4. Russian Revolution

7/29/2019 4. Russian Revolution

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RUSSIAN

REVOLUTION


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1905

Russo-Japanese War

Bloody Sunday

1914 to 1917

Russia is ruined by its participation in the First World War

March 1917

February Revolution

Tsar Nicholas II abdicates

March-

November 1917

Moderate Provisional Government (Kerensky)

November 1917

October Revolution

Bolsheviks

1917 - 1924

Lenin in power

Red VS White Civil War (1918-1920)

1924 - 1941

Stalin came to power

Five Year Plan


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Nicholas II Regime

STREGHTS (1905-1913)

Recovery after 1905

Executions of opponents

Reforms to please farmers

Buying land: Kulaks

industrial development

Improved working conditions

Universal education plan

Disorganization of

revolutionary parties

WEAKNESSES

Lack of land reforms

Industrial discontent

strikes

Government repression

Renaissance revolutionary

parties

Bolsheviks

Mensheviks

Discrediting of the Royal

Family

Rasputin


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Dumas

1906

Land confiscation, genuine electoral system, the right to approve the Tzar

ministers, right to strike, abolition of death penalty Tzar dissolved at 10 weeks

1907

Dissolved by the Tsar soon

Nicholas revoked the vote to peasants and workers

1907 to 1912

Formed by conservative groups who supported the Tsar

1912 to 1917

Groups favoring the Tsar

Rebelled against the Tsar once he entered the First World War


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March Revolution (1917)

WWI - disaster

Tsar going to the war front Zarina stays in Moscow - power vacuum

Rasputin advisor

Demostrations against the

monarchy

Duma forces the Tsar toabdicate


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Provisional Government

Alexander Kerensky

Weak government

SOVIET OF PETROGRAD

Russia continued itsparticipation in the war

Lack of land reforms

Anarchy in thecontryside

Food scarcity

Didnt have control of

the army

Bolsheviks


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Marxist Social Democratic Labor

Party was divided on

revolutionary tactics: - Bolsheviks (Majority) -

radicals

Mensheviks (Minority) -

moderate

Lenin returns from exile (April)

Germany supports him "Dictatorship of the proletariat"


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November Revolution (1917)

Kerensky Provisional Government He was still in the war

Could not arrange for a land reform

Lenin achieved the support of the Soviets and

takes control - Leon Trotsky.

Motto: Earth, Bread and Peace

The peasants wanted land

Proletariat wanted to end food shortages Red Army takes over the government

Soviet Federated Socialist Republic of Russia.


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November Rev 1917

(Coup detat)

Streghts of Bolsheviks

efficient organization

propaganda machine

Powerful private army (RedArmy)

Supported financially by

Germany

LENIN

Weaknesses of the ProvisionalGov.

Weak government could not

control its members

unpopular


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Lenin in power

1917-1924

COMmUNISTGOVERNMENT


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Bolsheviks in power

They put an end to private property and

distributed the land to the peasants

"Dictatorship of the Proletariat"

Workers are given control of the mines andindustries

New flag: hammer and sickle, a unit of worker

and peasant.

They renamed themselves Communists

Armistice: Peace with Germany

Brest-Litovsk Treaty (1918): given land in exchange

for peace (Baltic provinces, Finland and Poland

Russian runner)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg


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Bolsheviks in power

Communist society Religion is prohibited

8 hrs of work entitled to pension and unemploymentinsurance

Campaign to teach all people to read

It promotes science education and prohibits thehistory and Latin

Cohabitation, divorce and abortion.

Terror Totalitarian State with secret police (Cheka)

They murdered the Tsar and his family

censorship
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg


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CIVIL WAR

1918 - 1921


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CIVIL WAR

(1918 - 1921)

RED ARMY WHITE ARMY

Bolsheviks /

Communists

Leon Trotsky

Cheka - secret police

Labor camps

"War Communism"took control of banks,

factories, crops, etc..

1921 - Won the Civil

War

Counter

revolutionaries

They were never

really organized.

monarchists

Liberal-democratic Mensheviks, etc..

Western nations

supporting them


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EFFECTS OF THE CIVIL WAR

WHAT WAS LIVED

Centralization of the

economy

peasants unmotivated Low production

Politically, the regime

became militarized and

cruel

Death of 8 million Russians

(4 times more than in the

First War)

CHANGES

New Economic Policy

New social classes


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RECONSTRUCTION

POLITICS

'Freedom is precious, so precious that must be

rationed. Lenin

1922 - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Bolsheviks - Communist Party

The party had all the power

Dictatorship of the Party NOT of the proletariat Supreme Soviet Legislature

Universal vote

Equal rights


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RECONSTRUCTION

ECONOMY

Mean of production passed to workers and peasants

New Economic Policy (1921-1924) After 3 years of war communism, a mutiny at the Kronstadt

naval base scared the Bolsheviks, and they realized that they

were pressing the people too hard.

Lenin brought in the New Economic Policy, which allowed

some free enterprise, and concentrated on stimulatingproduction.

Coal, iron, steel and railways stayed nationalized, but the

Bolsheviks brought in experts, on high wages, to increase

production.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg


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New Social Status

New traders (called 'nepmen') were allowed to set up

small private businesses.

At the same time - where War Communism had forced

the peasants to hand over ALL their surplus grain -

Lenin let them sell their surplus, and pay a tax

instead. Some hard-working peasants became rich

(the Kulaks)

4. Russian Revolution

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