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4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Engineers Without Borders at Portland State University Slide 2 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Matagalpa, Nicaragua: Elder Care Facility Improvement Project Slide 3 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Background PSU Institute on Aging Jessie F. Richardson Foundation Engineers Without Borders Portland Professional Partners 35 elderly residents 300-tree orchard Oranges, Lemons, Mangos Cash crop used to purchase supplies Slide 4 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Antiquated Irrigation System Existing irrigation technique Flood and furrow Water shortage in Hogar Trees were dying Slide 5 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Objectives Conserve water Improve crop production Design and construct an irrigation system Help sustain economy for Hogar Improve health conditions Slide 6 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Project Benchmarks Verification that the water needs are met Verification of reduced water use Future assessment team to verify effectiveness Slide 7 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Project Constraints Water quality Evapotranspiration/Soil Quality/Permeability/Infiltration Water table and recharge rate Availability of materials Theft Slide 8 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Orchard Layout Initial Information 16 rows, 16 trees per row 15 ft tree spacing 20 ft row spacing Approx. 2 acres Relatively level ground Slide 9 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Water System Layout Pump Supplies 75 gpm to orchard 15 psi at outlet Approx. 500 ft from 3 tee Pump draws 150 gpm from well Tank 8000 gallons Approx. 300 ft from 3 tee Approx. 800 ft from Well 20 ft elevation Slide 10 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Water Storage & Conservation Solutions Use Runoff Culvert for a Retaining Pond Roof Rainwater Catchment System Use Conservation Education Limit daytime laundering Morning/evening irrigation Proper watering cycle Slide 11 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Possible Solutions Drip Irrigation System Improved Row and Furrow Dyke and Basin Slide 12 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Drip System Design Objectives Minimal Maintenance Easy Adjustment & Repair Flexible Irrigation Cycle Cheapest Drip System Slide 13 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Drip System Design Non Standard Emitters Flexible Piping Slide 14 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Drip System Alternatives Multi-outlet Emitters Hard Pipe Slide 15 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Maintenance and Operation Irrigation System Training Maintenance Schedule Non-Timed Valve Operated Slide 16 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Project Implementation Materials Procurement Site Assessment Final System Layout Implementation Results Slide 17 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Materials Procurement Project Implementation Valves, Ts, connections, drip tube bought in Portland 300 ft - 2 Hardpipe and 2000 ft - Flexpipe from Managua 140 ft - 3 Hardpipe in Sbaco Slide 18 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Assessment Project Implementation Slide 19 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Assessment Project Implementation Surveyed orchard Measured row/tree spacing, distances from pump/ elevated tank to orchard Infiltrometer Test Surprises Not using row and furrow Strange orchard geometry Many dead trees Slide 20 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Implementation Project Implementation Dug trench for 3 and 2 hardpipe Laid pipe Fitted valves Connected flextube Connected microtubing Slide 21 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Implementation Project Implementation Slide 22 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Final System Layout Slide 23 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Results Project Implementation Infiltration Test (Single Ring Infiltrometer) 0.966 gal/(ft 2 min) Drip Tube Flowrate 0.396 gpm (24 gph) last tree on first branch 0.159 gpm (9.5 gph) last tree on last branch Advised watering cycle Awaiting confirmation on reduced water use Slide 24 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Successful Implementation Slide 25 4/26/2006 Nicaragua, Matagalpa: Elder Hogar Improvement Project Team: Nick Carey, Gita Dombrowski, Jeremiah Hess, Chris Lastomirsky Questions?