MESOKARP LABU KUNING Wound Ethylene, Activity of Peroxidase, Polyphenol Oxidase, and Phenyl Alanine Amonia Lyase Enzymes in Wounded Winter Squash Fruit Mesocarp Tissue ABSTRACT Winter squash fruit is a non-climateric fruit which produced very low ethylene as intact fruit but peeled or sliced mesocarp produced a considerably high wound-ethylene. In certain level of concentration, ethylene could induce various reaction in the wound tissue. This study has objectives of obtaining informations on the influence of wound ethylene on the activities of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase (PAL) which catalyze some physiological process related with the changes in colour, flavour, and taste in the wound fruit tissue or its products. Experiments in this study were conducted in continous phase of 44 hours using flowthrough system at 25 °C. Analysis and measuremets were done for ethylene, POD, PPO, and PAL enzymes at certain time interval. The sample used were disks of 9 mm in deameter and 2 mm thickness and cylinders of 14 mm in deameter and 2 cm in heihgt. The Results of this study indicated that the presence of wound combined with the certain level of wound ethylene formation induced the POD enzyme activity. The PPO activity increased proportionally with the increased surface area ratio to the fresh weight of wounded tissue. PAL activity was only evident 3 hours after wounding. The PAL activity increased following the same pattern of wound ethylene formation. The larger the woundsurface area ratio to the fresh weight of the tissue, the more ethylene were produced, and the higher the activities of those enzymes. Various pretreatments could effectively suppress the formation of wound ethylene and lowered activities of those enzymes. Keywords : wound ethylene, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenyl alanine ammonia lyase, winter squash fruit PENDAHULUAN Jaringan mesokarp labu kuning yang terluka (karena terpotong atau teriris) dapat memproduksi etilen cukup tinggi, yang dikenal dengan wound ethylene (etilen luka) (Hyodo, 1977; Hyodo et al., 1983). Etilen luka ini, pada jaringan tanaman lain, dapat menginduksi atau memicu aktivitas beberapa enzim. Rasa sepet atau pahit dapat disebabkan oleh terbentuknya senyawa tertentu dalam metabolisme fenolat yang dapat dipicu oleh etilen luka. Pada jaringan luka khususnya pada buah-buahan, meningkatnya produksi etilen luka diikuti oleh proses respirasi yang juga meningkat dan disebut wound respiration. Dalam hal ini etilen luka dapat memicu berbagai proses metabolisme ikutan, seperti peningkatan aktivitas enzim peroksidase (POD) (Grischbach, 1981), polifenol oksidase (PPO) dan fenilalanin amonia lyase (PAL) (Imaseki et al., 1968; Hyodo & Yang, 1971a dan 1971b). Metabolisme fenolat dapat pula berkaitan dengan pembentukan zat warna selain pembentukan fenil propanoida (Yang & Pratt, 1978). Enzim POD dan PPO berperan dalam mengkatalisasi berbagai proses oksidatif pada reaksi perubahan warna, cita rasa, dan pembentukan senyawa toksin sebagai reaksi atas serangan patogen atau luka pada jaringan tanaman. Enzim PAL memiliki peran dalam proses metabolisme fenolat yang merupakan rangkaian reaksi metabolisme utama dalam jaringan tanaman dengan produk antara lain asam klorogenat. Dari hasil penelitian sebelumnya telah diketahui bahwa luas muka luka sangat mempengaruhi produksi etilen luka (Murdijati-Gardjito, 2001). Apakah ini juga mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim-enzim belum diketahui. 1) Murdijati Gardjito Mochamad Adnan Tranggono 1) 1) 1) Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sosio Yustisia, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281. Jurusan Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian,
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Transcript of 451-1281-1-PB.pdf
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