400words Complete Version Back

8/6/2019 400words Complete Version Back

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3. aggregate (adj)

Gathered into or amounting to awhole.

It is impossible to judge last year'sperformance without knowing theaggregatesales numbers

adj + v + n) tphpli,tonb

2. adversely (adv)

In a harmful way; negatively

Excessive rainfall early in the springcanadversely affectthe planting ofcrops

(adv) bt li

1. abandon (v,n)

desert, leave behind

To save their lives, the sailors had toabandonthe sinking ship

(v) t b, b ri; (n) s phng tng,bung th

6. intensify (v)

To increase in power; to act withincreased strength

Jacob's long absenceintensifiedhiscertainty that he should marry Rose

Tng cng, lm mnh thm, lmsu sc thm, (nhip nh) lm ni ln

5. fertilize (v)

To supply with nourishment for plantsby adding helpful substances to thesoil

This farmfertilizestomatoes morethan any other crop.

(v) th phn, th tinh, lm cho phnhiu

4. cultivation (n)

Preparing the land to grow crops;improvement for agricultural purposes

With the development of landcultivation, hunters and gathererswere able to settle in one place

(n) cy cy, trng trt, nui dng

9. photosynthesis (n)

The process by which green plantsmake their own food by combiningwater,salts,and carbon dioxide in thepresence of light.

Oxygen is a by-product of theprocess ofphotosynthesis.

S quang hp

8. obtain (v)

To gain possession of; to get

After a series of difficult interviews, hefinally was able toobtainthe job

t c, ginh c, vn tn ti

7. irrigation (n)

The supplying of water to dry land

In dry areas of the country, you cansee ditches all over the farmland forirrigation

(n) s ti, s ra

12. catastrophic (adj)

Extremely harmful; causing financialor physical ruin

The architect died in acatastrophicelevator accident.

Thm khc, th thm

11. anticipate (v)Expect; Sense sth before it happens

By placing sensors in earthquake-prone areas, scientists cananticipatesome tremors in time towarn the public

Thy trc, lng trc, cp vicg trc khi n xy ra

10. precipitation (n)

Water that falls to the Earth's surface

In the Pacific Northwest, the highlevel ofprecipitationensures rich,green plant life

S vi v, kt ta, ma, lng ma

15. famine (n)

Severe hunger; a drastic food shortage

The potatofaminein Ireland in themid-nineteenth century caused largenumbers of Irish people to emigrateto America

Nn i, s khan him

14. eruption (n)

A sudden, often violent, outburstTheeruptionof Mount St.

Helens in 1980 caused 57 deathsand immeasurable change to theface of the mountain.

Usage tips Eruption is oftenfollowed by an of phrase

Phun, n, mc (rng), pht ban

13. collide (v)

To come together with great or violentforce

As usual, their holiday was ruinedwhen their in-laws' views on politicscollidedwith their own

Va chm, va ng, xung t

18. persevere (v)

To keep going, despite obstacles ordiscouragement; to maintain apurpose

The hikerspersevereddespite thebad weather and the icy trail

Kin tr, bn ch

17. impact (n)

A strong influenceThe speech about the importance of

education made animpacton me.

Usage tips Impact is usually followedby on or of

nh hng, va chm

16. flood (n)

An overflowing of water; excessive

amountThe constant rain and poor drainage

system caused afloodin town.

The political party sent out a flood ofletters criticizing their opponents.

(n) Nn lt, trn ngp (v) a ti, chymu d con , a ra


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21. adapt (v) To adjust to thecircumstances; to make suitable

Dinosaurs could notadaptto thewarmer temperatures.

The teacheradaptedthe exercisesfor his more advanced students.

Usage tips Adapt is followed by to

Thch nghi, tra vo, phng theo

20. unleash (v) release thing/ emotion

When they saw the strange man ontheir property,theyunleashedtheirdogs.

He is from such an unemotionalfamily,he will never learn tounleashhis feelings

Tho xch, g rng buc, gy chin

19. plunge (v) go down suddenly;decrease by a great amount in ashort time

He jumped off the diving board andplungedinto the pool.

The value of the companys stockplunged

Lao xung, nhn chm, ri tt xung

24. feature (n) Part, characteristic

The bestfeatureof this car is itsheated seats.

Usage tips Feature is often followedby of.

(n) c trng, nt mt, tranh bimha c bit, tit mc ch cht

(v) m t, v, cao, chiu phim

23. evolve (v) To develop/ come forth

Modern-day sharksevolvedfromtheir ancestor Eros, which lived morethan 200 million years ago.

Usage tips Evolve is often followedby into or from

Tin ha, tin trin, suy ra, pht ra

22. diverse (a) Various;showing a lotof differences within a group

India is one of the most linguisticallydiversecountries in the world.

Usage tips An -ly adverb(e.g.,linguistically) often comes beforediverse

Gm nhiu loi/ thay i khc nhau

27. migration (n)Movement from oneplace to another by a group of peopleor animals (di tr, chuyn trng)

Themigrationof farm workers fromone state to the next dependsprimarily on the harvest.

Usage tips Migration is oftenfollowed by to or from

26. inherent (a) Naturallycharacteristic; always found within sthbecause its a basic part of that thing

No job can be interesting all the time.Boredom is inherentin any kind ofwork.

Usage tips Inherent is followed by in

Vn c, c hu

25. generation (n) A group of peopleborn at about the same time (sinh ra,th h, s pht in)

As older managers retired, a newgenerationof leaders took control ofthe company.

Usage tips Before generation, new,next, earlier, or older is common.Generation is often followed by of

30. survive (v)To continue living(despite some danger or illness)After getting lost in the mountains,Gordonsurvivedby eating wildplants and catching fish.

Usage tips Survive is often followedby a phrase with by

Sng qua c, tn ti

29. process (n)A series of stepsleading to a resultTo get a good job, most people gothrough a longprocessof letter-writing and interviews.

Usage tips Process is often followedby of plus the -ing form of a verb

(n) quy trnh (v) x l, kin, diu hnh

28. physical (a)Related to the body;related to materials that can be seenor felt (thuc t nhin, vt cht, thnth, thuc bo lc)

Because of the shape of its throat, anape does not have thephysicalability to speak.

The mountains form a physical barrierUsage tips Physical before noun

33. deplete (a) To greatly decreasethe supply of a resource or material

The prolonged wardepletedthecountrys national treasury.

Tho ht ra, lm rng, lm kit sc,(y hc) lm tan mu, tiu dch

32. contamination (n) Being made

less clean by a germ or hazardoussubstance

Thecontaminationin the river camefrom the factory located just upstream

S lm bn, s nhim bnh, c hai(v kch) thnh mt

31. constraint (n)Something thatrestricts thought or action

Theconstraintsof military life keptEileen from seeing Private Morrismore than once a month

S thc p, nn, s nht

36. emission (n) Sending out from asmall space into the generalenvironment; a substance dischargedinto the air (s/vt pht ra, bc ra)

The Environmental Protection Agencyregulates theemissionof pollutantsinto the air.

Usage tips Emission is usuallyfollowed by an of phrase.

35. elementally (adv) In terms ofelements; basically

Elementally, coal and diamonds arethe same

34. dispose of (v) To throw away; toget rid of; to kill (vt b, nh bi)

She disposed of her unwantedpossessions before moving.

The tyrant cruellydisposed ofall hisenemies.

Usage tips Dispose of should belearned as a unit


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39. shrink (v)

To be come reduced in size, amountor value

If you dry your clothing on the highheatsetting,they mayshrink.

Co li, ngn li, lm co

38. reservoir (n)

a place where a liquid is collected andstoredCult members threatened to poison thetowns waterreservoir

h cha, b cha, kho d tr, nguncung cp

37. extinction (n)

Complete disapearance; the end ofexistenceHuman beings have caused theextinctionof many other species.Usage tips: implies an absolute end;an extinct thing cannot be bring backinto existence

S gip tt, tan v, tuyt ging, tiuhu

42. arbitrary (adj)

choosen simply by whim or chance,not for any specific reason

The decision to build a school inBlackberry Township wasarbitrary,without any thought to future housingpatterns.

chuyn quyn, c on, tu tin,

41. adjust (v)

to change, to get accustomed tosomething

Travelers are advised toadjusttheirwatches before arriving in the newtime zone.

sa li cho ng, iu chnh, lm chothch hp

40. stable (adj)

firm and dependable, showing littlechange

He fell because the ladder wasntstable

vng chc, n nh, bnh tnh, kinnh vng vng, bn vng

45. infinitesimal (adj)immeasurably small

The number of contaminants in thewater wasinfinitesimal, so the waterwas safe to drink.

rt nh, nh v cng, vi phn

44. exponentially (adv)

In Turkey,the value of the lira hasdecreasedexponentiallyin the lastseveral decades

theo hm m

43. denominator (n)

The number written below the line ina fraction

In the fraction 1/2,the number 2 isthedenominator.

Mu s

48. proportion (n)

A part in relation to the whole

The average employee spends alargeproportionof each workdayanswering e-mails

Usage tips Proportion is oftenfollowed by of.

T l

47. parallel (adj, n, adv)

being an equal distance aparteverywhere

The street where I live runsparallelto the main road through town

Usage tips Parallel is often followedby to.

song song

46. maximize (v)to increase or make as great aspossible

A coach helps each athletemaximizehis or her potential

lm tng n tt , cc i ho

51. accuracy (n)

precision, exactnessThe research department checks allour articles foraccuracyof factsbefore we print them.Usage tips Accuracy is oftenfollowed by of.

sng n, s chnh xc, chnhxc

50. sequence (v)

Volunteers have been asked tosequencethe files and organize theboxes

To organize or arrange in succession

S ni tip, lin tip, lin tc

49. rate (n)

The cost per unit of a good or service;the motion or change that happens in acertain timePostalratesin Japan are among thehighest in the world.Some grasses grow at therateof oneinch per day.

T l, t gi, sut, mc, hng, loi

54. feasibly (adv)

practically, in a way that can workScientists cantfeasiblybring energyfrom deep ocean currents to where itis neededon land

thc hin c, kh thi

53. compress (v)

To press togetherTo make the foundation stronger,theycompressedthe soil beforepouring the concrete.

p, nn,

52. adjacent (adj)

next to

Even though the villages areadjacentto each other, theirresidents speak different languages

Usage tips Adjacent is often followedby to.

gn k, k lin, st ngay


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57. overlap (v)

To lie over part of something; to haveelements in common

One of the two assistants will likelyget fired, since most of their du-ties inthe officeoverlap.

Ln ln, gi ln, chng cho

56. integrally (adv)

in a whole or in complete manner

Writing and spelling are taughtintegrallyas part of the readingprogram.

trn vn, ton vn

55. gut (v)To empty or hollow outIn order to remodel the house, we mustfirstgutit and throw away all the oldfixturesUsage tips Gut also means thestomach of an animal; this verb makesan image, that the inside of a building islike the inside of an animal.Rt rut, lm rng, ph hu bn trong

60. structure (n)

something constructed, such as abuilding

Most companies have a socialstructure that cant be understood byoutsiders

kt cu, cu trc, cng trnh xydng, cng trnh kin trc

59. seep (v)

To pass slowly for a long time, as aliquid or gas might

As the containers rusted, the toxicwasteseepedinto the ground.

Usage tips Seep is often followed byinto or through.

Rra, thm qua

58. retain (v)

The rain fell so heavily that the banksof the river could notretainall thewater.

to keep or hold

gi li, ngn, nm (quyn kim sot)

63. derive (v)To come from, usually through along, slow process

The Cyrillic alphabet wasderivedfrom the Greek alphabet.

Usage tips Derive is often followedby from.

Xut pht t, chuyn ho t, tm thyngun gc t

62. corrode (v)To be slowly weakened by chemicalreactionsSitting in salt water, the old coinscorrodedand became very easy tobreak.Usage tips A familiar kind of corrosionproduces rust, the reddish coating oniron or steel that has been exposed toair and water.Gm mn, mn dn, rung ra

61. circulate (v)To move throughout an area or group; tomove along a somewhat circular routeThe gossipcirculatedquickly throughthe small town.Bloodcirculatesmore quickly duringphysical exercise.Usage tips Circulate is often followed bythrough.Lu hnh, truyn b, lun chuyn, tunhon, lan truyn

66. implement (v)

to make use of, to carry out

Not until after the new software wasinstalled could we implement the newfiling system

thc hin, thi hnh

65. expeditiously (adv

quickly and efficiently

Using carrier pigeons, the militarycommanders exchanged mess-sagesexpeditiously.

c li, thit thc, thch hp

64. detection (n)

discovering something that cannoteasily to be found

With new medical technology, thedetectionof cancer is much easiernowadays

Usage tips Detection is often followedby an of phrase.

s d ra, s tm ra, s pht hin

69. maintenance (n)

The act of keeping something in goodcondition

The only problem with living in such abig house is that it requires a lot ofmaintenance.

S gi gn, duy tr, bo v, bodng, bo qun

68. installation (n)

Setting something into possible for use

Installationof the new software takesonly four minutes.

St (h thng my mc)

67. innovative (adj)

Ahead of the times, novelTheinnovativeuse of props andlighting drew many favorablecomments

C tnh cht i mi, c tnh chtsng kin

72. component (n)

one part of a system or whole

Their home theater system has anumber of separatecomponents.

Usage tips Component is oftenfollowed or preceded by of.thnh phn, phn hp thnh

71. combustion (n.)

the process of burning

When air quality is poor,combustionof materials in afireplace is prohibited

Usage tips Component is oftenfollowed or preceded by of.

st chy, s chy

70. simulation (n)

An imitation or representation

To test car safety, automobile makersstudy crashsimulations.

Sng vai, s th vai, si lt, sbt chc, m phng


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111. agnostic (adj)

Believing that humans cannot knowwhether there is a god.

His devoutly Christian parents hadproblems with hisagnosticbeliefs.

(Trit hc) Thuyt khng th bit

110. retrieve (v)

To bring or get back

Most dogs can be trained toretrieveobjects that their owners havethrown.

Tm li c (vt mt);Ly; gi ra (thng tin c lu tr)B p c (mt mt, tn tht)

109. Recede (v)

To move back or away from.

After the age of 30, his hairline begantorecedefurther back from hisforehead.

Li li.

114. be inclined to (v)

To favor an opinion or a course ofaction.

He couldnt say which candidate hefavored, but he had alwaysbeeninclined tovote Republican.

113. atheist (n)One who does not believe in theexistence of a supreme being

He argued that his scientific trainingmade it impossible for him to beanything but anatheist.

ngi theo thuyt v thn

112. animism (n)The belief that natural objects, suchas trees, have souls.

Desert cultures that practiceanimismoften believe that winds containspirits.

(trit hc) Thuyt vt linh

117. ecclesiastical (a)

Ecclesiastic [i,kli:zi'stik] (a)Relating to a church

He was looking specifically for auniversity where he could studyecclesiasticalhistory.

(a) gio s, gio hi(n) gio s

116. deify (v)

To worship as a godWhen peopledeifythe leader of theircountry, the leader is able to abusepower more easily.

tn sng, sng biphong thn, tn lm thn

115. contemplate (v)

To consider thoughtfully

If youcontemplateeach step for solong, we will never complete thisproject on time.

suy tnh; d tnh

120. sacrifice (v)

Anything offered to a deity as a

eligious thanksgiving;very harvest time, the Fadeloni peopleacrificedvegetables to their gods asshow of thanks.giving up something in order to haveomething more valuable later onn order to succeed in his career, head tosacrificehis private life and hisisure time.

119. pious (a)

Having or exhibiting religiousreverence

Sometimes she was sopiousthatthe rest of us felt like heathens.

ngoan o, sng o, o c gi

118. exalt (v)

To praise or honorHe would oftenexaltthe virtues of hisnew wife.

cao, tn dnglm thm (mu...)

123. disease (n)An unhealthful condition caused byan infection or a longterm

Thanks to developments in medicine,many once-fataldiseasescan nowbe cured.

122. decrepit (a)

Weakened or worn out because ofage, illness, or excessive use

The once-beautiful building was nowdirty, decrepit, and roofless.

gi yu, hom hem, l khhnt, nt

121. aggravate (v)

To make worse; to anger or intensify

Running willaggravateyour soreknees.

lm trm trng thm, lm xu thmlm bc mnh, lm pht cu

126. persist (v)

To continue to exist; to hold to a

purpose, despite any obstacle.If your symptomspersist, you shouldgo see a doctor.

Lola persisted in her efforts tobecome a lawyer.

c chp; khng khngtip tc tn ti

125. forensics (n)

The use of science and technology to

investigate facts in criminal cases.Advances in the study offorensicshave made it much easier to identifycriminals from very small traces ofevidence.

php l

124. fatally (adv)

Causing death or disasterThe soldier wasfatallywounded inthe battle.

ch t, mt cch cht ngi


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129. vein (n)

Any of the tubes that form abranching system, especially thosethat carry blood to the heart

She became fascinated with humananatomy, especially when shelearned howveinstransport oxygen.

(gii phu) huyt qun, tnh mch(thc vt hc) gn l

128. terminal (adj)

Located at an end; approachingdeath

The cancer ward at the hospital heldbothterminaland recoveringpatients.

giai on cui cnghc k, xy ra mi hc k

127. prognosis (n)

An educated guess of how somethingwill develop, especially a disease

The room fell silent when the doctorgave Senator Grebe a grimprognosisof months of treatment.

(y hc) d on (v s tin trin cabnh)

132. augment (v)

To make bigger or better by adding to

In some types of popular cosmeticsurgery peopleaugmentparts oftheir bodies.

The collegeaugmentedits courseofferings because studentscomplained that there were too fewchoices.

131. anesthesia (n)

Techniques for reducing sensationand feeling, especially to control pain

The Civil War was the first Americanwar whenanesthesiawas widelyused in surgery on soldiers.

Usage tips : Anesthesia andanesthetic are often usedinterchangeably.

130. wound (v)

To inflict an injury on

Sometimes he didnt realize his sharphumor couldwoundas well asentertain.

lm b thng

135. cure (v)

To restore to health

They say laughter can helpcuremany illnesses.

cha khi bnh

X l c th lu

Lu ha (cao su)

134. complication (n)

A factor that makes something moredifficult or

The surgeons could not easily stopthe bleeding because ofcomplications related to the patientsdiabetes.

s phc tp(y hc) bin chng

133. certifiably (adv)

In a manner that is officiallyrecognized

He couldnt be institutionalized untilhe was declaredcertifiablyinsane.

c th chng nhn

138. obese (a)Excessively overweight

More Americans areobesenowbecause U.S. culture encouragesovereating and discourages exercise.

bo ph, rt mp (v ngi)

137. inject (v)To insert a liquid by means of asyringe

The doctor used a needle toinjectthe medicine slowly into her arm.

tim thuc

136. implant (v)

To set in firmly; to insert in the bodysurgically

The actress had cheekimplantstomake her face look fuller.

cm cht vo

(y hc) cy di da

(n) m cy

141. astrological (a)

Related to the study of the position ofstars, the sun, and the planets in thebelief that they influence earthlyevents

Every day, Mona read herastrologicalforecast in thenewspaper, and she was careful if thehoroscope predicted trouble.

140. scar (n)

A mark on the skin left after a wound

has healed; a lasting sign of damage,either mental or physical

The surgery was successful, but it lefta largescaracross her abdomen.

so, vt so(ngha M) vt nh

139. procedure (a)

A specific way of performing or doingsomething

The flight attendant explained theemergency evacuationprocedure.

th tc (trong kinh doanh, (chnh tr),(php l).

144. horror (n)

Strong fear mixed with disgust

On Halloween night, all thehorrormovies were rented out.

s khip s

143. haunt (v)

To continually appear (in the form ofa ghost) in the same place or to thesame person

Some say the ghost of Princess Hildahauntsthis castle, appearing as aheadless form while she plays thepiano.

(ma qu) thng hay c mt mtni

142. divination (n)

Foretelling the future by finding

patterns in physical objectsIn Turkey, women offerdivinationsby reading the dregs from a coffeecup.

s bi ton


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147. notion (n) belief; fanciful impulse

The notion that older office equipmentis unreliable is inaccurate.

One morning, she suddenly took thenotion to paint her kitchen red.

Usage tips ~ that clause/ ~ to do sth

nim, khi nim, ngh/lng tin mh/k quc/c th sai

146. discriminate (Verb)

To choose carefully among options

The governor wisely discriminatedbetween urgent issues and those thatcould wait

Usage tips ~ between A&B/ A from B~ against/ in favor of sb

phn bit, phn bit i x

145. de facto (Adj)

Truly doing a job,even if not officially

Popular support established theCitizens Party as the de factogovernment

trn thc t, hnh thnh t o chnhor cch mng...., ko do dn bu

150. prejudiced (Adj)

Causing to judge prematurely andunfairly

Many consumers are prejudicedagainst commercial goods made inthird-world countries

c thnh kin, biu l thnh kin

149. paradigm (n)

pattern or model; set of assumptions

The usual paradigm for economicgrowth in developed countries doesnot apply to some poor nations.

Usage tips ~ for

mu, m hnh, kiu; h bin ho(ngn ng)

148. oppress (Verb)

keep down by force; weigh heavily on

Factory management oppressedworkers through intimidation

Be oppressed with poverty

nng, p bc n p

153. erudite (Adj) Highly educatedEven though Stella was only afreshman,she was considered eruditeby both her classmates and herprofessors

An erudite lecture

c hoc bc l hc vn su rng;uyn bc; thng thi

152. distinctly (Adv)Clearly

I distinctly remember saying that we

would meet at noon

ring bit; r rng, rnh mch, minhbch, r rt

151. curriculum (Noun)The courses of study offered by aneducational institution

The teachers met to design a newcurriculum for the Intensive EnglishProgram

cc mn hc trong 1 kho or cdy 1 trng; chng trnh dy

156. parochial (Adj)

Restricted in outlook;relating to thelocal parish

Marla moved from her ruralcommunity to get away from itsparochial thinking.

Dont send him to a parochial school

Thin cn, thuc gio x, nh th

155. implicitly (Adv)Without being stated;unquestioningly

By joining the competition,she agreedimplicitly to the rules

I trust my ban hien / ban iuimplicitly. Hehe

hon ton

154. fortify (Verb)

To strengthen

The high-priced drink had extravitamins and minerals to fortify thebody

Fortify ones courage/ fortified wine

cng c, lm cho vng chc, lm chomnh thm

159. secular (Adj + Noun)

Worldly rather than spiritual;notrelated to religion

Few private schools in the US aresecular/ Secular clergy/Secular music

th tc; thuc th gii trn tc, khngthing ling, c, mun thu, trmnm mt ln/ (n) gio sth tc

158. roster (Noun + Verb)

A list,especially of namesTwo of the names on the roster weremisspelled.

bng k tn vi nhim v phi thchin & thi gian thc hin; bng phncng/ (v) a vo bng phn cng

157. rigor (Noun)

trictness;difficult situations that comefrom following rules strictly

The wrestler followed his diet withrigor.

The rigors of military life toughenedthe young men quickly

Nghim khc, khc nghit, kh khn

162. artillery (Noun) Large guns thatshoot powerful shells;army units thathandle such guns (pho, pho binh)

An artillery barrage broke down thecitys thick walls within seconds.

The 47th Artillery fired on rebelscamped in the city center.

Usage tip artillery= army unitplural

161. allegiance (Noun)

Loyalty

My full allegiance to my country isbased on respect for its principles.

swear an oath of allegiance to King

Usage tips ~ to sb/sth

Lng trung thnh, bn phn

160. suspend (Verb)

cause to stop for a period; hang as toallow free movement

The trial was suspended when thejudge learned that one of the jurymembers knew the defense lawyer.

Circus acrobat is suspended in midair

Treo, nh ch, treo gi/ui, l lng


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165. hierarchy (n)

system of levels that places peoplegh or low accord-ing to their

mportancetarting as a lowly private,Burt Jonesradually rose through thehierarchyofhe army.sage tips Hierarchy is often followedy an of phrase thng cp bc, th bc, tn ti

164. cease (v)

stop

The lightning continued even after thethunder hadceased.

Usage tips Cease is found in officialstatements,not usually in everydayspeech

Dng, ngng, ngt, tnh, ht

163. battle (verb)

to fight against

The Viet MinhbattledFrench forcesat Dien Bien Phu for nearly twomonths in 1954.

Chin u, vt ln

168. rank (v)

o put into a many-leveled order,epending on importance or achievement

he MarinesrankedJim Hurst highest

mong all their officer can-didates.

p vo loi, sp xp thnh hng ng

167. mobilize (v)

To put members of a group intomotion

After a terrible storm,the governor

mobilizedthe National Guard to

rescue victims

huy ng, ng vin

166. in the trenches (advl)

In the middle of the hardest fighting orworkWith their unrealistic view of thiswar,our generals dont know whatthings are like outin the trenches.Usage tips Creates an image ofsoldiers fighting in a long,dug-out placein the battlefield.

171. annex (v)

To make something (usually land)part of another unit

Bardstown grew byannexingseveral

farms at the north edge of town.

Ph vo, thm vo, sp nhp, thntnh lnh th

170. strategic (adj)Related to long-term plans for achieving agoalThe United States has formedstrategic

friendships with Tajikistan and Mongolia to

have Central Asian bases in the future.Usage tips Strategic is often used withnouns for plansmu , chin lc

169. ratio (n)The relationship of one number oramount to anotherMilitary analysts say that theratioofattackers to defenders in a battle shouldbe about three to one for the attackersto win.Usage tips Ratio is very often followedby an of...to structuret s, t l

174. conquest (n)

takeover by force or continued efforthe first recordedconquestof

Mt.Everest was by Tensing Norgay and

ir Edmund Hilary.

sage tips Conquest is usually followedy an of phrase. xm chim, s chinh phc

173. collapse (v)

To fall down,usually because ofweakness

sp, sp , suy sp

172. apex (n)

The highest point

Gregory knew that his running skills hadto be at theirapexduring thetournament.Usage tips Apex is often used todescribe the high point of someonesabilities.

nh, ngn, chm

177. prevailing (adj)

Strongest or most common

Theprevailingattitude among our

neighbors is to be friendly but not too

friendly

Thnh hnh, ph bin, thng dng

176. invasive (adj)

Aggressively entering into someoneelses territory

Surgery with a laser is lessinvasive

than surgery with a knife or scalpel.

Xm lc, xm chim, xm ln

175. devise (v)

To find an original way to make anobject or a plan

The soldiersdeviseda way to cross

the river into enemy territory without

being seen

Sng ch, pht minh.

180. violation (n)

n action that breaks a law orgreement; mistreatment of somethingat deserves respecthe armys testing of new weapons wasviolationof the cease-fireagreement.Usage tips Violation is often followedy an of phrase.s vi phm, ph ri, xc phm

179. severely (adv)

Harshly;extremely

Commanders severely punished anysoldier who criticized the battle plan.

Kht khe, gay gt, mnh lit, gay go

178. resist (v)

To refuse to give in to a strong force ordesireAlthough many native nationsresisted,the U.S.government eventually tookover almost all Indian land.

Khng c, chng li


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183. consequence (n)

In order according to time

Usage tipschronologically is often usedwith arranged, organized, listed or someother word for order.

hu qu, h qu, tnh quan trng

in consequence: vy th

182. coincide (v)

Happen or exist at the same time

Usage tipsCoincideis often followedby a withphrase

ng nht, trng khp, xy ra ngthi

181. chronologically (adv)

A result, often one much later in timethan the cause

Usage tips Consequenceusuallyimplies something negative or seriousabout the result.

theo nin i, theo th t thi gian

186. diminish (v)

Make something smaller or weaker;become smaller or weaker.

The Protestant Reformationdiminishedthe power of the Roman Catholic Pope.

m m t t, khng r

185. deny (v)

Say that something is not true

Usage tips Denyis often followed bythe -ingform of a verb or by a thatclause.

ph nhn, t chi

184. core (adj)

an area or object at the center

Usage tips Coreis often followed byanother noun (e.g., core principle) or byan ofphrase.

Li, trung tm,ht nhn.

Ngha bng: ni y lng

189. Orwellian(adj)

Frightening and over controlled by agovernment that interferes in nearlyevery aspect of personal life

Biometric devices like eye-scannersallow anOrwellianlevel of governmentknowledge about everyones location.

188. Milieu(n).

General environment or surroundings

Many Vietnam veterans did not feelcomfortable in the antiwar socialmilieuof the 1970s

mi trng, hon cnh

187. Longitude(n).

A system of imaginary lines runningfrom north to south along the Earthssurface, where each line is numberedfrom 0 to180west or east.

(a l,a cht) kinh

192. commodity (n)

thing that can be bought and sold,uch as grain, oil, or wood

sage tipsA thing is called a ommoditynly in the context of buying or selling it.

t mua ca hng dng (nht lng trong nh); hng ho; tin nghi

191. allocate(v)To give out different amounts fordifferent purposes

Usage tipsThings that can be allocatedare things that can be

ch nh; dng (s tin vo vic g),cpcho (ai ci g); phn phi, phn pht;chia phn; nh r v tr

190. reconciliation (n)

Coming back together peacefully afterhaving been enemies

South Africa avoided a bloodbath afterapartheid by setting up a Truth andReconciliationCommission.

s ho gii, s ho hp, s iu ho

195. inflation(n)

A situation in which prices for manyitems rise quite fast

s bm phng, s thi phng; tnhtrng c bm phng, tnh trng cthi phngs lm pht

194. equity (n)

The value of ones Barnardsequityin the businessUsage tipsIn this meaning, followedby an inphrase.tnh cng bng, tnh v t, tnh hptnh hp l(t M,ngha M) yu sch hp tnhhp l; quyn li hp tnh hp l

193. decline(v)

To decrease in power or amountAmericas railroadsdeclinedbecausethe automobile dominated Americanlife.nghing i, dc nghing itn dn (ngy); x, x t (mt tri...);suy i, suy dn (sc kho); st xung

198. regulate(v)Control according to a set of rules

Trading on the New York StockExchange is the exchange and byfederal law.

iu chnh, sa li cho ngquy nh; chnh l, chnh niu ho

197. per capita(adv)For each person

Research shows were likely to sell 15light bulbsper capitaper year inmedium-sized cities.

li tc tnh theo mi u ngi (li tctrung bnh ca mi ngi)

196.net (adj)After all costs have been subtractedfrom an amount.

My gross salary is around 35,000, butmynetpay is closer to $29,000.

li, by, mng (n)

thc, cui cng, chung cuc (adj)


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201. accumulate(v)To build up a large amount ofsomethingOver several generations, theHarrington familyaccumulatedvastwealth by buying and selling land.

cht ng, chng cht, tch lu, gomgp li; tch lu vn

200. tangible(adj)Obviously real because it can be seen,touched, or otherwise observed.

Onetangiblebenefit of puttingelectrical cables underground is aclearer view of the sky.hu hnh, c th s m c,xc thc,hin nhin, r rng, khng th nghi ngc; c tht

199. subsidy(n)Money given by a government or otherorganization to support an activity.

tin do chnh ph chi ra h tr mtngnh cng nghip, ng h ngh thut,gi cho gi c khng tng ln; tin tr c

204. impoverish(v)To make a person or group poor.

The collapse of the steel industryimpoverishedeastern Ohio.

bn cng ho, lm cho ngho khlm kit mulm ht cng dng; lm hao mnlm cho kit sc, lm cho suy nhc

203. elite(adj)

Belonging to a special, honored

Messer is aneliteclimber whorecently mountain without extraoxygen.

202. affluence(n)

Wealth and the style of life that goeswith itMonadic grew up amidaffluence,which poorly prepared him for his radstudent days in crowded apartmentswith no servants.s giu c, s sung tc

207. prestige(n)

Honor and respect for being better thanthe average

The Grassleys enjoyed theprestigeofliving in the historic town, but they didnot feel at home there.

thanh th, uy th, uy tn

206. nobility(n)A group of socially prominent peoplewith special titles given by a king orqueen, such as dukeor countessUsage tips Nobilityis used as a namefor a group of distinguished people; itcan also mean a highly dignified formof behavior.tnh cao qu, tnh cao thng, tnh caonh, tnh thanh cao, gii qu tc, tnglp qu phi

205. luxury(n)Extreme comfort, beyond whatanyone needsAutomakers try to give their cars animage extras like heated seats andsatellite trackings xa x, s xa hoa, vt t gi vthch th nhng khng cn thit; hngxa x; xa xphm

210. working class(n)

People with low-paying (often unskilled)jobs who are not poor but who are notsecurely in the middle class.

209. prosper(v)

To do very well in ones business orpersonal life

Usage tipsA person can prosper; socan a group, a company, or an area.

thnh vng; phn vinh; thnh cng;pht t

208. privileged(adj)

Able to enjoy special advantages becauof ones position (usually because ofbeing born into a wealthy or powerfulfamily)

c c quyn, c likhng cn phi tit l, b mt v mt phl

213. asset (n)

A possession that has positive valueUsage tipsSome examples of assetsare real estate, cash, and stockshares.( s nhiu) ti sn (ca mt ngi haymt cng ty) c th dng tr n, (s nhiu) ca ci, ti sn, vt thucquyn s hu, (thng tc) vn qu,vt c ch, vt qu

212. assess(v)

To estimate the value of something

The Barnes building wasassessedat$1.3 million, but it can probably sell formuch more than that.quyt nh hoc n nh s lng caci g; c nh, c lng cht lngci g; nh gi

211. acquire (v)

To get something, usually somethingwith special value or meaning

Usage tipsUnlike get, acquireimpliesthat a possession has special value ormeaning.c, ginh c, thu c, tc, kim c

216. lease(v)`To rent something for a long time

(several months or years)

Some drivers prefer toleasea carrather than buy one.

hp ng cho thu, cho thu

215. jointly (adv)

Together with one or more other partiesIn most states, a husband and wife areassumed to own all their possessionsjointly.

cng, cng nhau, cng chung

214. hazardous(adj)Dangerous

Parents have to be careful not to buychildrens clothes and toys made ofhazardousmaterials.

mo him; nguy him


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219. safeguard (v)

o protect

burglar-alarm systemsafeguardsourouse when we go away onacation.sage tips:Safeguard implies continuousrotection over a long time.o v, che ch, gi gn

218. proprietor (n)

Owner, usually of a business or abuildingTheproprietorof Hekmans Windows isNels Hekman, grandson ofthe people who established the factory.Usage tips: Very often, proprietor isfollowed by an of phrase.Ngi ch, ngi s hu

217. liability (n)

Legal responsibility for harming a personor property; a disadvantageHenderson is just aliabilityto our workteam, because he never finishesanything on time.Usage tips: In its second meaning,liability is often followed by a tophrase.

Tin n, ngha v php l

222. dynamic (adj)

Full of energy

This job requires adynamicperson,

someone who will look for opportunities

instead of just waiting around for them.

Nng ng, si ni, ng lc hc,chc nng (y hc)

221. compensate (v)

To give an employee money or otherthings in exchange for the work

My pay doesnt properlycompensate

me for my efforts, but my other

benefits, like health insurance, fill in

the gap.

n b, b p, bi thng

220. sole (adj)

Only

Many people have wanted to invest inHarrys publishing business, but heremains thesoleowner.

Usage tips: appears before the nounnot come after a linking verb like be

Duy nht, n c, mt v chmt

225. incentive (n)A possible benefit that motivates aperson to do a certain thing

This citys willingness to support itspublic schools gave us anincentiveto move here with our two youngchildren.

Khuyn khch, ng vin, s khch l

224. exploit (v)

To take advantage of; to treatinconsiderately in order to profit

The company tried toexploitthe lowinterest rates to expand operations.

Khai thc, bc lt, li dng, hnhng dng cm, k cng

223. enterprising (adj)

Creative in thinking of ways to makemoney

Immigrants are often among the mostenterprisingmembers of society,because anyone brave enough to makean overseas .

Mnh dn, dm nghdm lm

228. merit (n)

Value; success based on ones work,not on luck

Pay raises at our company are basedonmerit, as determined by acommittee of managers.

Usage tips: Merit is uncountable.S xut sc, s xng ng, s kin

227. marginal (adj)

Not very significant or effective

Our new advertising campaign hadonlymarginalsuccess, raising salesby a mere 3 percent.

Mp, mp, kh trng trt (t ai)

226. industrious (adj)

Willing to work hard

The Dutch settlements in OttawaCounty were founded byindustriousfarmers who objected to frivolousbehavior such as dancing.

Cn c, sing nng

231. distill (v)

To remove one liquid from a mixtureof liquids by boiling; to get somethingvaluable from a confusing mix of ideas

The forest peoples of Southeast Asia

distillan alcoholic drink called darak

Chy nh git, chng ct (ha hc)

230. resign (v)

To quit ones job

Because of controversy over his

leadership style, Mortonresigned

from his job as president.

T chc, t b, cam chu

229. promote (v)

To move someone to a higherposition in a company

Because of his excellent handling ofthe Vredeman account, Jim Harriswaspromotedto vice president.

Thng cp, xc tin, y mnh

234. haggle (v)

To argue back and forth about a priceThe customer and the shopkeeperhaggledover the silver plate for morethan an hour.

Usage tips:followed by over or about.Tranh ci, mc c (kinh doanh)

233. extract (v)

To take out

International mining companies came tothe Malay Peninsula toextracttheregions massive tin deposits.

Trch, bn rt, nh, khai cn (ton)

232. entreprenneurial (adj)

Able to create business opportunitiesfrom a wide variety of circumstances

Many engineers of the 1970s madegreat computers, but only a few wereentrepreneurialenough to see thebusiness possibilities ..

Ngh thu khon


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237. proportionately (adv)

In an amount appropriate to each ofseveral recipients

The food aid was distributedproportionatelyper family, withlarger families receiving more.

Cn i, i xng

236. merchant (n)

A person who makes a living byselling things

The spicemerchantsof the easternmarkets charged top prices to theDutch and British sailors, who ..

Nh bun, thng gia, bun bn

235. intrepid (adj)Fearless

For nearly 200 years, only the mostintrepidcolonists would cross theAppalachian Mountains.

Gan d, dng cm

240. shuttle (v)

To move back and forth oftenbetween two places

The small jetshuttlesbetween KualaLumpur and Singapore nearly everytwo hours.

Con thoi, qua li nh con thoi, giaothng vn ti tuyn ng ngn

239. reward (n)

Something one gets for having donewell

The greatestrewardof being aparent is to see your child make awise decision.

Phn thng, thng cng, n n

238. prototype (n)

The first one made of a machine orsystem

The airplane manufacturer usesrobots to test everyprototype, just incase there is a problem with thedesign

Ngi u tin, vt u tin,

nguyn mu

243. bitterly (adv)

Strongly and with a lot of bad feelings

Senator Thomasbitterlyopposedthe movement to design a new stateflag.

Cay ng, chua cht

242. authority (n)The power to make decisions, to tellothers what to do.

The governor has theauthoritytocall the legislature together foremergency sessions.

Quyn th, ngi c thm quyn, tiliu c th lm cn cng tin cy

241. advocate (v)To speak out in favor of something

Some environmentalistsadvocate

removing large dams from the

Columbia River.

Ngi bin h, ngi bo cha,ngi ng h, ch trng, tn thnh

246. contest (v)To challenge

Dave Roper, who narrowly lost the

mayors race, contestedthe results,

demanding a recount of the votes.

Cuc thi, trn u, tranh lun, tranhci, tranh ginh, tranh c

245. coalition (n)

A group of several different groups orcountries that are working together toachieve a certain goal.

Several local churches, synagogues,and temples formed acoalitiontopromote understanding among

S lin kt, s lin minh

244. candidate (n)Someone who wants to be chosen,especially in an election, for aposition

In most U.S. elections, there are onlytwo major-partycandidatesforpresident.Ngi ng c, ngi xin vic, thsinh

249. policy (n)

An approved way for approaching acertain kind of situation

Thepolicysaid that governmentmoney could not be given to any one.

Chnh sch, cch x s, cc iukhon, s sng sut, khn ngoan

248. inaugurate (v)

To bring into public office; to startformally

The president is elected in Novemberbut isinaugurateduntil Jan..

Gii thiu, khai mc, khnh thnh,mu

247. election (n)

A process in which people chooseofficialsBecause of problems with vote-counting,international observers monitored thisyearselectionto make sure it was fair.S tuyn c, s bu c

252. allegedly (adv)

According to what people say

The chief financial officer of the

companyallegedlytook company

money for his personal use.

Mi ngi cho rng, c cho rng

251. accuse (v)

To say that someone did somethingwrong (e.g., committed a crime)

Jordan wasaccusedof using a

stolen credit card to buy about $300

worth of electronic equipment.

Buc ti, kt ti

250. poll (v)

To find out a small groups opinion so

that you can guess what a much largergroup thinksThe newspaperpolled500 registered

voters and found that only 27 percent

were in favor of expanding the city zoo.

Bu c, b phiu, thm d kin


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255. guilty (adj)

Responsible for doing something bad

The jury found that the director wasguiltyof embezzlement.

254. convict (v)

To decide that someone is guilty of acrime

Dean wasconvicted ofassault afterthe jury saw a video of him strikinganother man.

Usage tips Convict is often used in thepassive voice.

253. civil (adj):

Involving a dispute between twocitizens, not a criminal charge

In acivilsuit against his neighbor,Barney claimed that the neighborsdog had bitten him.

Usage tips :civil suit, civil action, civilcourt, civil proceedings, civilpenalties.

258. suspect (n)

Someone who, in the opinion of thepolice, might have committed acertain crime

The police were investigating theactivities of fivesuspectsin theliquor-store robbery.

(n)Ngi kh nghi, ngi b tnh nghi

257. peer (n)

A person who is ones social equal

In requiring judgment by a jury of onespeers, U.S. law meant to protect lower-class defendants from the possiblybiased judgment of upper-class juries..

(n) ngi cng a v, ngang hng

256. offense (n)

A specific act that breaks the law

Convicted twice of reckless driving,Victor will lose his license if hecommits another serious trafficoffense

(n)s vi phm, phm ti

261. apprehend (v)

To capture

The policeapprehendedthe robberysuspect as he tried to get on a bus toChicago.

(v) tm ly, bt ly

260. witness (v)

To see something, especially a crime,happen

Afterwitnessingthe car theft,Rodney called the police

(v) chng kin, lm chng

259. verdict (n)

A judgment in a court case

It took the jury only 30 minutes toreach averdictof guilty.

Usage tips Verdict is often the objectof the verbs reach or arrive at.

(n) li tuyn n, phn quyt

264. condemn (v)To speak out against something invery strong terms

Religious radicalscondemnedthegovernment for allowing alcohol to besold in restaurants.

(v) kt n, kt ti, x pht

263. bureaucratic (adj) quan liu

Related to a large organization with a lotof complicated procedures

Before I could speak with the chief, Ihad to go through abureaucraticrunaround of identity checks and writtenrequests.

Usage tips implies that something isinefficient and unnecessarily complicated.

262. ascertain (v) To make sure of

The police failed toascertainthat theman they arrested was the GregoryBrown they were really looking for.

Usage tips Ascertain is oftenfollowed by a that clause. Notice thatthe root of the word is the adjectivecertain, meaning sure.

(v) bit chc, xc nh chc chn

267. inquiry (n)

An investigation

The FBI launched aninquiryinto therelationship between organized crimeand the trucking company.

(n) Cu hi, yu cu thng tin; siu tra, thm vn

266. implicate (v)

To suggest that someone was involvedin a crime or other wrong behavior

No group claimed responsibility for thebombing, but the type of explosive usedimplicatesthe Heartland Freedom Militia

Usage tips Implicate is often followedby in.

(v) li ko, lm vng, dnh lu vo

265. evidence (n)

Something that makes the truth of astatement seem more likely

The most convincingevidencethatGarner robbed the store was avideotape from surveillance cameras.

(n) chng c, bng chng

70. surveillance (n) s gim st

process of watching something or

omeone for a long time, usually becausee person is suspected of something

olicesurveillanceof one suspectedar thief resulted in the arrest of ahole gang of carjackers.

sage tips Surveillance is oftenllowed by an of phrase

269. seize (v)

To take something against its ownerswill

Federal agents canseizeprivatehomes and other property possibly

(v) bt gi, tch thu; nm, chp, gi.

268. intrusively (adv)

In a way that brings an unwantedperson or thing into someone elsesaffairs

The new consultant from companyheadquarters appearedintrusivelyatmeetings

(adv) xm nhp, xm phm (n) Nn lt,trn ngp (v) a ti, chy mu d con


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273. contrary (adj)

Opposite

Contrary to most studies, Dr. Itoswork shows the worlds climate is notgetting warmer.

Usage tips Common phrases arecontrary to and on the contrary

(adj) i lp

272. assail (v)

To attack or criticize forcefully

With DNA evidence from the crimescene, the defense lawyerassailedthe police for falsely arresting hisclient.

(v) tn cng, xng vo nh.

271. analyze (v)

To examine something by looking atits parts

Chemistsanalyzedthe white powderand found it to be only a mixture ofsugar and salt.

(v) phn tch, nghin cu bn cht

276. inference (n)

A conclusion drawn from evidence

Inspector Dowdsinferencethat Ms.Miller was South African was basedon her accent.

(n) s suy ra, s kt lun

275. impair (v)

To make something less effectivethan usual

The snowimpairedJohns ability tohear anyones footsteps.

Usage tips The object of impair isoften [someones] ability to

(v) lm suy yu, km.

274. hypothesize (v) a ra gi thuyt

To make a guess, the correctness ofwhich will eventually be investigatedsystematically.

Scientistshypothesizethat planetscapable of supporting life exist beyondour solar system, but they have not yetseen any..

Usage tips Hypothesize is often followedby a that clause

279. tolerate (v)

To avoid getting upset aboutsomething

My math teachertoleratesa lot oftalking in her class, but my historyteacher tells us to be quiet.

(v) tha th, khoan dung; chu ng

278.suspicious (adj) nghi ng, kh nghiBelieving that something is wrong;acting in a way that makes peoplebelieve you have done something wrong

The neighbors becamesuspiciousofJim when he bought a big new car andsome fancy clothes. Jimssuspiciouspurchases made his neighbors think hemight be getting money illegally.

Usage tips Inherent is followed by in

277. objectively (adv)Based on unbiased standards, not onpersonal opinion

I dont like Mr. Rowan, but lookingobjectivelyat his sales numbers, Isaw that he was a very valuableemployee.

(adv) khch quan

282. cynically (adv)

Disrespectfully; emphasizing theweaknesses of otherwise respectedthings

Employees of the RoadwaysDepartmentcynicallyreferred totheir boss as the banker because hetook so many bribes.

(adv) bt cn o l

281. bribery (n)

Giving money or other gifts to agovernment official or other person inauthority in order to get specialprivileges

Bribery of police officers is commonin countries where police salaries arevery low.

(n) st lt, n hi l; mua chuc

280. versus (prep)

Against

In the debate, it was pro-war senatorsversusantiwar senators

Usage tips Versus is oftenabbreviated as vs. in sports contexts,or simply v. in legal contexts.

(prep) chng li, u vi.

285. grotesque (adj)

Extremely unattractive, in a way thatcatches a lot of attention.

Spending $3.5 million to redecoratethe governors house is agrotesquemisuse of public money.

(n) l bch, k cc.

284. evade (v)To get away from something that triesto catch you

The robbery suspects tried toevadethe police by fleeing to Canada.

(v) trnh khi, ln trnh

283. erode (v)

To wear away and become smallerPeoples respect for the governmenterodedas more officials werearrested for corruption.

Usage tipsErode can be intransitive(the beach eroded) or transitive (thewaves eroded the beach).

(v) xi mn, n mn.

288. reform (v)

To make big improvements

The new law was an attempt toreformthe system of giving money topolitical candidates.

(v) sa i, ci cch

287. prevalent (adj)

Common; easy to find because itexists in great amounts

Distrust of elected officials wasprevalentin our county becausemany of them were friends withcertain candidates.

(adj) ph bin, thnh hnh

286. integrity (n)

Personal honesty and good character

We dont have a problem with ouremployees stealing from the storebecause we hire only people with alot ofintegrity.

(n) tnh chnh trc, lim chnh.sd


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16/21

09. residual (adj)eft behind after most of a thing hasonen the airplane, agents foundresidualraces of heroin.adj) cn d, cn li, di ra

308. potent (adj)PowerfulA verypotenttype of marijuana withsurprisingly strong effects becameavailable in Burry town.(adj) c hiu lc, c hiu nghim(thuc...); c uy lc ln; c sc thuytphc mnh m (l l)

307. modify (v)Make small changes in order to get acertain resultPeople who live in high mountainsoftenmodifytheir car engines to runwell in the thinner air.(v) sa i, thay i

12. cohesion (n)Ability to stay together as a unitFamilycohesionis difficult if youngeople have to go far away to find

work.n) s dnh lin, s c kt

311. ancestral (adj)Relating to family members from earliergenerationsSweden is myancestralhomeland,from which my great-grandfatheremigrated in 1922.(adj) (thuc) ng b, (thuc) t tin

310. subtly (adv)In a quiet, hard-to-notice wayBysubtlychanging the soft drinksformula, we improved its taste andmade production cheaper.(adv) tinh vi, tinh t

15. kin (n)

Relatives

Even though my uncle didnt really likeme, he was kind to me because wewerekin.

n) dng h; h hng

314. inheritance (n)

Things passed down to you from yourancestors

Myinheritancefrom my grandmotherincluded her favorite necklace.(v) ca tha k, gia ti, di sn

313. descendant (n)

A direct relative in a later generation(such as ones son, daughter, orgrandchild)Billy Sisisky claimed to be adescendantof Jan Sisisky, a formerking of Poland.(n) con chu, hu du, ngi ni di

18. proximity (n)

NearnessThe house was comfortable, except forsproximityto a busy road.n) trng thi gn (v khng gian,

hi gian...); s gn gi

317. paternal (adj)

Relating to a fatherMy mothers parents have both died,but mypaternalgrandparents are stillalive.(v) c quan h h hng qua ngicha; v ng ni

316. legitimate (adj)

True and respectable; in the context offamily, born of a mother and father whowere married to each otherYou can skip the meeting if you have alegitimatereason.(v) ng lut; hp php; xc thc;chnh thng

21. affection (n)

An emotional closeness or warmthshowaffectionfor my girlfriend bypending time with her, not bypending money on her.n) cm gic a thch, yu mn

320. sibling (n)

Brother or sister

Mysiblingsand I got together to buyour parents a gift for their anniversary.(n) anh ch em rut

319. sentiment (n)

Feelings; opinion based on feelings

I share yoursentimentsabout airtravel, but I disagree that cars aresafer.(n) cm tnh

24. clique (n)

A small group of friends who are

nfriendly to people outside the group

High-schoolers formcliquesto gain

ecurity and acceptance.

n) bn, phng, ti, b l

323. bond (n)

To keep something from reaching acertain placeSome researchers say that there is an

especially strong emotionalbond

between twins.

(n) mi quan h; mi rng buc

322. associate (v)To regularly spend time togetherCarol doesntassociatewith people

who smoke.

(v) kt giao, kt hp, lin hp, linkt; cho gia nhp, cho cng tc


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27.fluctuate (v)

o change often,from one condition tonother

arths climatefluctuates betweenarm periods and cold periods.

sage tips Fluctuate is usually followedy a between phrase

ao ng

326. exclusive (adj).

Keeping out all but a few people

The mostexclusiveuniversities acceptonly people who want to attend.

Usage tipscan indicate a positiveopinion,but in thecontext of friendship,itcan mean attached only to oneperson.

Loi b, loi tr

325.confide (v)

To tell very personal thingsTeenagers are more willing toconfide

in a friend than in a parent.

Usage tips Confide is almost alwaysfollowed by an in phrase.

Th liu b mt

330. willing adj.

Agreeable and ready to do something

Because of their longfriendship,Professor Gardner waswillingto say a few words

Usage tips Willing is almost alwaysfollowed by a to + verb structure.

Sn lng

329. solidarity (n)

Standing together despite pressure tomove apart

Many student groups declaredsolidaritywith the Latino StudentAssociation

Usage tips Solidarity is usually usedin political contexts.

S thng nht

328. in common (adv)

As a shared characteristic

Billy and Heather have a lotincommonbasketball,a love ofpizza,and an interest in snakes.

Usage tips In common very oftenappears with the verb to have.

im chung

333. devotion (n)

A willingness to keep supportingsomeone you admire

Grant showed greatdevotionto hiswife

Usage tips Devotion is often followedby a to phrase.

S cng hin

332. despondent (adj)

Extremely sad and without hope forthe future

After his girlfriend left him,Johnson

wasdespondentand wouldnt talk to

anyone.

Tuyt vng

331. complex (adj)

Not simple; involving many parts thatwork together

A modern car engine is toocomplexfor

most car owners to repair by

themselves.

Phc tp

336. loyal (adj).Faithful

Carter wasloyalto his girlfriend andwould not date anyone else.

Usage tips Loyal is often followed bya to phrase.

Chung thy

335. engender (v).

To bring into being;to cause to exist

The governments warnings aboutterrorismengendered fearthroughout the nation.

Usage tips Engender is oftenfollowed by a noun for an emotion.

Sinh ra, gy ra, em li

334.dilemma (n).

A difficult choice between two things

I was caught in adilemmabetween

traveling by airplane and taking

train,which is slower but more

comfortable.

Tin thoi lng nan

339. reciprocity (n)

Doing as much for another as he orshe has done for you

Dan was giving a lot of attention toKelly, but he felt no reciprocity in theirrelationship.

S nhn nhng

338. proliferation (n).

An increase in the number ofsomething

The proliferation of fast-foodrestaurants has made it harder forAmericans

Usage tips Proliferation is very oftenfollowed by an of phrase.

Ph bin

337. passion (n)

An extremely strong emotion,likelove or anger

Debbie complained that there was no

passion in her marriage.

Nim am m

2. arrogantly (adv).

a way that shows a high opinion ofneself and a low opinion of others

enny told us about her party only one

ay in advance, arrogantly thinking we

ad nothing else to do.

341. antipathy (n).

A strong,long-lasting negative feeling

Myantipathytoward telemarketers isso strong that I am often rude tothem.

Usage tips Antipathy is oftenfollowed by a toward phrase.

340.vanish (v).

To disappear suddenly

When the sun came out,last nights

light snowfallvanished.

Bin mt mt cch t ngt


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345. despise (v.)

Hate very much

Tom grew todespise his greedy andunfriendly boss.

Xem thng, khinh mit

344. contemptuous (adj)

Having no respect

Most scientists arecontemptuousofreports that aliens from outer spacehave landed on the Earth.

Usage tips contemptuous of sb/sth

Khinh b, khinh khnh

343. berate (v)

say insulting & disrespectful things (=scold/ rebuke)

The teacher lost his job because hecruellyberatedstudents who mademistakes

Usage tips U can only berate sbdirectly- only when he/she can hear u

mng m, nhic mc

348. shame (n) Dishonor becauseone has done something wrong

Feeling deep shame because of theirsons crimes, the Ford family movedto a different town.

Shame on you! Thtng xu h

Usage tips Shame of/about sth

Xu h, ngng ngng, nhc,

347. obnoxious (a)

Bothersome; doing small things thatothers dont like

My obnoxious neighbor keeps talkingto me while Im trying to read in mybackyard

obnoxious smell / obnoxious gas

Kh chu, ng ght/gh tm; c

346. humiliation n.

An event that causes someone to feelthat she or he has lost the respect ofothers

Losing the chess tournament was agreat humiliation for Marie, and shenever played chess again

S/ tnh trng (b) lm nhc, lm bmt

351.adolescent (a, n)

Characteristic of a teenager; not fullygrown up

In policy meetings, George refuses toreason with anyone and just scowls inanadolescentway.

350. vitriolic (adj) Showing anextreme, hateful anger

The mayors vitriolic attacks againstthe city council only made him soundunreasonable.Usage tips Origin of vitriolic is vitriola strong chemical that could causepainful burns.

sunfuric; chua cay, thm c

349. stigmatize (v) mark with visiblefeatures making people think,perhaps incorrectly, that sb/sth iswrong

Cadburys beard and tattoosstigmatized him as a bad match forWall Street, so he couldnt find workas a financial analyst

Lm ni tnh cch xu/bu xu; ngst nung vo (ngi n l)

354. delinquency

Serious misbehavior; not doing whatone should do

Because of his laziness anddelinquency, Lefty was an unreliablefriend

Usage tipsA common combination isjuvenile delinquency, meaningcriminal behavior by a teenager.

353.conflict (v-n)

To fit so poorly together that thedifferences cause a problem

A teenagers need for security can

conflictwith his desire for

independence from his family.

352.cause (n)A political or social goal that onebelieves is right and works to achieve

Our river cleanup effort would be moreeffective if someone famous spoke outfor thecause.

357.hypocriticallyadv

In a way that accuses other people ofweaknessesthat the speaker also possesses

Henry spent $2,500 on a new suit and

thenhypocriticallyaccused me of

spending too much on clothes

356. hedonistic (adj)

Excessively interested in seekingpleasure

Suddenly wealthy, Allen fell into ahedonisticlife of parties, expensivedinners, and heavy drinking.

Usage tipsHedonisticusually impliesthat the pleasures are wrong.

355. fringe

Edge; in social contexts, parts ofsociety that look or act very differentfrom most people

Punk music got its start at thefringeof Londons rock music culture.

Usage tipsFringeimplies an edgethat is uneven and not very solid.

360. status quon

The systems and conditions that existnow

Lets just maintain thestatus quountil

we can think of a better way.

359. Rebelv.

To go against an established

system or authorityThe people of Ghurdiarebelledagainst the dictator and set up anew government.

Usage tipsRebelworks well inpolitical contexts and in contexts ofpersonal relationships

358. manipulation n

Quietly moving or influencing peopleor things inorder to get what you want

Bobsmanipulationof the bosss

feelings led to his promotion


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363.conflict (V)

To fit so poorly together that thedifferences cause a problem

A teenagers need for security can

conflictwith his desire for inde-

pendence from his family.

i lp, tri ngc

362. Cause (N)

A political or social goal that onebelieves is right and works to achieve

Our river cleanup effort would be more

effective if someone famous spoke out

for thecause.

S nghip

361. adolescent (adj)

Characteristic of a teenager; not fullygrown up

In policy meetings, George refuses to

reason with anyone and just scowls in

anadolescentway.

Thuc hoc tiu biu thi thanh nin

366hedonistic (Adj)

Excessively interested in seekingleasure

Suddenly wealthy, Allen fell into ahedonisticlife of parties,expen-sivedinners, and heavy drinking.Usage tips Hedonistic usually implieshat the pleasures are wrong.Ch ngha khoi lc

365. fringe (N)

Edge; in social contexts, parts ofsociety that look or act very differentfrom most peoplePunk music got its start at thefringeofLondons rock music culture.Usage tips Fringe implies an edge thatis uneven and not very solid1. Ven ra 2. Thnh phn cc oan

364. delinquency (N)

Serious misbehavior; not doing what oneshould doBecause of his laziness anddelinquency,Lefty was an unreliable friendUsage tips: A common combination isjuvenile delinquency, meaning criminalbehavior by a teenager.S phm ti, phm php

69. rebel. (V)

o go against an established system oruthorityhe people of Guardiarebelledagainst

he dictator and set up a newovernment.sage tips Rebel works well in politicalontexts and in contexts of personalelationshipsi lon, chng i

368. manipulation (N)

Quietly moving or influencing people orthings in order to get what you want

Bobsmanipulationof the bosssfeelings led to his promotion.S li ko, s vn ng (bng mnhkhe)

367. hypocritiaclly (Adv)

In a way that accuses other people ofweaknesses that the speaker alsopossessesHenry spent $2,500 on a new suit and then

hypocriticallyaccused me of spending

too much on clothes.Gi nhn, gi ngha

372. context (N)larger environment that something fitston thecontextof Soviet Russia, publicrt had to be about the triumph ofommunism and its leaders.Usage tips The preposition in oftenomes before context, and an of phraseten comes after it.Ng cnh

371. abstract.(Adj)

Not concrete and realistic; not obviouslyrelated to every-day experience

Abstractpainting became popular

partly because early photogra-phy was

very realistic.Tru tng

370. status quo (N)

The systems and conditions that existnow

Lets just maintain thestatus quo

until we can think of a better way.

Tnh trng

75.esthetically. (adv) a way that relates to beauty orppearancehe outside of the office building isstheticallypleasing,but the inside isark and unpleasant.sage tips Esthetically is often spelledith an aat the beginning:esthetically.. mt thm m, thm m

374. dimension (N)

A direction or surface along which

something can be measured; an aspectThe three dimensions of physical

objects are length,width,and depth.

Onedimensionof the problem is their

long history of competition.

Chiu, kch thc, kh

373. depict (V)

To show in pictures

Michelangelos painting on the ceiling

of the Sistine Chapeldepictsnine

scenes from the Bible.

M t, v

78. portrayal. (N)description or drawing that reflects a

ertain point of viewMostportrayalsof Abraham Lincoln

mphasize his sense of humor and hisonesty.sage tips Portrayal is often followed byn of phrase to indicate what is beingescribed. v chn dung, miu t

377.perspective (N)

A way of seeing from a particularlocation; a way of thinking about

somethingFrom myperspective, the entire towncan be seen through a set of largewindows.They held different perspectives on howto care for their aging parents.Vin cnh

376. Intrinsic. (Adj)

Being part of the basic nature ofsomething

Frequent elections areintrinsicto a

democratic system.

Thuc bn cht


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381. advent (N)

Coming; arrivalTheadventof the automobile greatly

ncreased the demand for petroleum.Usage tips Advent is usually followedy an of phrase.

Sn, s t

380. spectrum.(N)

A range of different things, usuallycolorsBarts colorful designs include everycolor of thespectrum, from deep blueto vibrant red.Usage tips The phrase the spectrumfrequently means the colors that thehuman eye can see.Hnh nh, ph mu

379.realism (N)

A technique that tries to picturesomething as it really looksRealismwas popular amongseventeenth-century Flemish painterslike Rembrandt van Rijn.Ch ngha hin thc

384. decipher. (N)o figure out the meaning, even thoughis written in a code or an unknownnguagehe Rosetta Stone helpedrchaeologistsdecipherancientgyptian writing.sage tips A cipher is a code oruzzle;decipher means solve a puzzleritten in code.

S gii m

383. connotation (N)A meaning implied,not stated directly

When my boss says, Thank you, the

connotationis that shes done talking

and I should leave.

Ngha rng

382. ambiguous (Adj)Having more than one possiblemeaning

The sentence Its hard to say is

ambiguous, with different meanings

in different contexts.

M h, lng ngha

387. ingenious (Adj)

Very clever and imaginative

Ann thought up aningeniousway to

keep other people from accidentally

taking her pens.

Thng minh v giu tr tng tng

386. illiterate (Adj)

Unable to read

In many villages nearly everyone was

illiterateand unschooled, and the few

who could read held great power

Khng c kh nng c

385.denote (V)

To mean something clearly anddirectly

An Xnext to a name on this list

denotesa person who has been

chosen for the soccer team.

Biu hin, biu th, chng t

390. symbolic. (Adj)cting as a sign for some other thing oreaince the 1970s,yellow ribbons haveeensymbolicof hope that someoneill return from a dangerous situation.

Usage tips Symbolic is often followedy an of phrase indicating the meaning a symbol.Biu tng

389. phonetic (Adj)

Related to the sounds in a language

Children learning to write often make up

phoneticspellings, based on the way a

word sounds.

Ng m

388. inscription. (N)

Something written into a piece of rockor metal

Theinscriptionon my ring says

August 1,because that was the day

of our wedding.

1. Cu vit, cu khc (trn bia)

93. charismatic (Adj)xtremely attractive and charming

ecause of the sparkle in his eye andis confident style,John F.Kennedy

as acharismaticleader.t quyn r v thu ht

392. cast (N)The group of actors in a play, movie,

television show, etc.Some viewers mistakenly start thinkingthat a TV shows cast members arereally the characters they play.Usage tips In U.S.Eng, cast is singular.In some other varieties of English it isplural.S phn phi cc vai din

391. amateurish (Adj)

Not good enough to be the work ofprofessionals

Whoever painted this room did an

amateurishjob, with all sorts of

uneven edges.

Ti t, ko chuyn nghip

396. improvisation (N)

Inventing a solution to an unexpected

problemBoy Scouts take pride in their

improvisationwhen faced with

trouble during a camping trip.

Sng bin

395. hilarious (Adj)

Very funny

In my opinion, the mosthilarious

character on television was Basil

Faulty.

Hi hc

394. Gala. (Adj) Expensive,elaborately arranged, and full ofcelebration

A college graduation party should bea gala affair, not a backyardbarbecue.

Usage tipsGala is somewhat old-fashioned, far more common in printthan in speech

t tin


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399. skit (N)

A short, informal play

Marine and Chris spent a long time

practicing theirskitfor the school

show.

V kch ngn, tro phng

398. medium (N)

A channel or way for a meaning to beexpressed

Watercolor art is often considered

childish, but some artists have

achieved great things working in that

medium.

Phng tin

397. incompetent (Adj)

Unskilled; lacking the ability toperform a task

Because we hired anincompetentbuilder to replace our roof, we nowhave leaks everywhere.

Usage tips Usually, incompetentimplies that someone tries to do

Khng c nng lc

402. reckless (adj)

careless, rash

bt cn, vi vng, hp tp

401. recede (v)

retreat, go back, subside, withdraw

li li, rt lui, rt li

400. zeal (Nj)

Enthusiasm; a deep determination todo well

Unfortunately, Tomszealto become

a rock star distracted him from his

studies.

Usage tips Zeal is often followed byto plus a verb or by a for phrase.

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