4 Storage: The Commercial Implications for Distribution, Ian Draisley and Chris West
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Transcript of 4 Storage: The Commercial Implications for Distribution, Ian Draisley and Chris West
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Ian Draisey
Managing Director, BayWa r.e. Solar Systems
NSC - 29th January 2015
National Solar Centre: Smart Solar Energy
Storage: The Commercial Implications for Distribution
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UK Market Deployment
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
% of revenue
Modules Inverters Mounting BOS Storage
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German Experience
• Largest Market for Storage – Subsidy in place
• Emphasis is on self consumption
• 99% of the market is <10kWp
• Market doubled from 2013 – 2014
• 65,000 PV systems installed in 2014 (all sizes)
• 15,000 Storage systems
• 20% price reduction in a typical system in 2014 vs 2013.
• Bank led subsidy from 1st May, 2013
• Amortization grant of up to 660 €/Wp
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German Experience (2)
• Systems vary from €3K to €15K
• Both lead acid and lithium systems are being installed
• Due to car/EV development Lithium (or similar) will win
• High cost of electricity accelerates parity
• 50% of the systems sold don’t use the subsidy
• Few large commercial systems, Bern 5MWp – wind balancing
• 5MWp battery (fast) replaces 50MWp conventional (slow)
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Insights
• No silver bullet! Storage will balance Government/policy uncertainty
• 10% of Distribution by 2017
• Not a commodity! – yet! Needs knowledge, expertise and education
• Huge potential for domestic, 3 phase not far behind!
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Export Limiting Systems –
Keeping the grid healthy and
reducing connection costs
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Introduction
• Increasing penetration of Solar PV onto the grid presents
opportunities and challenges
• Self-Co su ptio is o a i porta t topi of dis ussio
• Commercial buildings already have high self-consumption, and
want to limit what is exported onto the grid to reduce impact
on grid
• Domestic customers have low self-consumption, and want to
increase it in order to save more electricity
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• The majority of electricity generated by the PV system is consumed on site, a d does t e port onto the grid
• HOWEVER the DNO has to assume that at some point a PV system is going to export the full power onto the grid
• For example weekends and bank-holidays
• They will need to charge, sometimes a lot of money, to upgrade the lines and transformers
Commercial Load Profile
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Export Limitation
• In Germany it is a requirement that no more than 70% of PV
capacity can now be exported onto the grid
• Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) ensures regulation
occurs within 10 minute average value
• In the UK however, Export Limitation can be set to any value
between 0-100%, which for example could be pre-arranged
with DNO
• ie) Client and DNO agree to a system that can only export 16 A
per phase, even though system has potential to generate
more than that
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Example
• DNO wants to charge £300k to upgrade network for
250 kW system, because grid capacity is currently
only 50 kW
• Site is a factory with very high self consumption (100
kW base load)
• Export Restriction unit is fitted, and export is
restricted to 50 kW
• The system only turns down the inverters on sunny
da s he the u it is t orki g
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Summer
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Energy Imported
Energy Exported
PV Self Consumed
Winter
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Real Life Example – 50 kW
restricted to 12 kW
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Zero Export • Driven by conditions in Australia.
• Some electricity generators have exclusivity contracts,
meaning solar generators can not export onto the grid
• Zero restriction devices mean businesses can generate
their o ele tri it o site, ut do t iolate Australia exclusivity contracts
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UK Example • 50 kW system, zero export allowed
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Types of Export Limiting
Architectures • Export Limiting G59 panels
• Reverse current protection relays measure current,
• If current exceeds the pre-determined limit, the contactor is
tripped, and system disconnects
• So e s ste s ill load di ert
• Inverter control
• Smart meters measure current
• If current exceeds limit, the output of the inverter is turned down
• System does not disconnect
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Advantages of Limited or Zero
Export Systems • When self-consumption is very high, not a lot of electricity is
exported onto the grid anyway
• Exception is bank holidays and weekends – exactly the
moments when the grid does NOT need lots of additional
energy
• With export restriction there are advantages for
• Client, not needing to pay such high upgrade costs
• DNO, not having to take into account nuisance power and voltage
increases on the grid off peak days
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Issues DNOs have raised
• Failsafe operation of the system
• Reaction time of the system
• How to perform a witness test
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Experience in Australia
• An export restriction system can be self-certified up to 30 kVA
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Requirements
• Schematic submitted to Network Operator, approved by
certified designer
• Sealed terminals of CT clamps and lockable cabinet, plus
password protected relay management system
• Failsafe mode (system limits to most restricted amount when
communication is disrupted)
• Engineering Assessment required for systems above 30 kVA
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Questions in the UK
• What is acceptable now?
• Should there always be a witness test, or can there be a limit
under which units are self-certified?
• What should be the standard test procedure?
• What installations guidelines must installer follow in order to
e sure the s ste is safe a d a t e ta pered ith?
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Discussion