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Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction Introduction to Sustainable Construction Pablo Pascual Muñoz This lesson is published under the License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 Master in European Construction Engineering

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  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Pablo Pascual MuozThis lesson is published under the License:

    Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0

    Master in European Construction Engineering

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    1. The energy crisis

    2. Energy efficiency

    3. Environmental Certification

    MODULE CONTENTS

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    3. Environmental Assessment and Certification

    I. Definition of Environmental Certification

    II. Benefits from Environmental Certification

    III. Environmental Certification Systems

    IV. Ecolabels

    V. Green Public Procurement

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    I. Definition of environmental certification

    It is an instrument for the environmental protection through which acompany voluntarily decides to meet environmental objectives set by acertification system through the implementation of the methodologies,standards and requirements by it defined.

    The environmental certification can also be a powerful tool to enhancethe credibility and competitiveness of the companies by demonstratingthat their products, services or works meet customer expectations ofrespect for the environment.

    In summary, the environmental certification might result in a promisingbusiness horizon for a new company that, even taking into account theunavoidable economic-financial factor, decides to follow the criteria ofthe sustainable construction.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    II. Benefits from environmental certificationSeveral benefits can be attributed to the environmental certification ofa product, service, work, etc.:

    COMPETITIVENESS: by making possible the access to markets in which thefulfillment of certain environmental standards is mandatory, or tocountries with significant social awareness in which the ecological imageof a company is highly appreciated.

    COST SAVING: through an efficient management and use of the materialsand energy required throughout the life cycle of the product, service orwork; and also thanks to the tax benefits coming from the environmentalprotection policies.

    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: benefit inherent to the obtention of thecertification according to which users enjoy the environmental benefitsderived from it.

    CUSTOMERS FIDELITY: Specifically those clients with higher environmentalconcern, whose number is increasingly growing in the last few years.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    III. Environmental certification systems While international standards such as ISO 14001 assess the sustainable

    organization and management of the construction (or any) companies,the environmental certification systems here introduced allow theassessment of the impacts associated to the life cycle of buildings andcivil constructions.

    In recent years many of these certification systems have appeared,especially in the building sector, aimed at the domestic market. Theseare systems at national scale that take into account the particularitiesrelated to these markets.

    However, the global nature of the market itself, the claim for a greaterrecognition abroad or the increasing interest in accessing the otherwiseinaccessible markets, have led to the widespread use and therefore theinternational expansion of two systems: BREEAM and LEED.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    III. Environmental certification systems Among the methods, schemes or certification systems that exist to

    date, some stand out for their intensive local use and others due totheir greater international expansion.

    The BREEAM system was the first to appear, back in 1990 in the UK.Ten years later the LEED system appeared in the United States.

    Although these two systems are the most well-known and they areused worldwide, many others have appeared in recent years: DGNB(Germany), HQE (France), Green Star (Australia), Three Star (China)VERDE (Spain), CASBEE (Japan) or Promise (Finland).

    Most of them are used in the building construction sector, althoughthere are already available tools for the environmental assessmentof civil works and terms contracts, such as the CEEQUAL (UK).

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    certification system

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    INTRODUCTION BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment

    Methodology) was the first major certification method appeared in themarket back in 1990. The British Building Research Establishment (BRE)began its development in the UK in the late 80s.

    Initially conceived as a method for evaluating large office and residentialbuildings, this system increased its scope and became one of the mostused system in the world.

    Until 2014 more than 270,000 buildings in more than 60 countries of theworld have been certified with BREEAM (www.bream.org).

    This expansion was possible due to the collaboration between BRE andother local worldwide operators to adapt the original scheme of thesystem to their particular conditions: Dutch Green Building Council is theoperator for the Netherlands (BREEAM NL); the Technological Institute ofGalicia is the operator for Spain (BREEAM ES); the Norwegian GreenBuilding Council is the operator for Norway (BREEAM NOR), etc.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CERTIFICATION SCHEMES

    There exist different certification schemes based not only on thetype of operation, but also on the country of application and onthe way BREEAM has been adapted in the corresponding country.

    For BREEAM UK, the operations that can be certified today are:- Design and construction of new buildings (domestic).- Design and construction of new buildings (non-domestic).- Design and planning of urban projects.- Evaluation of existing non-domestic buildings.- Rehabilitation of domestic and non-domestic buildings.

    Similar operations can be certified with the BREEAM Internationalscheme and/or any of the schemes that have been adapted to suitthe particularities of the different countries offering this system ofcertification.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CERTIFICATION PROCESS

    1. Search and selection of a licensed BREEAM assessor and decision on theBREEAM scheme that best suits the project.

    2. Registration of the project in BREEAM.

    3. Together with the licensed BREEAM assessor, collection of the necessarydocuments. Compilation by the assessor of the evidences that justify theassessment to be included in the final report.

    4. Carrying out of a pre-assessment that allows to anticipate the final scoreand rating of the project. While this is not an official certification, it willbe useful for predicting the level of sustainability can be achieved.

    5. Submission to BRE by the assessor of the final report including all theevidences for verification and validation. If there were not discrepancies,the certification would be finally issued.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CATEGORIES, SCORES AND LEVELS OF CERTIFICATION

    The level of certification of a building results from the score (orrating) received in a number of categories previously establishedby BREEAM.

    Each category consists of a certain number of requirements thatbuildings that are certified can meet (or not) to a certain degree.Requirements may change depending on the selected scheme,although the most important are kept the same.

    The points received for each of the requirements in its categoryare justified based on the evidences provided by the assessor.

    Once they are assigned, the sum of the points for each categoryis multiplied by a weighting factor that takes into considerationthe relative importance of the category, thus resulting the finalcorrected value.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CATEGORIES, SCORES AND LEVELS OF CERTIFICATION

    The sum of the corrected values obtained for each category is thefinal score of the assessed building.

    By way of example, the BREEAM UK categories for the evaluationof a building under construction are:- MANAGEMENT- HEALTH & WELLBEING- ENERGY- TRANSPORT- WATER- MATERIALS- WASTE- LAND USE & ECOLOGY- POLLUTION

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CATEGORIES, SCORES AND LEVELS OF CERTIFICATION

    Finally, the rating of the building will translate into a classificationaccording to the 5 levels established by BREEAM:

    - OUTSTANDING (Rating > 85%)

    - EXCELLENT (Rating > 70%)

    - VERY GOOD (Rating > 55%)

    - GOOD (Rating > 45%)

    - PASS (Rating > 30%)

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CASE STUDY / EXAMPLEConstruction of the Co-operative Group HQ, Manchester (UK)

    https://www.flickr.com/photos/theco-operative/9405593029/in/photostream/

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Construction of the Co-operative Group HQ, Manchester (UK)

    GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Building: New Co-Operative Group Headquarters (2013). Location: Manchester, England. Its area is 30500 m2 and hosts more than 3000 employees. Architect: 3D Reid. Project Manager: Gardiner & Theobald. Structural Engineer: Buro Happold. Contractor: BAM.

    Declared the most ecofriendly building in the world(11/2013).

    Higher BREEAM rating to date (November 2013): 95.16%- Outstanding.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Construction of the Co-operative Group HQ, Manchester (UK)

    https://www.flickr.com/photos/theco-operative/9405605601/in/photostream/

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Construction of the Co-operative Group HQ, Manchester (UK)

    TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS: It is a 15-storey building, with triangular structure and glazed faade with

    vertically and horizontally curved double skin. It has an atrium open to the sky in the heart of the building that, together

    with the glazed faade, are key elements for cooling, heating and naturallighting of the building.

    In addition, for heating and cooling, the air is carried under the buildingand then distributed at the ground temperature.

    The slats located in the faade are opened in summer to remove the hotair trapped between the two skins and are closed in winter for insulationpurposes.

    Regardin the active systems, the building has its own source of heat andelectricity by means of a cogeneration CHP system.

    The computers heat recovery system, the LED lighting and the rainwaterrecycling system for toilets and irrigation deserve to be highlighted.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Construction of the Co-operative Group HQ, Manchester (UK)

    https://www.flickr.com/photos/theco-operative/9405593077/in/photostream/

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    certification system

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    INTRODUCTION LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is an international

    and voluntary certification system for buildings developed by the U.S.Green Building Council (USGBC) in 1998 with the aim of verifying that thebuildings are built according to sustainable and environmental protectioncriteria.

    The Green Building Council of the United States was founded in 1993 andhosts more than 12000 national associations representing the sustainableconstruction industry.

    To date (2014) more than 50000 projects have been or are being certifiedwith LEED in more than 130 countries worldwide.http: //www.usgbc.org/about

    This is an online tool mainly based on US regulations although it is beingadapted to the particularities of other countries through work groups(LEED International Roundtable) formed by the Green Building Councils orequivalent organizations in different countries around the world.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CERTIFICATION SCHEMES

    The LEED system offers different certification schemes which meetthe needs of every type of building and projects that are to becertified:- LEED BD + C - Design and construction of new buildings.

    - LEED ID + C - Interior design and construction.

    - LEED BO & M - Building operations and maintenance.

    - LEED ND - Planning and urban development.

    - LEED HOMES - Design and construction of housing.

    The BD + C scheme also includes major refurbishments while theBO & M is suitable for maintenance operations or small works.

    There may exist small variations between the different schemes inregards to the stages of the certification process.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CERTIFICATION PROCESS1. Selection of the LEED scheme that best suits the type of building or

    project that is going to be certified.2. Registration in the application according to the scheme selected,

    and payment of the registration fee. The project is fully accessiblein on-line mode and hence, the information can be provided.

    3. Collection, preparation and submission (on-line) of the documentsneeded to apply for the certification. Details are provided to justifycompliance with the requirements of each category. An adequaterevision of the information will speed up the certification process.

    4. Payment of the certification fee and revision by the correspondingGBC of the information submitted in accordance with the schemeselected before.

    5. Decision making based on the score obtained. An official certificateand a plaque placed on the building certified is received.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CATEGORIES, SCORES AND LEVELS OF CERTIFICATION

    As in the previous system, the level of certification of the buildingthat is evaluated by the LEED is based on the score achieved in acertain number of previously defined categories.

    The categories of the LEED system are:- Integrative Process- Location and transportation- Materials and Resources- Water efficiency- Energy and atmosphere- Sustainable sites- Indoor environmental quality- Innovation- Regional priority credits- Smart Location & linkage (only LEED ND)- Neighborhood pattern & design (Only LEED ND)- Green infrastructure & buildings (Only LEED ND)

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CATEGORIES, SCORES AND LEVELS OF CERTIFICATION

    There exist specific requirements for every category that projectscan meet (or not) to a certain degree, achieving this way a scoreper category.

    The final score, achieved as the direct sum of the points receivedin all the categories, defines the level of certification.

    There exist 4 levels of certificationin the LEED system (v4) :

    - Certified (40-49 points)

    - Silver (50-59 points)

    - Gold (60-79 points)

    - Platinum (> 80 points)

    Photo by Kevin Feddehttps://www.flickr.com/photos/valparaiso_university/8644346098

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CASE STUDY / EXAMPLERenewal of Sidwell Friends Middle School, Washington DC (USA)

    Photo by NCinDC - Http: //www.flickr.com/photos/ncindc/2819298872

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Renewal of Sidwell Friends Middle School, Washington DC (USA)

    Photo by NCinDC - Http: //www.flickr.com/photos/ncindc/2819298872

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Renewal of Sidwell Friends Middle School, Washington DC (USA)

    GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Building: Sidwell Friends School. Location: Washington, United States. Surface of renewal: 3200 m2. Surface of extension : 3600 m2. Architect: Kieran Timberlake Associates, LLP. Project Manager: JFW Project Management. Contractor: Hitt Contracting, Inc.

    Water, material and energy savings were the priorities for thesustainable renovation of the building.

    The renovation carried out was awarded the highest possiblelevel of certification: LEED Platinum (2007).

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Renewal of Sidwell Friends Middle School, Washington DC (USA)

    TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS: The project was built in 2007 and involved the renovation and expansion of a 55

    years old, 3-storey building of 6200 m2. Execution focused on the sustainabilityand the environmental protection.

    Regarding the water management, a wetland built between the new and currentwings of the school treats the water coming from the kitchen and bathrooms forits later reuse in the toilets.

    Green roofs allow the grass and vegetables to grow and also the collection ofrainwater, thus reducing the water runoff.

    The orientation of the building allows an optimum use of light. The use of slaps,the good insulation and the solar chimney effect that removes the hot air, reducethe need for air conditioning only to the hottest days.

    The cladding made of wine barrels, the floors and terraces made from old piles ofthe Baltimore harbour or the frames and doors made from agrofiber and bambu,respectively, are clear examples of the use of recycled materials.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    certification system

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    INTRODUCTION This certificate was developed in 2008 by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fr

    Bauen eV Nachhaltiges (DGNB) - German Association of SustainableConstruction (http: //www.dgnb-system.de/en/).

    The DGNB was founded in 2007 by entities belonging to the real estateand construction sectors with the aim to promote a more efficient andsustainable construction of buildings and urban design.

    CERTIFICATION SCHEMES 14 schemes are offered by the DGNB certification depending on the type

    of operation that has to be assessed, some of which are: office buildings,houses, industrial buildings, urban or business districts, hospitals, hotels,shops and schools.

    To date, only the scheme for New Offices is translated into English, whilethe rest are in the process of translation (2014).

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CERTIFICATION PROCESS

    1. First contact between client and DGNB. Search and selection of asuitable DGNB auditor that will give support to the client and willbe in charge of supervising the certification process.

    2. Online registration in DGNB of the building or project that is goingto be evaluated. This task will be carried out by the auditor.

    3. Assuming that an existing scheme is used or that the DGNB systemhas been adapted to the particularities of a country and hence, anew accreditated DGNB scheme is used, next step is collecting thenecessary information.

    4. Assessement by the auditor according to the information collectedand project submission to the DGNB.

    5. Verification and issuance of certificate to the client by DGNB.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CATEGORIES, SCORES AND LEVELS OF CERTIFICATION As in previous cases, the project evaluation by DGNB system is carried

    out based on the score achieved in a certain number of categories, eachone composed by criteria that the project will fulfill (or not) to a certainextent.

    The categories of the DGNB system are: economic and environmentalquality, sociocultural and functional quality, technical quality, processquality and site quality.

    Once the corresponding weighting factor is applied to each category,the total sum of the corrected score (excluding the site quality, which iscalculated only in the case of urban districts) will determine the level ofcertification awarded.

    The levels of certification in this system are: Certified (> 35%), Bronze (>50%), silver (> 65%) and Gold (> 80%).

    A minimum score per level is needed to be awarded the certification.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CASE STUDY / EXAMPLEConstruction of Skyline Plaza, Frankfurt (Germany)

    Photo by Hans-Joachim Schulz -http://www.flickr.com/photos/achim-s/12809402365/

    Skyline Plaza Shopping Center, designed by ECE Projektmanagement GmbH & Co. KGand built by REC Frankfurt Objekt KG. DGNB Certification: GOLD (2014).

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    certification system

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    INTRODUCTION The CEEQUAL (Civil Engineering and Environmental Quality) was developed

    by the ICE (Institution of Civil Engineers) with the financial support from thegovernment of the United Kingdom and released to the market in 2004.

    The aim of this system for environmental assessment was to demonstrateand improve the sustainability of any type of contracts and public works ofany size in the field of the civil engineering: airports, bridges, roads, dams,tunnels, pipe networks, etc.

    CERTIFICATION SCHEMES The CEEQUAL system scheme is available in two forms:

    - Certification of projects. There exist versions for UK, Ireland and an alsofor international projects.

    - Certification of term contracts. Related to construction contracts with aduration of years and taking place in a large geographic area.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CERTIFICATION PROCESS1. Search and selection of an appropriate CEEQUAL assessor. Dispatch of

    the application form by email, and by mail with the original signature.2. Online project registration and reception of the Assessment Manual.3. Appointment of a verifier by CEEQUAL.4. Revision of the project by the assessor according to the Assessment

    Manual. Questions that are irrelevant to the project are notified to theverifier and then discarded.

    5. Gathering by the assessor of the necessary evidences. The Assessorenters scores and evidences into the assessment tool and notifies theverifier that the assessment is complete.

    6. Verifier and assessor meet to review and discuss any disputed evidence.7. The verifier enters comments and scores into the assessment tool and

    notifies that the project is ready for ratification.8. After ratification the project is awarded the corresponding certification

    according to the score achieved.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CATEGORIES, SCORES AND LEVELS OF CERTIFICATION CEEQUAL is a self-assessment system that evaluates and scores a project or a

    contract based on several questions that are part of the sections (categories)included in the Assessment Manual.

    The sections are actually a serie of criteria that the project will (or not) fulfillto a certain degree. These sections are:

    - Project / Contract Strategy (optional)- Project / Contract Management- People & Communities- Land Use and Landscape- The Historic Environment- Ecology and Biodiversity- Water Environment- Physical Resources Use & Management- Transport

    According to the score ratified by CEEQUAL, the project or contract will becertified according to the following levels: Pass ( 40%), VeryGood (> 60%) and excellent (> 75%).

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CASE STUDY / EXAMPLEConstruction of the Peace Bridge, Derry (Northern Ireland).

    Photo by David Jones - http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidcjones/7738517412

    Suspension bridge for pedestrians and cyclists across the river Foyle (when passing throughDerry). It was designed by Wilkinson Eyre Architects and opened to the public in 2011.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Construction of the Peace Bridge, Derry (Northern Ireland).

    GENERAL, TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS: Length: 235 m. The design of this bridge intended to improve the relation between two

    historically divided communities in Northern Ireland.

    The disruption caused to the residents of the area was minimized. The piling work was limited to prevent impacts on the salmon migration. A rainwater collection tank was placed in the work site for its reuse in tasks

    like boots cleaning or dust removal.

    Energy consumption was reduced thanks to the proper use of the lighting. Demolished material was reused and most of the prefabricated elements

    are easy to separate for recycling.

    The project was awarded the highest level of certification:Excellent (82.3%).

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    IV. ECOLABELS Set of voluntary tools intended to stimulate the demand for products

    and services with lower environmental loads.

    The Ecolabels offer relevant information about products or services lifecycle in order to satisfy the demand of purchasers for environmentalinformation.

    In general, the ecolabels can announce the buyer things such as that alower amount of energy has been consumed during the manufacture ofa product, that a lower amount of GHG has been emitted, that it hasbeen manufactured with recycled materials, or that it is biodegradable.

    There exist three type of ecolabels:

    - Certified Ecolabels.

    - Self-declarations.

    - Environmental Declaration of Product.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Type I. Certified Ecolabels This is an official certificate issued to a group of products or materials

    that guarantees compliance with certain specific requirements definedby the body that grants it.

    The certification body is impartial and therefore, independent of theseller and buyer.

    The main objective of these ecolabels is to accurately and truthfullyinform of the environmental impact of a product to raise awareness ofthe potential consumers while protecting the environment.

    The EU Ecolabel was launched in 1992 and is valid throughout Europe.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Type II. Self-declarations Manufacturers own statements on a product or material, which is not

    endorsed by any official body.

    Sometimes the information is not entirely true. At other times, it is notclear what the environmental protection provided is.

    Therefore, although the certification by an independent third party isnot mandatory for these statements, it is indeed preferred.

    Thery are not highly developed in the construction sector, but they arein other areas such as the office supplies or the cleaning products.

    Photo by Mark Morganhttp: //www.flickr.com/photos/markmorgantrinidad/5766605055http: //www.flickr.com/photos/markmorgantrinidad/5623317924

    Photo by Tom Maglieryhttp: //www.flickr.com/photos/mag3737/3628080730http: //www.flickr.com/photos/mag3737/5402622571

    Photo by Richard Masonerhttp: //www.flickr.com/photos/bike/3752517045

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Type III. Environmental Declaration of Products Pre-established methodology adapted to each country, and product or

    group of products, based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and withthe aim to facilitate quantitative, transparent, verified and comparableenvironmental information to consumers.

    There exist many countries with their own corresponding regulations:Germany, Japan, Italy, Czech Republic, etc.

    EDPs are considered as useful and strategic instruments for tenders andacquisitions in the public and business sectors.

    The selection of suppliers based on sustainability criteria is increasinglyvalued both in national and international bidding processes, up to thepoint that it is becoming a requirement or a eligible chapter.

  • Module 4. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Certification in Construction

    Introduction to Sustainable Construction

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    V. Green Public Procurement Instrument by which the European public authorities contribute to the

    sustainable production and consumption by acquiring environmentally-friendly products, services and works.

    Public authorities expenses in Europe accounts for 19% of the GDP inthe European Union. This means that a small effort on their part wouldresult in a significant reduction of the environmental impact of thesegoods, services and works.

    When the whole life cycle of a product is considered, the Green PublicProcurement will also result also in saving of resources and costs.

    This is a voluntary instrument, which means that each EU country canuse it to a greater or lesser extent at its convenience.

    The Green Public Procurement should also provide an incentive for thedevelopment of greener technologies by the industry.

    http: //ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/what_en.htm

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introduccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Pablo Pascual MuozEste tema se publica bajo Licencia:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    1

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    1. La crisis energtica

    2. Eficiencia energtica

    3. Certificacin ambiental

    MODULE CONTENTS

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    3. Evaluacin y Certificacin Ambiental

    I. Qu es la certificacin ambiental?

    II. Ventajas de la certificacin ambiental

    III. Sistemas de certificacin ambiental

    IV. EcoEtiquetas (Etiqueta Ecolgica)

    V. Compra Pblica Verde

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    I. Qu es la certificacin ambiental?

    Se trata de un instrumento para la proteccin del medio ambiente pormedio del cual una empresa decide voluntariamente satisfacer losobjetivos medioambientales marcados por un sistema de certificacina travs del cumplimiento de las metodologas, estndares y requisitospor estos definidos.

    La certificacin ambiental puede ser tambin una potente herramientapara aumentar la credibilidad y la competitividad de las empresas entanto en cuanto estas demuestran que sus productos, servicios u obrasrenen las expectativas del cliente de respeto por el medio ambiente.

    En definitiva, la certificacin ambiental puede suponer un prometedorhorizonte de negocios para una nueva empresa que, aun teniendo encuenta el ineludible factor econmico-financiero, decide adoptar loscriterios de la construccin sostenible.

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    II. Ventajas de la certificacin ambientalDiversas son las ventajas que pueden achacarse a la certificacinambiental de un producto, servicio, obra, etc.:

    MEJORA DE LA COMPETITIVIDAD: mediante el acceso a mercados en losque el cumplimiento de ciertos estndares medioambientales es requisitoobligatorio, o a paises con una elevada concienciacin social en los que laimagen ecolgica de una empresa sea muy valorada.

    AHORRO DE COSTES: a travs de la gestin y utilizacin eficiente de losmateriales y la energa requerida a lo largo del ciclo de vida del producto,servicio u obra; y de los beneficios fiscales auspiciados por las polticas deproteccin medioambiental.

    PROTECCIN DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE: ventaja inherente a la obtencin deun certificado y segn la cual los trabajadores de la empresa disfrutan delos beneficios medioambientales de ello derivados.

    FIDELIDAD DEL CLIENTE: concretamente de un tipo de consumidor, cuyonmero ha crecido en los ltimos aos en toda Europa, con una mayorsensibilidad medioambiental.

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    III. Sistemas de certificacin ambiental Mientras que normas internacionales como la ISO 14.001 evalan la

    sostenibilidad en la organizacin y gestin de la empresa constructora(de cualquier empresa, si bien este curso se centra en la construccin),los sistemas de certificacin ambiental que se aqu se tratan permitenevaluar los impactos asociados al ciclo de vida completo de edificios yconstrucciones civiles.

    En los ltimos aos han ido apareciendo multitud de estos sistemas decertificacin, sobre todo en el sector de la edificacin, cuyo objetivo esel mercado domstico. Son sistemas de mbito nacional que tienen encuenta las particularidades asociadas a esos mercados.

    Sin embargo, la propia globalidad del mercado, la pretensin de mayorde reconocimiento en el exterior o el inters por el acceso a mercadosde otra forma inaccesibles han motivado el uso generalizado, y porende la expansin internacional, de dos sistemas: BREEAM y LEED.

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    III. Sistemas de certificacin ambiental De entre los mtodos, esquemas o sistemas de certificacin que

    existen hoy en da, algunos destacan por su uso intensivo local yotros lo hacen por su mayor expansin internacional.

    El sistema BREEAM fue el primero en aparecer, all por el ao1990, en el Reino Unido. Diez aos ms tarde aparecera el LEED enlos Estados Unidos.

    Aunque estos dos sistemas son las ms conocidos y empleados entodo el mundo, muchos otros han aparecido en los ltimos aos:DGNB (Alemania), HQE (Francia), Green Star (Australia), Three Star(China), VERDE (Espaa), CASBEE (Japn), PromisE (Finlandia), etc.

    La mayor parte de ellos se utilizan en el mbito de la edificacin, sibien existen ya herramientas para la evaluacin ambiental de obrasy contratos civiles como el CEEQUAL (Reino Unido).

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Sistema de certificacin

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    INTRODUCCIN El BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment

    Methodology) fue el primer gran mtodo de certificacin aparecido en elmercado, all por el ao 1990. El British Building Research Establishment(BRE) comenz su desarrollo en el Reino Unido a finales de los 80.

    Concebido inicialmente como mtodo de evaluacin de grandes edificiosde oficinas y residenciales, este sistema extendi su mbito de aplicacinhasta convertirse en uno de los sistema ms utilizados en el mundo.

    Hasta el ao 2014, ms de 270.000 edificios han sido certificados con elBREEAM (www.bream.org) en ms de 60 pases de todo el mundo.

    Esta expansion ha sido posible gracias a la colaboracin entre el BRE y losoperadores locales de otros paises para adaptar el esquema original delsistema a sus condiciones particulares: el Dutch Green Building Counciles el operador para Holanda (BREEAM NL), el Instituto Tecnolgico deGalicia es el operador para Espaa (BREEAM ES), el Norwegian GreenBuilding Council es el operador para Noruega (BREEAM NOR), etc.

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    ESQUEMAS DE CERTIFICACIN

    Existen diferentes esquemas de certificacin en funcin no slodel tipo de actuacin, sino tambin del pas de aplicacin y de laforma en la que el BREEAM ha sido adaptada en dicho pas.

    A nivel del Reino Unido (BREEAM UK), las actuaciones que a da dehoy se certifican son las siguientes:- Diseo y construccin de nuevos edificios (vivienda).- Diseo y construccin de nuevos edificios (no vivienda).- Diseo y planificacin de proyectos urbansticos.- Evaluacin de edificios en uso (no vivienda).- Rehabilitacin y restauracin de edificios.

    Idnticas o equivalentes actuaciones pueden certificarse con elesquema BREEAM Internacional o con cualquiera de los esquemasadaptados a cada pas, que pueden diferir del BREEAM UK paraadecuarse a las peculiaridades de cada uno de ellos.

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    PROCESO DE CERTIFICACIN

    1. Bsqueda y seleccin de un asesor BREEAM acreditado y decision sobreel esquema BREEAM que mejor se adece al proyecto en cuestin.

    2. Registro del proyecto en BREEAM.

    3. Obtencin de toda la documentacin necesaria y recopilacin por partedel asesor de las evidencias que justifiquen la evaluacin recogida en elinforme que habr de redactar posteriormente.

    4. Realizacin de una pre-evaluacin. Esta permitir anticipar la calificacinfinal del proyecto. Si bien no se trata de una certificacin oficial, ser tila la hora de predecir el nivel de sostenibilidad que puede alcanzarse.

    5. Finalizada la evaluacin, el asesor enviar al BRE el informe con todas lasevidencias para su verificacin y validacin. Si no existiera discrepancia,se expedira la certificacin final correspondiente.

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CATEGORAS, PUNTUACIN Y NIVELES DE CERTIFICACIN

    El nivel de certificacin de un edificio surge de la puntuacin finalrecibida en una serie de categoras previamente establecidas porBREEAM.

    Cada una de las categoras consta de una serie de requisitos quelos edificios a certificar podrn cumplir en un cierto grado. Estosrequisitos pueden variar en funcin del esquema elegido, si bienlos ms importantes se mantienen.

    La puntos recibidos por cada uno de los requisitos en su categorase justifican en base a las evidencias aportadas por el asesor.

    Una vez asignados, la suma de los puntos para cada categora semultiplica por un factor de ponderacin que tiene en cuenta laimportancia relativa de cada una de ellas, obtenindose un valorfinal corregido.

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    CATEGORAS, PUNTUACIN Y NIVELES DE CERTIFICACIN

    La suma de los valores corregidos obtenidos para cada categoradar como resultado la puntuacin final del edificio evaluado.

    A modo de ejemplo, para la evaluacin de un nuevo edificio enconstruccin segn BREEAM UK, las categoras sern:- GESTIN- SALUD Y BIENESTAR- ENERGA- TRANSPORTE- AGUA- MATERIALES- RESDUOS- USO DEL SUELO Y ECOLOGA- CONTAMINACIN

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CATEGORAS, PUNTUACIN Y NIVELES DE CERTIFICACIN

    Finalmente, la calificacin del nuevo edificio se traducir en unaclasificacin de acuerdo a los 5 niveles establecidos por BREEAM:

    - EXCEPCIONAL (Puntuacin > 85%)- EXCELENTE (Puntuacin > 70%)- MUY BUENO (Puntuacin > 55%)- BUENO (Puntuacin > 45%)- APROBADO (Puntuacin > 30%)

    COSTES ASOCIADOS A LA CERTIFICACIN

    El coste para el cliente de todo el proceso de certificacin incluye:- El coste de la certificacin, publicada por el organismo certificador.- Los honorarios del asesor.- Cualquier medida llevada a cabo para mejorar la calificacin final.

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CASO DE ESTUDIO / EJEMPLOConstruccin del Co-operative Group HQ, Manchester (Reino Unido)

    https://www.flickr.com/photos/theco-operative/9405593029/in/photostream/

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    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Construccin del Co-operative Group HQ, Manchester (Reino Unido)

    CARACTERSTICAS GENERALES: Edificio: Nuevas oficinas centrales del grupo Co-Operative (2013). Localizacin: Manchester, Inglaterra. Su superficie es de 30500 m2 y aloja a ms de 3000 empleados. Arquitecto: 3D Reid. Project Manager: Gardiner & Theobald. Structural Engineer: Buro Happold. Constructor: BAM.

    Declarado el edificio ms respetuoso con el medio ambientedel mundo (11/2013).

    Mayor calificacin BREEAM hasta la fecha (noviembre 2013):95.16% - Excepcional.

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Construccin del Co-operative Group HQ, Manchester (Reino Unido)

    https://www.flickr.com/photos/theco-operative/9405605601/in/photostream/

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Construccin del Co-operative Group HQ, Manchester (Reino Unido)

    CARACTERSTICAS TCNICAS Y AMBIENTALES: Se trata de un edificio de 15 plantas, con estructura triangular y fachada

    acristalada de doble piel que se curva vertical y horizontalmente. Posee un atrio abierto al cielo en el corazn del edificio que, junto con la

    fachada acristalada son elementos clave para la refrigeracin, calefaccine iluminacin natural del edificio.

    Adems, para el calentamiento/refrescamiento, se hace pasar el aire pordebajo del edificio para luego redistribuirlo a la temperatura del terreno.

    Posee lamas en la fachada que en verano se abren para eliminar el airecaliente entre las dos pieles y en invierno se cierra para hacer de aislante.

    En cuanto a sistemas activos, el edificio posee su propia fuente de calor yelectricidad a travs de un sistema de CHP de cogeneracin.

    Finalmente, destacan lo sistemas de recuperacin de calor de los equiposinformticos, iluminacin LED y el sistema de reciclado de agua de lluviapara uso en el inodoro y el riego.

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    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Construccin del Co-operative Group HQ, Manchester (Reino Unido)

    https://www.flickr.com/photos/theco-operative/9405593077/in/photostream/

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Sistema de certificacin

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    INTRODUCCIN El LEED (Leadership in Energa and Environmental Design) es un sistema

    internacional y voluntario de certificacin de edificios desarrollado por elU.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) en 1998 con el objetivo de verificarque el edificio ha sido construido de acuerdo a criterios de sostenibilidady proteccin medioambiental.

    El Green Building Council de los EE.UU. se fund en 1993 y est formadopor ms de 12000 asociaciones del pas que representan a la industria dela construccin sostenible.

    Hasta la fecha (2014), ms de 50000 proyectos han sido o estn siendocertificados con el sistema LEED en ms de 130 pases de todo el mundo(http://www.usgbc.org/about).

    Se trata de una herramienta on-line, basada principalmete en normativade los EE.UU. si bien est siendo adaptada a las particularidades de otrospases a travs de una Mesa de Trabajo (LEED International Roundtable)formada por los Green Building Council u organizaciones equivalentes dediferentes pases de todo el mundo.

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    ESQUEMAS DE CERTIFICACIN

    El sistema LEED ofrece diferentes esquemas de certificacin, quese ajustan a las necesidades de cada uno de los tipos de edificios yproyectos a certificar:- LEED BD+C - Diseo y construccin de nuevos edificios.- LEED ID+C - Diseo y construccin de interiores de edificios.- LEED BO&M - Operacin y mantenimiento de edificios.- LEED ND - Planificacin y desarrollo urbano.- LEED HOMES - Diseo y construccin de viviendas.

    El esquema BD+C incluye tambin grandes reformas mientras queel BO&M se dirige a actuaciones de mantenimiento y/o pequeostrabajos de construccin.

    Podrn existir pequeas variaciones entre los diferentes esquemasen lo que se refiere a las etapas del proceso de certificacin.

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    PROCESO DE CERTIFICACIN1. Seleccin del esquema LEED que mejor se adece a la tipologa de

    edificio o proyecto que se desea certificar.2. Registro en la aplicacin segn esquema seleccionado y pago de

    la cuota de inscripcin correspondiente. El proyecto es totalmenteaccesible en modo on-line y ya es posible aportar la informacin.

    3. Preparacin y aportacin (on-line) de la documentacin necesariapara la solicitud de la certificacin. Se precisarn los detalles quejustifiquen el cumplimiento de los requisitos de cada categora. Laadecuada revisin de la informacin aportada agilizar el procesode revisin de la solicitud.

    4. Pago de la cuota de revisin y revisin de la aplicacin por el GBCcorrespondiente segn el esquema elegido de certificacin.

    5. Decisin final segn calificacin obtenida. Se recibe un certificadooficial y una placa para colocar en el edificio certificado.

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CATEGORAS, PUNTUACIN Y NIVELES DE CERTIFICACIN

    Como en el sistema anterior, el nivel de certificacin del edificio aevaluar mediante el LEED se basa en la puntuacin recibida enuna serie de categoras previamente definidas.

    Las categoras para el sistema LEED son las siguientes:- Proceso integral- Localizacin y transporte- Materiales y recursos- Uso eficiente del agua- Energa y atmsfera- reas/Obras sostenibles- Calidad ambiental interior- Innovacin- Prioridad segn zona geogrfica- Localizacin inteligente y conexiones (slo LEED ND)- Patrn y diseo urbano (slo LEED ND)- Infraestructura y edificios sostenibles (slo LEED ND)

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CATEGORAS, PUNTUACIN Y NIVELES DE CERTIFICACIN

    Por cada una de las categoras existen unos requisitos especficosque los proyectos satisfarn en cierta medida, recibiendo as unapuntuacin para cada categora.

    La puntuacin final obtenida como la suma directa de los puntosrecibidos en todas las categoras definir el nivel de certificacinobtenido.

    Existen en el sistema LEED (v4)niveles de certificacin:- Certificado (40-49 puntos)- Plata (50-59 puntos)- Oro (60-79 puntos)- Platino (> 80 puntos)

    Photo by Kevin Feddehttps://www.flickr.com/photos/valparaiso_university/8644346098

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    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CASO DE ESTUDIO / EJEMPLORenovacin del colegio Sidwell Friends Middle, Washington DC (EEUU)

    Photo by NCinDC - http://www.flickr.com/photos/ncindc/2819298872

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    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Renovacin del colegio Sidwell Friends Middle, Washington DC (EEUU)

    Photo by NCinDC - http://www.flickr.com/photos/ncindc/2819298872

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Renovacin del colegio Sidwell Friends Middle, Washington DC (EEUU)

    CARACTERSTICAS GENERALES: Edificio: Colegio Sidwell Friends. Localizacin: Washington, Estados Unidos. Superficie de renovacin: 3200 m2. Superficie de ampliacin: 3600 m2. Arquitecto: KieranTimberlake Associates, LLP. Project Manager: JFW Project Management Constructor: Hitt Contracting, Inc.

    Como objetivos prioritarios para la renovacin sostenible deledificio se fijaron los ahorros de agua, materiales y energa.

    El certificado recibido por la actuacin fue el mximo otorgadopor la USGBC: LEED Platino (2007).

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    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Renovacin del colegio Sidwell Friends Middle, Washington DC (EEUU)

    CARACTERSTICAS TCNICAS Y AMBIENTALES: El proyecto se ejecut en el ao 2007 y supuso la renovacin y ampliacin de un

    edificio de tres pisos y 6200 m2 con 55 aos de antigedad, con el nfasis puestoen la sostenibilidad y la proteccin ambiental.

    En cuanto a la gestin de las aguas, un humedal construido entre las alas nuevas yviejas del colegio trata las aguas residuales que provienen de la cocina y los baospara su utilizacin posterior en inodoros.

    Los tejados verdes permiten el cultivo de hierba y verduras y acumulan el agua delluvia reduciendo la escorrenta de las aguas pluviales.

    La orientacin del edificio permite el ptimo aprovechamiento de la luz. El uso delamas, el buen aislamiento y el efecto chimena solar que elimina el aire calientereducen la necesidad del aire acondicionado slo a los das ms calurosos.

    El revestimiento a base de barriles de vino, los suelos y terrazas fabricadas conantiguos pilotes del puerto de Baltimore o los marcos de agrofibra y puertas debamb son ejemplos claros del uso de materiales reciclados y con gran potencialde reciclaje posterior.

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Sistema de certificacin

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

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    INTRODUCCIN Este certificado fue desarrollado en el ao 2008 por la Deutsche Gesellschaft

    fr Nachhaltiges Bauen e.V. (DGNB) - Asociacin Alemana de la ConstruccinSostenible (http://www.dgnb-system.de/en/).

    Por su parte, la DGNB fue fundada en el ao 2007 por entidades del mbitoinmobiliario y de la construccin con el objetivo de promover la construccinde edificios y el diseo urbano ms eficientes y sostenibles.

    ESQUEMAS DE CERTIFICACIN Catorce son los esquemas de certificacin ofrecidos por la DGNB en funcin

    del tipo de actuacin a evaluar, entre los que destacan: edificios de oficinas,viviendas, edificios industriales, distritos urbanos o de negocios, hospitales,hoteles, locales comerciales o colegios.

    Hasta la fecha, slo el esquema para Nuevas Oficinas est traducido al ingls,si bien el resto estn en proceso de traduccin (2014).

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    PROCESO DE CERTIFICACIN

    1. Toma de contacto entre cliente y DGNB. Bsqueda y seleccin delauditor DGNB acreditado ms adecuado, que se encargar de darsoporte al cliente y supervisar el proceso de certificacin.

    2. Resgistro online en el DGNB del edificio o proyecto a evaluar. Estatarea la llevar a cabo el auditor contratado anteriormente.

    3. Suponiendo que se usa un esquema ya existente o que el sistemaDGNB se ha adaptado a las particularidades del pas en cuestion ypor tanto se utiliza un nuevo esquema acreditado por el DGNB, esturno ya recopilar la informacin necesaria.

    4. Evaluacin de la actuacin por parte del auditor y presentacin alDGNB de toda la documentacin justificativa.

    5. Verificacin y concesin del certificado al cliente por la DGNB.

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    CATEGORAS, PUNTUACIN Y NIVELES DE CERTIFICACIN Como en casos previos, la evaluacin del proyecto mediante el sistema

    DGNB se llevar a cabo en base a la puntuacin obtenida en una seriede categoras compuestas a su vez por unos criterios que el proyectocumplir en mayor o menor medida.

    Las categoras del sistema DGNB son las siguientes: calidad ambiental,calidad econmica, calidad sociocultural y funcional, calidad tcnica,calidad en el proceso y calidad del rea.

    Aplicada la ponderacin correspondiente a cada categora, la suma totalde la puntuacin corregida (exceptuando la de la calidad del rea, quese sumar slo en el caso de distritos urbanos) determinar el nivel decertificacin recibido.

    Los niveles de certificacin para este sistema son: Certificado (> 35%),Bronce (> 50%), Plata (> 65%) y Oro (> 80%).

    Es necesario obtener una puntuacin mnima en cada nivel para recibirla certificacin.

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    CASO DE ESTUDIO / EJEMPLOConstruccin del Skyline Plaza, Frankfurt (Alemania)

    Photo by Hans-Joachim Schulz - http://www.flickr.com/photos/achim-s/12809402365/

    Centro comercial Skyline Plaza, diseado por ECE Projektmanagement GmbH & Co. KG yconstrudo por REC Frankfurt Objekt KG. Certificado por DGNB con el nivel ORO (2014).

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Sistema de certificacin

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

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    INTRODUCCIN El CEEQUAL (Civil Engineering and Environmental QUALity) fue desarrollado

    por la ICE (Institution of Civil Engineers) con la ayuda financiera del gobiernodel Reino Unido, y lanzado al Mercado en el ao 2004.

    Este sistema de evaluacin ambiental naci con el objetivo de demostrar ymejorar la sostenibilidad de contratos y obras pblicas de cualquier tipo otamao en el mbito de la ingeniera civil: aeropuertos, puentes, carreteras,presas, redes de tuberas, tneles, etc.

    ESQUEMAS DE CERTIFICACIN El sistema CEEQUAL diferencia entre dos esquemas de actuacin:

    - Certificacin de proyectos. Con versions para Reino Unido, Irlanda y unaedicin para proyectos Internacionales.

    - Certificacin de contratos temporales. Referidos a contratos de obra conuna duracin de aos y que tienen lugar en un area geogrfica extensa.

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    PROCESO DE CERTIFICACIN1. Bsqueda y seleccin de asesor. Envo del impreso de solicitud por email

    y por correo ordinario con la firma original.

    2. Registro online del proyecto y recepcin del Manual de Evaluacin.3. Nombramiento de un verificador por parte de CEEQUAL.

    4. El asesor revisa el proyecto segn el Manual y descarta, tras notificacinal verificador, los puntos del manual irrelevantes para el proyecto

    5. El asesor rene las evidencias necesarias, las carga en la aplicacin juntocon sus puntuaciones y notifica al verificador que el proyecto est listo.

    6. Verificador y asesor se renen para revisar y discutir las evidencias.

    7. El verificador carga sus comentarios y puntuaciones en la aplicacin,notificando que el proyecto est listo para su ratificacin.

    8. Tras su ratificacin, el proyecto recibe la certificacin correspondiente enfuncin de la puntuacin obtenida.

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    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CATEGORAS, PUNTUACIN Y NIVELES DE CERTIFICACIN CEEQUAL es un sistema de autoevaluacin en el que se evala y punta un

    proyecto o contrato en base a una serie de secciones (categoras) expuestasen un Manual, para su posterior verificacin y ratificacin.

    Las secciones, organizadas a su vez en una serie de criterios que el proyectocumplir en diferente medida, son las siguientes:

    - Proyecto / Estrategia Contrato (opcional)- Proyecto / Gestin del Contrato- Gente y Comunidades- Uso del Terreno y del Paisaje- Contexto Histrico- Ecologa y Biodiversidad- Entorno Acutico- Uso y Gestin de Recursos- Transporte

    Segn la puntuacin ratificada por CEEQUAL, el proyecto o contrato recibirla certificacin de acuerdo a los siguientes niveles: Aprobado (< 25%), Bueno(> 40%), Muy Bueno (> 60%) y Excelente (> 75%).

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    CASO DE ESTUDIO / EJEMPLOConstruccin del Puente de la Paz, Derry (Irlanda del Norte).

    Photo by David Jones - http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidcjones/7738517412

    Se trata de un puente colgante para peatones y ciclistas que cruza el ro Foyle a su pasopor Derry. Fue diseado por Wilkinson Eyre Architects e inaugurado en 2011.

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Construccin del Puente de la Paz, Derry (Irlanda del Norte).

    CARACTERSTICAS GENERALES, TCNICAS Y AMBIENTALES: Longitud: 235 m. El diseo de este puente emblemtico pretenda escenificar la unin entre

    dos comunidades histricamente divididas en Irlanda del Norte.

    Se minimizaron los trastornos ocasionados a los residentes de la zona. Se limitaron al mximo los trabajos de pilotaje para prevenir los impactos

    en la migracin del salmn.

    Durante la obra se dispuso de un tanque de recogida de agua de lluvia parasu reutilizacin en tareas como la limpieza de botas o eliminacin de polvo.

    Se redujo el consumo de energa gracias al uso adecuado de la iluminacin. Se reutiliz material demolido y la mayora de los elementos prefabricados

    utilizados son de fcil separacin para su reciclaje.

    El certificado recibido fue el de mayor nivel: Excelente (82.3%).

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    IV. ECOETIQUETAS Son el conjunto de herramientas voluntarias que pretenden estimular

    la demanda de productos y servicios con menores cargas ambientales.

    Ofrece informacin relevante sobre su ciclo de vida para satisfacer lademanda de informacin ambiental por parte de los compradores.

    En general, las ecoetiquetas pueden anunciar al comprador un menorconsumo de energa durante la fabricacin del producto en cuestin,un menor nivel de emisin de gases, que esta fabricado con materialreciclable, que es biodegradable, etc.

    Existen actualmente tres tipos de ecoetiquetas:

    - Tipo I. Ecoetiquetas certificadas.

    - Tipo II. Autodeclaraciones.

    - Tipo III. Declaracin ambiental de producto.

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Tipo I. Ecoetiquetas Certificadas Es un certificado oficial expedido a un grupo de productos o materiales

    que garantiza el cumplimiento de unos requisitos concretos definidospor el organismo que lo otorga.

    La entidad certificadora es imparcial y, por lo tanto, independiente delvendedor y del comprador.

    El objetivo principal de estas etiquetas ser informar sobre el impactoambiental de un producto de forma exacta y verdica para sensibilizar alos potenciales consumidores mientras se protege el medio ambiente.

    Destaca la Etiqueta Ecolgica Europea (EU Ecolabel), creada en 1992 yvlida en toda Europa.

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Tipo II. Autodeclaraciones ambientales Son declaraciones de los fabricantes sobre un producto o material que

    no estn avaladas por ningn organismo oficial.

    En algunas ocasiones, esta informacin no es del todo cierta o bien noqueda suficientemente claro a qu se refiere la proteccin ambientalproporcionada.

    Por todo ello, aunque para este tipo de declaraciones no es obligatoriala certificacin por una tercera parte independiente, si es preferible.

    No estn muy desarrolladas en el sector de la construccin pero s enotros mbitos como el material de oficina o los productos de limpieza.

    Photo by Mark Morganhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/markmorgantrinidad/5766605055http://www.flickr.com/photos/markmorgantrinidad/5623317924

    Photo by Tom Maglieryhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/mag3737/3628080730http://www.flickr.com/photos/mag3737/5402622571

    Photo by Richard Masonerhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/bike/3752517045

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    Tipo III. Declaracin Ambiental de Producto (DAP) Metodologa preestablecida, adaptada a cada pas y a cada producto o

    grupo de productos, basada en el Anlisis del Ciclo de Vida (ACV), cuyoobjetivo es facilitar informacin ambiental cuantitativa, transparente,verificada y comparable a los consumidores.

    Existen multitud de pases con normativa propia al respecto: Alemania,Japn, Italia, Repblica Checa, etc.

    Las DAP son consideradas como una herramienta til y estratgica enlicitaciones y adquisiciones en los sectores pblico y empresarial.

    La eleccin de proveedores con criterios de sostenibilidad es cada vezms valorada tanto en los concursos nacionales como internacionales,tanto que se est convirtiendo en exigencia o captulo puntuable.

  • Mdulo 4. Eficiencia Energtica y Certificados Ambientales en Construccin

    Introducccin a la Construccin Sostenible

    Master in European Construction Engineering

    V. Compra Pblica Verde Instrumento por el cual las autoridades pblicas europeas contribuyen

    a la produccin y al consumo sostenible mediante la adquisicin debienes, servicios y obras respetuosas con el medio ambiente.

    El gasto de las autoridades pblicas europeas supone el 19% del PIB dela Unin Europea. Esto quiere decir que un pequeo esfuerzo por suparte traera consigo una reduccin importante del impacto ambientalasociado a esos bienes, servicios y obras.

    Considerado todo el ciclo de vida de un producto, la Compra PblicaVerde supondr adems un ahorro de recursos y de costes.

    Es un instrumento voluntario, lo que implica que cada pas de la UEpuede utilizarlo en mayor o menor medida segn le convenga.

    La Compra Pblica Verde debera suponer tambin un incentivo parael desarrollo de tecnologas ms ecolgicas por parte de la industria.

    http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/what_en.htm

    4.3.engNmero de diapositiva 1Nmero de diapositiva 2Nmero de diapositiva 3Nmero de diapositiva 4Nmero de diapositiva 5Nmero de diapositiva 6Nmero de diapositiva 7Nmero de diapositiva 8Nmero de diapositiva 9Nmero de diapositiva 10Nmero de diapositiva 11Nmero de diapositiva 12Nmero de diapositiva 13Nmero de diapositiva 14Nmero de diapositiva 15Nmero de diapositiva 16Nmero de diapositiva 17Nmero de diapositiva 18Nmero de diapositiva 19Nmero de diapositiva 20Nmero de diapositiva 21Nmero de diapositiva 22Nmero de diapositiva 23Nmero de diapositiva 24Nmero de diapositiva 25Nmero de diapositiva 26Nmero de diapositiva 27Nmero de diapositiva 28Nmero de diapositiva 29Nmero de diapositiva 30Nmero de diapositiva 31Nmero de diapositiva 32Nmero de diapositiva 33Nmero de diapositiva 34Nmero de diapositiva 35Nmero de diapositiva 36Nmero de diapositiva 37Nmero de diapositiva 38Nmero de diapositiva 39Nmero de diapositiva 40Nmero de diapositiva 41Nmero de diapositiva 42Nmero de diapositiva 43Nmero de diapositiva 44Nmero de diapositiva 45

    4.3.espNmero de diapositiva 1Nmero de diapositiva 2Nmero de diapositiva 3Nmero de diapositiva 4Nmero de diapositiva 5Nmero de diapositiva 6Nmero de diapositiva 7Nmero de diapositiva 8Nmero de diapositiva 9Nmero de diapositiva 10Nmero de diapositiva 11Nmero de diapositiva 12Nmero de diapositiva 13Nmero de diapositiva 14Nmero de diapositiva 15Nmero de diapositiva 16Nmero de diapositiva 17Nmero de diapositiva 18Nmero de diapositiva 19Nmero de diapositiva 20Nmero de diapositiva 21Nmero de diapositiva 22Nmero de diapositiva 23Nmero de diapositiva 24Nmero de diapositiva 25Nmero de diapositiva 26Nmero de diapositiva 27Nmero de diapositiva 28Nmero de diapositiva 29Nmero de diapositiva 30Nmero de diapositiva 31Nmero de diapositiva 32Nmero de diapositiva 33Nmero de diapositiva 34Nmero de diapositiva 35Nmero de diapositiva 36Nmero de diapositiva 37Nmero de diapositiva 38Nmero de diapositiva 39Nmero de diapositiva 40Nmero de diapositiva 41Nmero de diapositiva 42Nmero de diapositiva 43Nmero de diapositiva 44Nmero de diapositiva 45