4.2 A guided tour of the Periodic Table I CAN: -RECOGNIZE THAT ATOMS CAN BECOME CATIONS AND ANIONS...
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Transcript of 4.2 A guided tour of the Periodic Table I CAN: -RECOGNIZE THAT ATOMS CAN BECOME CATIONS AND ANIONS...
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4.2 A guided tour of the Periodic Table
I CAN:
-RECOGNIZE THAT ATOMS CAN BECOME CATIONS AND ANIONS BECAUSE THEY GAIN OR LOSE ELECTRONS.
-RECOGNIZE THE ATOMIC NUMBER WILL STAY THE SAME AND DUE TO ISOTOPES THE MASS NUMBER CHANGES.
-CALCULATE THE ATOMIC NUMBER, MASS NUMBER, CHARGE, AND IDENTITY OF THE ELEMENT BASED ON THE PROTONS, NEUTRONS, AND ELECTRONS
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What is the purpose of the periodic table?
To organize elements so you can find what you need to know quickly.
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Organization of the periodic table.
Properties can be predicted based on where the element is located.
Based on # of protons. hydrogen=1, helium-2, etc.
Periodic Law: repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic number of elements. This meaning will become much clearer soon!
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The periodic table helps determine electron arrangement
Horizontal rows=periods Based on number of protons.
Can also determine electrons.
Electron configurations.
Energy level, orbital, number of electrons.
Carbon 1s2
2s2
2p2
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Elements in the same group have similar properties
Groups: vertical column of elements
Valance electrons determine chemical properties
Elements in same group have some number of valance electrons therefore…
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Some Atoms for Ions
Why are Group 1 elements reactive?
Atoms that do not have filled outer layers undergo ionization. Gain or lose electron.
Will no longer have the same number of electrons as protons (charged) Ion: has lost or gained electron, has positive or negative charge.
Positive ions (lost electron)= cations
Lithium
Negative ions (gained electron)=anions
Fluorine
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How do Structures of Atoms Differ?
Atomic number (Z): Number of protons
Mass Number (A): the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Fluorine has 9 protons and 10 neutrons=?
Oxygen has 8 protons and 8 neutrons=?
Why aren’t electrons included in mass?
Atoms of each element will always have same atomic number, but may have different mass numbers.
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Isotopes
An atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element do but that has different number of neutrons. 3 times the mass.
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Calculating the number of neutrons in an atom
Uranium: Atomic number=92
Mass Number=235
Number of neutrons: 143
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The mass of an atom
Fluorine atom has a mass less than one trillionth of a billionth of a gram.
Atomic mass unit (amu): a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule; it is exactly one twelfth of the mass of a carbon atom with a mass number of 12.
Average atomic mass: the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.