40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins
-
Upload
mark-andrew-fernandez -
Category
Documents
-
view
107 -
download
1
description
Transcript of 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins
![Page 1: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Classroom Action ResearchFrom David Hopkins ( 1993)
![Page 2: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Sejarah
Add subtopics here
![Page 3: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sejarah 2
1967-1972– Menekankan pada :
• Experimental curriculum• Reconceptulization of curriculum
development as curriculum research
Experimental Curriculum
Curriculum Research
![Page 4: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sejarah 3
1972-1975– The Ford teaching Project & Clem
Adelman• 40 guru SD & SMP mengkaji praktek
pembelajaran melalui Action Research. Guru-guru tersebut mengembangkan hipoteses mengenai pembelajatan mereka yang diapat dibagikan dengan guru-guru lain untuk meningkatkan pembelajara
– Lawrence Stenhouse• Mempopulerkan istilah The Teacher as
Reseacher
![Page 5: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sejarah 4
1972-1975– The Ford teaching Project & Clem
Adelman• 40 guru SD & SMP mengkaji praktek
pembelajaran melalui Action Research. Guru-guru tersebut mengembangkan hipoteses mengenai pembelajatan mereka yang diapat dibagikan dengan guru-guru lain untuk meningkatkan pembelajara
– Lawrence Stenhouse• Mempopulerkan istilah The Teacher as
Reseacher
![Page 6: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sejarah 5Action Research is generally attribute to Kurt Lewin. Lewin maintainance that through action research advances in theory and needed social changes might simultaneously be achieved. According to Lewin action research is consisted analysis, fact-finding, conceptualization, planning execution,more fact-finding or evaluation; an then a repetition of this whole circle of activities; indeed a spiral of such circles
![Page 7: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Definisi 1
Action research merupakan gabungan kata antara act dan research procedure; it is action disciplined by enquiry, a personal attempt at understanding while engaged in a process of improvement and reform
![Page 8: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Definisi
… aims to contribute both to the practical concerns of people in an immediate problematic situation an to the goals of social science by joint collaboration within a mutually acceptable ethical framework.
Robert Rapoport (1970)
![Page 9: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Definisi
Action research is a form of self-reflection enquiry undertaken by participants in social (including educational) situation in order to improve the rationality and justice, (a) their own social or educational practices, (b) their understanding of these practices, and (c) the situations in which the practices are carried out. It is most rationally empowering when undertaken by participants collaboratively, though it is often undertaken by individuals, and sometimes in cooperation with “outsiders”. In education, action research has been employed in school-based curriculum development program, and systems planning and policy development
Stephen Kemmis(1983)
![Page 10: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Definisi
… is about systematic study of attempts to improve educational practice by groups of participants by means of their won practical actions and by means of their own reflection upon effects of those action.Put simply action research is the way groups of people can organise the conditions under which they can learn from their own experiences. (Kemmis)
Dave Ebbutt (1985)
![Page 11: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Definisi
Action research might be defined as ‘the study of a social situation with a view to improving the quality of action within it”. It aims to feed practical judgment in concrete situations, and the validity of the ‘theories’ of hypotheses it generates depends not so much on ‘scientific’ tests of truth, as on their usefulness in helping people to act more intelligently and skillfully. In actions-research “ theories’ are not validated independently and then applied to practice. They re validated though practice
John Elliot(1991:69)
![Page 12: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sejarah
Carr and Kemmis (1986) describe action research as being about: – the improvement of practice; – the improvement of the understanding of
practice; – the improvement of the situation in which
the practice takes placeCarr, W. & Kemmis, S. (1986) Becoming
Critical: education, knowledge and action research. Lewes, Falmer.
![Page 13: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Action Research spiral
Based on Elliott’s (1991:71)
![Page 14: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Action Research spiralBased on Ebbutt’s Model
![Page 15: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Action Research SpiralBased on McKernan (1991:29)
![Page 16: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tiga Fase dalam Observasi
![Page 17: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Planning Meeting
Memberikan kesempatan kepada observer dan guru dengan untuk merenungkan pembelajaran yang akan dilakukan, dan tentunya ini akan mengarahkan kepada keputusan bersama untuk mengumpulkan data observasi pada aspek dari praktek kelas guru.
![Page 18: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Classroom Observation
Observer, mengamati guru dan mengumpulkan data yang berhubungan dengan proses belajar mengajar yang sudah disepakati sebelumnya
![Page 19: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Tips Classroom Observation
What is the purpose of the observation?What is the focus of the observation?What teacher/student behaviors are important to observeWhat data-gathering methods will best serve the purpose?How will the data be used?
![Page 20: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Open Observation (From Bollington and Bradley)
The observer should aim to record factual and descriptive information teaching skill
1. Presentation2. Indirect teaching3. Direct teaching4. Voice 5. Questioning
strategies 6. Feedback 7. Subject matter8. expectations
![Page 21: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Feedback Discussion
Observer dan guru mendiskusikan data yang terkumpul selama observasi berlangsung, dan memutuskan tindakan yang tepat berdasarkan catatan observasi dan menentukan rencana pengamatan selanjutnya
![Page 22: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Pedoman Observasi
![Page 23: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Lembar Ceklist
QuestionResponse
V NV + 0 -
1
2 3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10
Totals 6 4 6 3 1
Question
Keterangan
V Respon verbal
NVRespon non-
verbal+ Positif respon0 No respon
-Negative respon
![Page 24: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Alat Pengumpul Data
Field NotesAudiotape RecordingPupils DiariesInterviews videotape recorderQuestionerSociometriDokumentSlide and photography
/tape
![Page 25: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Alat Pengumpul Data
Field NotesAudiotape RecordingPupils DiariesInterviews videotape recorderQuestionerSociometriDokumentSlide and photography
/tape
![Page 26: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Analisis Data
Framework for Analysis– Data collection and the initial
generation of categories– Validation of categories– Interpretation of categories– Action
![Page 27: 40200199 Classroom Action Research From Hopkins](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061118/545cb2b0b1af9f534f8b456e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Enjoy Your Research