4.2 Lecture Notes
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Transcript of 4.2 Lecture Notes
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4.2 Lecture Notes
Mineral Characteristics Tested
Magnetism Explain: The force of attraction between a magnet or a metal & magnetite.
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4.2 Lecture Notes
Hardness Define: Resistance to scratching.
Method: Scratch mineral with objects on the Moh’sHardness scale.
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4.2 Lecture Notes
Luster Define: The surface reflection of light.
Types:
Metallic: Shines like metal.
Non-Metallic: Glassy, earthy, chalky, or silky.
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Acid Test Method: Put hydrochloric acid drops on amineral & see if it fizzes.
Fizzes = a carbonate mineral!
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Crystal Shape
Describe: Well-formed crystals can havecharacteristic shapes.
Why the great variety of crystal shapes? - 88 naturally occurring elements
- made of atoms of differ sizes & properties that combine in many ways to form crystals.
-huge range of temperatures & pressures within the Earth contributes to this diversity.
But the variety is not endless: Certain shapes or variations occur again & again!
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Density Define: Mass/Volume.
Method: Hold 2 same sized minerals. Which is heavier?
Heavier = more dense (has more mass/volume).
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Specific GravityA mineral or rock’s density compared to water’s density which is a “1”.
Define:
pumice
obsidian
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Streak
Method:
The color of a powdered mineral. It looks different than the original mineral chunk!
Swipe the mineral across a dull, white ceramic plate; look at the color of its mark.
Define:
Hematite vs. Pyrite
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How a Mineral BreaksWhen Stressed Fracture:
Breaks along curvedsurfaces, splinters oruneven ways.
Define:
Describe Types:
Breaks in many directions.
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Breaks along weakly bonded planes(not just some random mess)!!!
Cleavage:
Define:
Describe Types:
1. 1 direction
2. 2 directions
Sheet Mica
Long box with broken ends
3. 3 directions