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Transcript of 4- OMO133030 BSC6900 GSM V9R13 Power Control Algorithm and Parameters ISSUE 1.01.ppt
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Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
GSM Power ControlAlgorithm and
Parameters
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Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. HWPower Control Algorithm
3. HWPower Control Algorithm
4. Other Algorithms
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Power Control Overview
Power control
Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when needed.
Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS
Purpose
Save the power of BTS and MS
Reduce the interference of the network
Increase the quality of the network
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Power Control Overview
Up link and Down link power control can be enabled independently
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Power Control Overview
Process of UL power control commands
It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period) from
command sending to getting the feedback.
SA SA1A SAA1A1 SA2A2A2 SA3A3A3
BTS sends the command for power
control and TA in SACCH header.
MS obtains SACCH
block
MS begins to send the
measurement report of the
last multi-frame.
In the 26 multi-frames,frame 12 sends
SACCH.
BTS receives the
measurement report
SACCCH report period:
26X4=104 frames (480ms)
MS adopts the newpower level and TA
MS begins to set up a new SACCH header
to report the new TA and power control
message.
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Data Configuration of Power Control Period
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Power Control Overview
Power control judgment
Power control judgment is controlled by BTS measurement
report pre-processing item which can be selected in handover
control data table
MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing): This
switch decide where power control be processed. If
measurement report pre-processing is BSC_Preprocessing,
power control is processed in BSC, and when setting it
BTS_Preprocessing, power control is processed in BTS
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Data Configuration of MR
Preprocessing
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Data Configuration of Power Control
Switch
Page8
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Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. HW Power Control Algorithm
3. HWPower Control Algorithm
4. Other Algorithms
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HW II Power Control
Power control judgment process
The power control
demand according to
receiving level
General power controljudgment
Send the power control
command
The power control
demand according to
receiving quality
MR. preprocessing
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HW II Power Control
Original data of power control -- Measurement Report(MR)
or Enhanced Measurement Report(EMR)
Network
Downlink MR
Uplink MR
TS
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HW II Power Control
Measurement report
Uplink
measurement
report
Downlink
measurement
report
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MR. preprocessing in HW II PC algorithm consists of
four steps
Interpolation
Compensation (optional)
Prediction (optional)
Filter
HW II Power Control
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HW II Power Control
MR Interpolationrecover the lost measurement report
BTS may fail to receive the MR from MS, and it needs to
recover the lost measurement reports. If the lost MR amount is
within the allowed range (Allowed MR Number Lost), then
recovers the lost MR according to the specific algorithm.
Service cell: linear algorithm
Neighboring cell: the lowest value defined in GSM specification (-
110dBm)
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HW II Power Control
MR
MR
No. n
No. n+4
MRMR MR
Missing bysome reasons
MR Interpolationrecover the lost measurement report
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Data Configuration of MR
Preprocessing
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HW II Power Control
MR. compensation Purpose: Ensure the accuracy of selection of the history measurement
report before filter.
Implementation steps:
1. Put the current receiving measurement report into the measurement reportcompensation queue.
2. Record the changed information of the transmitting power according to the
MS and BTS power levels in the measurement report.
3. After finish the measurement report interpolation, system will compensate
the receiving level of the history measurement report according to the powerchange information. The compensated measurement reports will be the
original data in the filter process.
4. Filter the compensated measurement reports.
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Data Configuration of MR.
Compensation
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HW II Power Control
MR. prediction
Purpose: Avoid power control later than needed, the delay is
dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality
Implementation procedure
1. Analyze the tendency of MR by the historical measurement
reports after interpolation.
2. Guide by the tendency, to predict the values of measurement
report to be received. There are 0~3 measurement reports
prediction, which are configured on LMT.
3. Filter the interpolated, compensated and predicted measurement
reports, and implement power control judgment.
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Data Configuration of MR. Prediction
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HW II Power Control
MR. filterSmooth the instantaneous fading point
Calculate the average value within the filter window
MR
MRMR
MR
MR
Filter----Average several
consecutive MRs
MR
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Data Configuration of MR. filter
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HW II Power Control Judgment
Power control demand based on receiving level.
After measurement report pre-processing, the power control
module makes a comparison between the expected signal
level and the current receiving signal level.
Calculate the transmitting power level step size to be adjusted,
making the receiving level value closer to the expected value.
Adopt variable step size when decreasing the transmitting
power according to the receiving level, so as to achieve the
expected level as soon as possible.
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HW II Power Control Judgment
Power control demand based on receiving quality After measurement report pre-processing, the power control
module makes comparison between the expected quality level
and the current receiving quality level.
Calculate the step size of the transmitting power level to be
adjusted: increase the transmitting power in case of poor
receiving quality, and decrease the transmitting power in case
of good receiving quality.
Adopt fixed step size when adjust the transmitting poweraccording to the receiving quality.
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HW II Power Control Judgment
General power control judgment
Power control by receiving
level
Power control by receiving
quality
Power control by signal level and
quality
AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul No action
AdjStep_Lev No action AdjStep_Lev
AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Lev
AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Qul max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
AdjStep_Lev No action AdjStep_Lev
No action AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_A
No action AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_B
No action No action No action
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HW II Power Control Feature
Adaptive power control:
Adaptive power control refers to changeable power control
strategy according to the communication environment, it makes
power control more effective and stable.
Automatically change the adjustable maximum step size of power
control according to different communication environment
(different receiving quality).
Adopt different power control strategies according to different
communication environments (different receiving quality and level).
Max. step is different between increase and decrease.
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HW II Power Control Feature
Power control within the upper/lower thresholds
Power control will not execute if the signal level and quality
is within the threshold bands.
Avoid the signal level fluctuation caused by power control.
The upper threshold can be increased dynamically in case of
bad quality.
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Data Configuration for UL Rx_Lev
Upper/Lower Threshold
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Data Configuration of Power Control
(Rx_Lev)
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HW II Power Control Advantages
Measurement report compensationto makes power control
judgment more accurate
Measurement report prediction --to avoid power control later
than needed, the delay is dangerous in case of poor level orbad quality
Power control expected signal level and quality threshold
falls within a band, this avoids receiving signal level
fluctuate up and down frequently
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Exercise
Exercises for HW II power control Given conditions:
The uplink receiving level is -55dBm, the quality is level 0. Power control algorithm is
HW II.
Data configuration is as follows: Uplink signal level upper threshold: -60dBm, uplink
signal level lower threshold: - 80dBm. Uplink signal upper quality threshold: level 1.Uplink signal lower quality threshold: level 2. The downward adjustable step size of
quality band 0 is 16dB, of quality band 1 is 8dB, and of quality 2 is 4 dB. The upward
adjustable step size of receiving level is 16dB. The upward or downward adjustable
step size for power control by quality are both 4dB.
Question: What will be the uplink stable receiving level after power control?
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Exercise
Exercises for HW II power control Answer.
First, transmitting power to be reduced according to receiving level =
actual receiving level -(uplink signal level upper threshold + uplink signal
level lower threshold)/2 -55- (-60 + (-80))/2(-55)-(-70)15dB. As the
receiving quality is level 0, downward adjustable step size of quality band 0
can be used -- decrease 16dB.
Second, the transmitting power to be decreased according to receiving
quality = as power control adjustment step size by quality is 4dB, thus
decrease 4dB.
Therefore, according to the general judgement on power control, 15dB
should be decreased.
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Exercise
Exercises for HW II power control
Answer .
After the implementation of step 1 power control, the receiving
level becomes: -55dBm-15dB= -70dBm, Suppose the quality reach
already in level 1 here.
First: the receiving level value is between -80dBm~-60dBm,
neednt adjust.
Second: the receiving quality value is between 0 and 2, neednt
adjust.
Therefore, the uplink stable receiving level =-70dBm.
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Content
1. Power Control Overview
2. HWPower Control Algorithm
3. HW Power Control Algorithm
4. Other Algorithms
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Contents
3. HW III Power Control Algorithm
3.1 HW III Power Control Algorithm
3.2 HW III Power Control Optimization Algorithm
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RXLEV and RXQUALare both within theexpected window?
Calculate the PC step
The number ofMRs[SdMrCutNum/
TchMrCutNum]?
Is PC allowed?
Exponential filtering
Slide window filtering
Interpolated MRs
PC interval >[PwrCtrlAdjPeriod]
Begin
The new transmitpower is higher than
the current one?
New transmit power-current one>[MAXUpStep]
Current transmit power-new one>[MAXDownStep]?
New transmit power=current
one-[MAXDownStep]
New transmit
power=currentone+[MAXUpStep]
Adjust transmit power
Implement PC End
If the active PC is allowd & MRs number
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For the measurement report preprocessing, there are three
differences between HW II and HW III power control
Initial discarded MR. number
Interpolation method
Filter calculation
Measurement Report Preprocessing
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Measurement Report Preprocessing
Initial discarded MR. number
Avoiding the access period measurement report influence power
control accuracy, system discards some initial measurement report.
HW II: discard 4 initial MR. fixedly.
HW III: set it via [SdMrCutNum/TchMrCutNum]
MR. interpolation method
Rx_lev: If Rx_lev(k) is lost, recover it as Rx_lev(k-1).
Rx_qual: If Rx_qual is lost, recover it as quality lever 7.
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Data Configuration of Initial Discarded
MR. Number
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Measurement Report Preprocessing
MR. filter calculation
Quality filter
Quality class value will be converted to BER and set up the
correspondence relationship with CIR as below table.
Calculate the average CIR according to the selected filter method.
Quality Class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CIR (dB) 22 18 16 14 12 9 6 4
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Measurement Report Preprocessing
MR. filter calculation
filter algorithm: exponent filter and slide window filter
Exponent filter
ca_filtered1 (1)=ca(1) k=1
ca_filtered1 (k)=a*ca(k)+(1-a)*ca_filtered1 (k-1) k>1
~ ca: original receiving level or quality
~ ca_filtered1: receiving level or quality after exponent filter calculation
~ k: serial number of measurement report
~ a: exponent filter coefficient, a=1 / (2^(w/2)), and w is exponent filter length
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Measurement Report Preprocessing
Filter algorithm
Slide window filter
ca_filtered (1) = ca_filtered1 (1) k=1
ca_filtered (k) = [ca_filtered 1(1)++ca_filtered1 (k)] / k 1
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Data Configuration of Filter (DL)
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Power Control Judgment
During HW III power control judgment, system will calculate
radio channel gain.
Suppose: In SACCH period k, useful signal is c(k), interference is
I(k), radio channel gain is g(k) and transmit power for BTS or MS
is p(k). The below formulas are calculated by logarithm:
10
)(_
10kfilteredca
10
)(
10kc
10
)(
10kI
Rx_lev Useful signel Interference
C/I qa_filtered(k)= c(k) I(k) (2)
c(k) = p(k) g(k) (3)
(1)
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Power Control Judgment
Radio channel gain calculation:
According to (1) and (2), we can get c(k)
Input c(k) to (3), get g(k) =p(k)
c(k). So calculate the g(k)
for BTS and MS
)101lg(10)(_)(_)( 10)(_ kfilteredqa
kfilterqakfiltercakc
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Power Control Judgment BTS power control step calculation:
step(k) = - ( sfactor*( BsTxMaxPower - g(k) - SThr)
+ qfactor*( qa_filtered(k) - QThr))
If step(k) >0, so step(k) =0;
sfactor[HWIII DL RexLev Adjust Factor]
qfactor[HWIII DL Rex Qual. Adjust Factor]
BsTxMaxPowerthe maximum power level of occupied carrier
SThrUp[HwIII DL Rexlev Upper Threshold]
SThrDown: [HwIII DL Rexlev Lower Threshold]
SThr = (SThrUp + SThrDown) / 2; the mean level of expected receiving level window.
QThrUp[HwIII DL FS/HS/AFS/AHS Rex Qual. Upper Threshold(dB)]
QThrDown:[HwIII DL FS/HS/AFS/AHS Rex Qual. Lower Threshold(dB)]
QThr = (QThrUp + QThrDown) / 2; the mean level of expected receiving quality window.
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Power Control Judgment
MS power control step calculation:
step(k) = - ( sfactor*( MsTxMaxPower - g(k) - SThr)
+ qfactor*( qa_filtered(k) - QThr));
SThr = (SThrUp + SThrDown) / 2;
QThr = (QThrUp + QThrDown) / 2;
If step(k) >0then step(k) =0;
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Data Configuration of Power Control Judgment
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Power Control Judgment
Adjustment protection
For avoiding too rapid adjustment, parameter [DL/UL MAX
DownStep/UpStep]is used to control the maximum power
control step.
If the difference between power control step(k) and previous
one step(k-1) is bigger than maximum power control step
configured above, just take the maximum power control step as
the difference between them, so as to limit the current powercontrol command step(k).
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Data Configuration of Power Control Step
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HW III Power Control Features
Exponent filter enhance the measurement report process speed.
In HW II PC, receive level and quality be considered independently
and then general power control judgment will be done. While in
HW III PC, the final result will be got from the general formula.
Difference quality threshold be set for the difference service, such
as AMR, FS and HS.
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Given condition
The current UL_Re_Level: -75dBm, UL_Re_Quality: 2, Radio channel gain(g(k)):
110dB, Max power output of MS is 2W(33dBm)
HWIII is availabledata configuration is as following:
ULRexLevHighThred30
ULRexLevLowThred20
ULFSRexQualHighThred20
ULFSRexQualLowThred16
ULRexLevAdjustFactor4ULRexQualAdjustFactor6
ULMAXDownStep8ULMAXUpStep8
QuestionWhat will be the power output of MS after power control
Quality Class 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CIR (dB) 22 18 16 14 12 9 6 4
Question
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Answer:step(k) = - ( sfactor( BsTxMaxPower - g(k) - SThr)
qfactor( qa_filtered(k) - QThr))
After power control
Power output of MS: 33-2=31dBm
Suppose the current g(k)=115dB, current quality:2(CIR=16dB)then
For level-90dBm
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Contents
3. HW III Power Control Algorithm
3.1 HW III Power Control Algorithm
3.2 HW III Power Control Optimization Algorithm
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HW III PC Optimization Algorithm
The basic process of HW III PC optimization algorithm is almostthe same as the HW III PC algorithm, including MR preprocessing,
PC step calculation, PC implementation, etc.
The improvement for HW III power control optimization algorithm:
MR power control compensation (available for RXLEV and RXQUAL) Dual-coefficient filter algorithm can achieve fast increasing and slow
decreasing
The power control step calculation adopt dual factors to protect low
RXLEV area.
Update the formula of power control step calculation.
HW III PC O ti i ti Al ith D t
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HW III PC Optimization Algorithm--Data
Configuration
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MR Power Control Compensation
MR power control compensation means compensate the RXLEVand RXQUAL to the values corresponding to the maximum
transmit power.
ca_comp(k) = ca(k) + PowerComp
qa_comp(k) = qa(k) + PowerComp
PowerComp indicates the decrease on the maximum transmit power
of BTS or MS
For Uplink PCPowerComp = min(MsTxPower, MsPoweMax)
PowerUsedUL(k-1)
For Downlink PCPowerComp = 2*PowerLev(k-1)
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Dual-coefficient Filter
HW PC III optimization algorithm adopts exponent filter, but the calculation offactor A is different with PC algorithm III. And it adopts dual-coefficient for
MR filtering.
ca_filtered (k) =(1-A)*ca_comp (k) + A*ca_filtered (k-1)
If ca_comp (k) < ca_filtered1 (k-1), L=B; Otherwise L= FiltAdjustFactor*B
qa_filtered (k) =(1-A)*qa_comp (k) + A*qa_filtered (k-1)
If qa_comp (k) < qa_filtered1 (k-1), L=B; Otherwise L= FiltAdjustFactor*B
A = (1.012*L-0.7505)/(L+1.848)
B: [DLRexLevExponentFilterLen], [DLRexQualExponentFilterLen],
[ULRexLevExponentFilterLen], [ULRexQualExponentFilterLen]
FiltAdjustFactor: [III UL Filter Adjust Factor], [III DL Filter Adjust Factor]
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ca_filtered (k) =(1-A)*ca_comp (k) + A*ca_filtered (k-1) If ca_comp (k) < ca_filtered (k-1), L=B; Otherwise L= FiltAdjustFactor*B
ca_comp (k) < ca_filtered (k-1) means RxLev is worse,
L=B 1), that is L decreases
For A = (1.012*L-0.7505)/(L+1.848) ,when L decreases, A decreases too, while(1-A )
increases,
That is:ca_comp (k) has higher weight than ca_filtered (k-1) , then the result
ca_filtered (k) is lower RxLev.
Example to Dual-coefficient Filter
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-60dBm
0.8(-80dBm)+0.2(-70dBm)=-78dBm(after dual-coefficient Filter)
0.5(-80dBm)+0.5(-70dBm)=-75dBm(without dual-coefficient Filter)
-75dBm
-78dBm
fast increasingslow decreasing
Expected Power
SS SS
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ca_filtered (k) =(1-A)*ca_comp (k) + A*ca_filtered (k-1) If ca_comp (k) < ca_filtered (k-1), L=B; Otherwise L= FiltAdjustFactor*B
ca_comp (k) >=ca_filtered (k-1) means RxLev is better
L=FiltAdjustFactor*B>B (Attention, FiltAdjustFactor>1), that is L increases
For A = (1.012*L-0.7505)/(L+1.848) ,when L increases, A increases too, while(1-A )
decreases,
That is:ca_comp (k) has smaller weight than ca_filtered (k-1) , then the result
ca_filtered (k) is lower RxLev.
Example to Dual-coefficient Filter
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0.2(-70dBm)+0.8(-80dBm)=-78dBm(after dual-coefficient Filter)
0.5(-80dBm)+0.5(-70dBm)=-75dBm(without dual-coefficient Filter)
-60dBm
-75dBm-78dBm
fast increasingslow decreasing
Expected Power
SS
SS
Dual coefficient Filtering Data
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Dual-coefficient Filtering--Data
Configuration
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Power Control Step Calculation
HW PC III optimization algorithm adopts two sets of factors, and it can help thesystem to avoid too low transmit power.
step1(k) = - { RexLev Protect Factor *( ca_filtered(k) - SThr) + RexQual Protect
Factor *( qa_filtered (k) - QThr)}
step2(k) = - { sfactor *( ca_filtered(k) - SThr) + qfactor *( qa_filtered (k) - QThr)}
step (k) = max(step1(k)step2(k))
If step (k) >0, then step (k) =0
Power Control Step Calculation Data
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Power Control Step Calculation--Data
Configuration
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Content
1. Power Control Overview
2. HWPower Control Algorithm
3. HWPower Control Algorithm
4. Other Algorithms
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Contents
4. Other Algorithms
4.1 SAIC Power Control
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Introduction to SAIC
SAIC: Single Antenna Interference Cancellation
SAIC is a generic name for techniques, which attempt to
cancel or suppress interference by means of signal processing
without the use of multiple antennas. (see 3GPP 45.903)
The MSs can bear more serious radio environment after
supporting SAIC.
The SAIC capability is indicated by Classmark 3 message.
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SAIC Power Control
If the MS support SAIC, the system can decrease the DLexpected receive quality level automatically.
This feature is available for HW PC algorithm II, III and III
optimization.
DL Quality
Upper
ThresholdDL Quality
Lower
Threshold
DL Quality
UpperThresholdDL Quality
Lower
Threshold
Power Control
Threshold Adjust for
SAIC
For Normal
MS
For SAIC capable
MS
SAIC Power Control Data
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SAIC Power Control-- DataConfiguration
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Summary
In this course, we have learned: Power control procedure
HW II power control algorithm and its data configuration
HW III power control algorithm and its data configuration
HW III power control optimization algorithm and its data configuration
Active Power Control and its data configuration
SAIC power control and its data configuration
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