4.2 carbohydrates
Transcript of 4.2 carbohydrates
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CHAPTER 4CHAPTER 4
CHEMICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE
CELLCELL
4.2 CARBOHYDRATES4.2 CARBOHYDRATES
Nur amni syazanaNur amni syazana
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CARBOHYDRATES• Source of energy• Build cell walls of plants• Form external skeleton of insects• As food storage• Consists of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen• Ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms
molecule is 2:1
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TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES
MONOSACCHARIDES
POLYSACCHARIDES
DISACCHARIDES
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MONOSACCHARIDESThe basic building blocks of carbohydrates
(monomers of carbohydrates) Known as simple sugarReducing sugars
EXAMPLE:Glucose ~ in plants and fruitsFructose ~ in sweet fruits and
honeyGalactose ~ in milk
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DISACCHARIDESReducing sugars except sucroseConsist of two monosaccharidesComplex sugars
EXAMPLE:GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE -> Maltose (malt sugar)GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE -> Sucrose (cane sugar)GLUCOSE + GALACTOSE -> Lactose (milk sugar)
GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE ------------------->MALTOSE + WATER condensation
GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE <-------------------MALTOSE + WATERhydrolysis
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POLYSACCHARIDESCombination of hundreds of monosaccharidesFormed by the condesation of glucose monomersDo not taste sweet and do not crystalliseInsoluble in water
EXAMPLE:Glycogen ~ in animal and yeast
~ known as animal starch
Starch ~ stores in plants (rice,corn,bread,wheat)Cellulose ~ form cell wall in plants
GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE ------------------->MALTOSE + WATERhydrolysis