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Chapter Four

Socialization

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Socialization

The process by which people learnthe attitudes, behaviors, values, etc

deemed appropriate andacceptable for members of aparticular society

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Nature vs Nurture

Harry Harlow

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Nature vs Nurture

Harry Harlow

Conducted experiments with rhesus monkeys raised inisolation

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Nature vs Nurture

Harry Harlow

Conducted experiments with rhesus monkeys raised inisolation

Used artificial mothers - one cloth-covered, one wire-covered rigged to provide milk

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Nature vs Nurture

Harry Harlow

Conducted experiments with rhesus monkeys raised inisolation

Used artificial mothers - one cloth-covered, one wire-covered rigged to provide milk

Monkeys went to wire-covered mother for nourishment,but when frightened, went to cloth-covered mother forcomfort

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Nature vs Nurture

Minnesota Twin Family Study

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Nature vs Nurture

Minnesota Twin Family Study

Finds that genetic and environmental

factors shape human development

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Minnesota Twin Study

QuickTime and a

Sorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this p icture.

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The Self

The distinct identity that sets us apart

from others

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The Self - Cooley

Charles Horton Cooley

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The Self - Cooley

Charles Horton Cooley Looking-Glass Self - self is the product of social

interactions

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The Self - Cooley

Charles Horton Cooley Looking-Glass Self - self is the product of social

interactions

3 stages:

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The Self - Cooley

Charles Horton Cooley Looking-Glass Self - self is the product of social

interactions

3 stages:

We imagine how we present ourselves to others

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The Self - Cooley

Charles Horton Cooley Looking-Glass Self - self is the product of social

interactions

3 stages:

We imagine how we present ourselves to others

We imagine how others evaluate us

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The Self - Cooley

Charles Horton Cooley Looking-Glass Self - self is the product of social

interactions

3 stages:

We imagine how we present ourselves to others

We imagine how others evaluate us

We develop some sort of feeling about ourselves

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The Self - Mead

George Herbert Mead

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The Self - Mead

George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking

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The Self - Mead

George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking

3 stages:

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The Self - Mead

George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking

3 stages:

Preparatory Stage - children imitate those around them; begin to

understand and use symbols

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The Self - Mead

George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking

3 stages:

Preparatory Stage - children imitate those around them; begin to

understand and use symbols

Play Stage - children become more aware of relationships;pretend to be other people (role taking)

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The Self - Mead

George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking

3 stages:

Preparatory Stage - children imitate those around them; begin to

understand and use symbols

Play Stage - children become more aware of relationships;pretend to be other people (role taking)

Game Stage - children grasp their own social positions; grasp

positions of others around them

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The Self - Mead

George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking

3 stages:

Preparatory Stage - children imitate those around them; begin to

understand and use symbols

Play Stage - children become more aware of relationships;pretend to be other people (role taking)

Game Stage - children grasp their own social positions; grasp

positions of others around them

Generalized Other - the views, attitudes, expectations, etc of

society as a whole that children consider in his or her behavior

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The Self - Mead

George Herbert Mead Linked the idea of self-concept to role-taking

3 stages:

Preparatory Stage - children imitate those around them; begin to

understand and use symbols

Play Stage - children become more aware of relationships;pretend to be other people (role taking)

Game Stage - children grasp their own social positions; grasp

positions of others around them

Generalized Other - the views, attitudes, expectations, etc of

society as a whole that children consider in his or her behavior Significant Other - those individuals who are most important in the

development of the Self

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The Self - Goffman

Many of our daily activities involve attempts toconvey impressions of who we are

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The Self - Goffman

Many of our daily activities involve attempts toconvey impressions of who we are

Impression management - altering of the presentationof the Self

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The Self - Goffman

Many of our daily activities involve attempts toconvey impressions of who we are

Impression management - altering of the presentationof the Self

Face-work - the struggle to maintain an impression indifficult situations

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The Self - Freud

Stressed the significance of inborn drives - especially thosefor sex and aggression - in shaping our behavior

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The Self - Freud

Stressed the significance of inborn drives - especially thosefor sex and aggression - in shaping our behavior

Believed, like Cooley and Mead, that the Self is a social

product

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The Self - Freud

Stressed the significance of inborn drives - especially thosefor sex and aggression - in shaping our behavior

Believed, like Cooley and Mead, that the Self is a social

product However, also argued that the Self has aspects that work

in conflict with each other

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The Self - Freud

Stressed the significance of inborn drives - especially thosefor sex and aggression - in shaping our behavior

Believed, like Cooley and Mead, that the Self is a social

product However, also argued that the Self has aspects that work

in conflict with each other

Our natural impulses come into conflict with social limitationson behaviors and our rational being

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The Self - Piaget

Cognitive theory of development

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The Self - Piaget

Cognitive theory of development 4 stages:

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The Self - Piaget

Cognitive theory of development 4 stages:

Sensorimotor- children use their senses to make

discoveries

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The Self - Piaget

Cognitive theory of development 4 stages:

Sensorimotor- children use their senses to make

discoveries Preoperational - children begin to use words and

symbols to distinguish objects and ideas

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The Self - Piaget

Cognitive theory of development 4 stages:

Sensorimotor- children use their senses to make

discoveries Preoperational - children begin to use words and

symbols to distinguish objects and ideas

Concrete operational - children engage in logicalthinking

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The Self - Piaget

Cognitive theory of development 4 stages:

Sensorimotor- children use their senses to make

discoveries Preoperational - children begin to use words and

symbols to distinguish objects and ideas

Concrete operational - children engage in logicalthinking

Formal operational - adolescents become capable ofsophisticated abstract thought

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The Self - Piaget

Cognitive theory of development 4 stages:

Sensorimotor- children use their senses to make

discoveries Preoperational - children begin to use words and

symbols to distinguish objects and ideas

Concrete operational - children engage in logicalthinking

Formal operational - adolescents become capable ofsophisticated abstract thought

Cognitive development linked to moral development

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The Life Course

Rites of passage - ceremonies thatcelebrate the changes in a persons

status

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The Life Course

Rites of passage - ceremonies thatcelebrate the changes in a persons

status

Taboo

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The Life Course

Anticipatory socialization - processes ofsocialization in a which a person rehearses forfuture positions

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The Life Course

Anticipatory socialization - processes ofsocialization in a which a person rehearses forfuture positions

Ex - high school students applying for college

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The Life Course

Anticipatory socialization - processes ofsocialization in a which a person rehearses forfuture positions

Ex - high school students applying for college

Resocialization - process of discarding formerbehavior patterns and accepting new ones aspart of life transitions

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The Life Course

Anticipatory socialization - processes ofsocialization in a which a person rehearses forfuture positions

Ex - high school students applying for college

Resocialization - process of discarding formerbehavior patterns and accepting new ones aspart of life transitions

Ex - preparing convicts to return to society

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Resocialization

Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)

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Resocialization Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -

an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)

Goffman identifies 4 common traits of total institutions:

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Resocialization Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -

an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)

Goffman identifies 4 common traits of total institutions:

All aspects of life conducted in same place under

same authority

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Resocialization Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -

an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)

Goffman identifies 4 common traits of total institutions:

All aspects of life conducted in same place under

same authority Activities conducted with others in same

circumstances

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Resocialization Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -

an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)

Goffman identifies 4 common traits of total institutions:

All aspects of life conducted in same place under

same authority Activities conducted with others in same

circumstances

Authorities create rules and activities without inputfrom participants

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Resocialization Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -

an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)

Goffman identifies 4 common traits of total institutions:

All aspects of life conducted in same place under

same authority Activities conducted with others in same

circumstances

Authorities create rules and activities without inputfrom participants

All aspects of life designed to fulfill the purpose of the

organization

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Resocialization Resocialization generally occurs within a total institution -

an institution that regulates all aspects of a persons life (ex- prison, military, convent, hospital)

Goffman identifies 4 common traits of total institutions:

All aspects of life conducted in same place under

same authority Activities conducted with others in same

circumstances

Authorities create rules and activities without inputfrom participants

All aspects of life designed to fulfill the purpose of the

organization

Often, people entering total institutions experience adegradation ceremony - designed to strip individualityfrom participants

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Agents of Socialization

The family is the most important agent of

socialization

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Agents of Socialization

The family is the most important agent of

socialization

Others include: the school, the peer

group, the mass media, the workplace,

religion, and the state