4 Modular Coordination
Transcript of 4 Modular Coordination
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MODULAR COORDINATION
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MODULE – why ?
increase in demand
modern industrial societyeconomic growth
dynamic developmentrapid expansion
increase in standards increase in expectation
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MODULE – why ?
• to match demand with capacity to build
• improve effectiveness• improve quality• improve cost
effectiveness
The modular system is a link in the
industrialisation of the
building industry
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MODULAR OFFERS
• dimensional coordination - simplify & clarify
• limitation of variants in dimensions…. promotes
• Standardization…. permits
• Prefabrication…. encourages
• industrialization increase production through increased productivity
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dimensional coordination
• system of dimension that can create clarity and order
• dimensional coordination:– the application of a range of related dimensions to the sizing of building components and assemblies and the buildings incorporating them
• modular coordination:– dimensional coordination using the international basic module, multi modules, sub modules and a modular reference system
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dimensional coordination
• the FUNCTION which determines principal dimensions, room dimensions, etc. • the CONSTRUCTION METHOD which determines the dimensions of individual
components, connections, etc.
• selection of dimensions :
• dimensions are interrelated and need to be correlated
• to achieve harmony in form, function and construction method as well as economically justified
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limitation of variants
1 in building trade, there are numerous components with uniform functions but with variations in dimensions e.g. doors, windows, storey height
2 standardisation of dimensions:
- agreement on preferred sizes
- remove arbitrary variations
- allowance for justified functional and production requirements
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standardisation
limitation of variants leads to
standardisation
flexibility ○
creativity ○
design innovation ○
should not limit
○ specalisation in manufacturing of selected components
○ open building industry
○ distribution of work – manufacturers, fabricators, installers
facilitates
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levels of standardisation
○ National standardisation
– MS 1064
○ Client standardisation
– elements, processes
– schools, hospitals, offices
○ Manufacturer standardisation
– products, materials, sub-assemblies
○ Project standardisation
– procedures, building elements
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prefabrication
use of prefabricated building components requires key players to operate on a common dimensional system
prefabrication calls for agreement on accuracy of the
production – tolerances
clear and unambigous
to lay down limits within which variations on a given dimension can be tolerated
suitable degree of accuracy
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functional requirements - dimensions of rooms & building components are repeated and uniform in rooms with the same function
structural conditions - structural details having the function are given the same dimensions
principle of repetition
Repetition of uniform dimensions
○ facilitates design
○ simplifies construction work
○ allows industrial production
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rhythm in architecturemonotony and tedium
principle of repetition
architectural masterpieces
creativity and flexibility
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rhythm in architecturemonotony and tedium
principle of repetition
architectural masterpieces
creativity and flexibility
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Many of nature’s form are composed of IDENTICAL ELEMENTS– yet the effect is far from monotonous
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modular coordination
an international standarisation of dimensioning system
principal aim
to achieve dimensional compatibility
between building dimensions, span, or spacesand the sizes of components or equipment
by using related modular dimensions
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basis of modular coordination
○ the use of modules (basic modules & multi modules)
○ a reference system to define coordinating spaces and zones for building elements and componentsrules for positioning of building elements within the reference system
○ rules for sizing of components in order to determine their work sizes
○ rules for defining preferred sizes
○ communication between participants in the building process
○
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the use of modules
M = 100 mm Basic modulethe smallest module to be used to coordinate position and size of components, elements and installations, related by reference 3D points, lines and planes
Multimodules
3M, 6M, 9M, 12M . . .
planning modules for main dimensions of framework : span, storey height etc.
Submodules 2 4
M M
for sizing of components requiring increment smaller than M
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the use of modules
Mh = 3M (300 mm)
horizontal planning module
the horizontal planning module for structural framework is based on the functional requirements of the building and the components to be used for economic design
Mv = 1M (100 mm)
vertical planning module
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reference system
modular planning grid :
modular grids : used mainly during planning / design stage
○ based on determined multi modules
○ for design of structural framework
○ modular components are placed in the modular grid
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For small scale drawings to clarify relationship between components - 1M x 1M
1M
1M
Basic Multi Modular Grid
basic modular grid
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formed with intervals of multi modules squares with same intervals or
rectangular used in key plans, showing layouts and
positioning of main building components
nM
nM
Square Multi Modular Grid
multi modular grids
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nM
nM
Square Multi Modular Grid
multi modular grids
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interrupted modular planning grid band of interruptions are regularly spaced
in both directions band of interruptions can be modular or
non modular
Tartan Grid
nM n’M
tartan grids
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Tartan Grid
nM n’M
tartan grids
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modular grid & modular components
1. modular planning grid is used mainly for the design structural framework
2. modular component must normally be kept within its modular zone but technical
considerations may require certain connections which entail the components
exceeding their modular zones eg. tongue and groove, bolted connections
3. with simple, uniform modular components, there is no conflict with the
modular grid, however at connections, either grid must give way or special non
modular components must be used
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modular grid &
modular components
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positioning of building elements
design
selection of components
design of components
decisions concerning position, dimensions, performance
production scheduleassembly of components
construction
components architectural
designstructural designservices design
structural components
non structural components
finishes
BUILDING PROCESS
productiontransportation
Installation
manufacturers suppliers
designers manufacturers suppliers
designers contractorsmanufacturers suppliers
catalogues of components
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• boundary reference
• axial reference• interaxial
reference• flush reference
Modular reference systems enables designer to relate sensibly elements of construction- envelope, horizontal and vertical elements
types of references
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boundary grid
coordinates the position of the building components
determines the nominal size of components
placement of component within two Parallel modular coordinating grids or planes so that it fills the space or zone.
boundary reference
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axial grid
coordinates the position of a components by placing the component so that the middle-axis coincides with a modular coordinating grid of plane
axial reference
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coordinates the position and dimension of building component by a reference
interaxial grid
interaxial reference
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flush gridmo
du
lar
zon
e
coordinates the position of components by placing one surface of the component flush on to a modular coordinating grid or plane
Flush Reference
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Coordinating Size
coordinating spaces - accommodate components with allowance for joints and tolerances
work size + one joint
work size
coordinating size
½ joint
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deductions from coordinating sizes to accommodate allowance for jointing to coordinate components adjacent to one another
work size = manufactured size
considerations for determining work size ○ manufacturing process ○ stocking method ○ transportation ○ handling on site ○ assembly ○ other relevant cost
work size
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mc provides coordinating systems and effective mean for identifying suitable locations of components joints
every joint should relate to a joint reference plane
joint reference coincide with modular plane
joint reference plane displaced
from modular plane
joints
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modular coordination provides a coherent system of tolerance for building components and spaces
concept of tolerance - certain degree of accuracy in production and placing (manufacture and assembly)
considerations for tolerances ○ product tolerance ○ installation tolerances ○ interfacing tolerance
tolerances
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preferred sizes
• preferred sizes - to rationalise the prefabrication process and to keep cost down
• preferred sizes limit variations• selection of preferred sizes to suit
•function • construction method • material of component
economic production
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preferred sizes
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communication
mc aids communication between participants in building process through established :
basic principles terminology drafting conventions
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terminology
• coordination size : a size of component which accommodates the work size with allowances for joints and tolerances to permit assembly
• work size : manufactured size - a dimension used by manufacturer to ensure that the actual dimension lies between the maximum and minimum dimension
• preferred size : a size chosen for specific purposes – technical or economic reasons
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drafting conventions
modular reference plane
modular axial plane
modular coordinating dimensions
non modular zone
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hierarchy of planning
not always possible to completely use modular preferred dimensions and sizesdue to:
economic and functional
considerations
Order of priority:
2. Elements of building - eg. Col., beams.3. Components -eg. Doors, windows
4. Finishes and built-in equipment
1. Planning grid
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Determines positioning & dimensioning of main building components
modular design rules
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main building components
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MH = 3M (300mm)
Facades are placed flushed on the outside
to a modular reference plane
external
internal
n x 3M
planning approaches horizontal planning
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Cross walls and structural frames (beam and column) are placed according to two alternatives:-
n x 3M
3M
the structural part of the component is placed at the axis between two modular reference planes spaced at 3M apart.
INTERAXIAL PLANING (Alternative 1)
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the structural part of the component is placed between a technical coordination space (not necessarily modular because of technical or economic reasons)
n x 3M
t1
BOUNDARY PLANING (Alternative 2)
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are placed flushed on either side of the modular reference plane or line
n x 3M
n x 3M
Partitions
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facades are always placedon the outside of the modular line
external
n x 3Minternal
for crosswalls (structural) or columns, use alternative 1 oralternative 2
n x 3M
t1
BOUNDARY PLANNING
n x 3M
3M
INTERAXIAL PLANNING
partitions are placed flushed to the modular line
n x 3M
n x
3M
horizontal planning - summary
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~ running wall panels can always be modular
n x 3M
3M
inserted wall panel
running wall panel
~ column placed axially – distance between axial is modular~ column size – less than 3M or larger
~ if columns are modular, inserted wall panels can be modular
INTERAXIAL PLANNING (Alternative 1)
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~ coordination with a technical space~ column can be designed economically~ technical size can be non modular
n x 3M
inserted wall panel
running wall panel
modular size
~ inserted and running wall panels are modular if technical size is modular
BOUNDARY PLANNING (Alternative 2)
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n x 3M
inserted wall panel
running wall panel
t1
~ if technical size is not modular, inserted wall panels are modular but running wall panels cannot be modular
BOUNDARY PLANNING (Alternative 2)
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MV = M (100mm)Floors are placed within a modularfloor zone of n X M increments
Floors to floor heights are vertically placed n X M increments
n3 x Mn1 x M
n2 x M
vertical planning
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main controlling dimensions
intermediate controlling dimensions
vertical controlling dimensions
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Roof Zone
WindowSill height
ZoneFloor
HeightDoor Head
Change of Floor Level
Floor to Floor Height
Ceiling HeightFloor to
Fig 3-10 : Vertical Controlling Dimensions
roof zone
floor zone
floor to ceiling height
storey height
vertical coordination
main controlling dimensions
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Roof Zone
WindowSill height
ZoneFloor
HeightDoor Head
Change of Floor Level
Floor to Floor Height
Ceiling HeightFloor to
Fig 3-10 : Vertical Controlling Dimensions
roof zone
floor zone
floor to ceiling height
storey height
door head height
window head heightwindow sill height
intermediate controlling dimensions
vertical coordination
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modular floor plane coinciding with upper surface of floor covering
vertical planning
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Modular floor plane coinciding with upper surface of rough floor
Modular floor plane coinciding with upper surface of structural floor
vertical planning
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modular design rules - summary
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building parts - perceived as components
influencing factors :
positions and sizes of components
tolerances allowed between them and their coordinating spaces
building process = assembling of components
components and finishes
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designing with components
must be conceptualised early in design stage
bearing on choice of planning grids and approachesstructural
components• columns• beams • floor slabs • walls• Staircases• lift cores
non structural components
o claddingo partitiono doors, windows
Finishes• ceiling finishes• floor finishes• wall finishes
components and finishes
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components are dimensioned and placed inside, within the horizontal and vertical planning module
monolithic 3-D components
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monolithic 3-D components
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• components are dimensioned within the horizontal and vertical planning modular increments.
• the load bearing and self bearing parts if any, are on the outside of the modular planes.
non-monolithic 3-D components
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non-monolithic 3-D components
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basic dimensions - 3M / multiples of 3M dimensions fit into modular grid
planning structural grid dimensions are for finished dimensions
BOUNDARY PLANNING
DISPLACEMENT OF GRID PLANNING
n x 3M
n x 3M
n x 3M
n x 3M
n x 3M
columns
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BOUNDARY PLANNING
DISPLACEMENT OF GRID PLANNING
n x 3M
n x 3M
n x 3M
n x 3M
n x 3M
columns
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beam depth are in the increments of M
floor zone with false ceiling• beams
accommodated in floor zone
• beams depth only affect services, not walls / partition below
Floor Zone
beams
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Floor Zone
Beams with false ceiling
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distance between base of beam and floor slab must be modular to accommodate the components below
Window Head Height
Floor to Floor Height
Beams without false ceiling
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Window Head Height
Floor to Floor Height
Beams without false ceiling
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floor zone: space allocated for floor assembly extends from reference plane of ceiling to the finished floor surface above it ceiling accommodated within the floor zone composition may vary top of floor zone = top of floor finish base of floor zone - bottom of ceiling of the floor below
Composition of Floor Zone
Screed
Slab
Service Space
False Ceiling
Bottom of Floor Zone
Top of Floor Zone Floor Finish depth in sub-modular increments of 0.5M or 0.25M
precast slab-fit into structural grid :12M
Floor slabs
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Composition of Floor Zone
Screed
Slab
Service Space
False Ceiling
Bottom of Floor Zone
Top of Floor Zone Floor Finish
Floor slabs
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width – multiples of n x 3M, n x 6M, n x 12M thickness – within module zone of n xM length - coordinating size in multiples of n x
3M
adaptation area
nxM
n x 3M
n x 3M
nxM
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
width n x 3Mn x 6Mn x 12M
Precast floor slabs
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adaptation area
nxM
n x 3M
n x 3M
nxM
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
width n x 3Mn x 6Mn x 12M
Precast floor slabs
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length of walls determined by planning grid dimensions and finished wall dimensions
in cases wall do not fill the whole wall zone, where structure allows, wall should be lined with one side of the zone to minimise number of adaptation pieces
COMPONENT WALLS
precast load bearing Walls
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precast load bearing
Walls
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dimensions - for doorsets controlling spaces be preferred dimensions - to allow
the doors be fitted without undue adjustments (adaptation pieces fitted in walls or partitions)
Door Component
Floor Zone
n x 3M1
n x 3M2
Doors
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Floor Zone
n x 3M1
n x 3M2
Doors
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dimensions - for windowsets sill reference plane may coincide with floor
reference plane window head reference plane may coincide
with ceiling reference plane
COORDINATING WINDOW HEIGHT
COORDINATING SILL HEIGHT
n x 3M
n x 3M
n x 3M
COORDINATING WINDOW SIZE
windows
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COORDINATING WINDOW HEIGHT
COORDINATING SILL HEIGHT
n x 3M
n x 3M
n x 3M
COORDINATING WINDOW SIZE
windows
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length of flights and landing dimensions are modular
goings, risers and widths of flights are as required by statutory requirements
stairs located in between floor coordinating line
top of stair coincides with top of floor zone
SECTION
TOP OF FLOOR ZONE
FLOOR ZONE
n x 3M
n x
3M
n x
3M
n x 3M
PLAN
stairs
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SECTION
TOP OF FLOOR ZONE
FLOOR ZONE
n x 3M
n x
3M
n x
3M
n x 3M
PLAN
stairs
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external dimensions be modular to relate to other elements
more than one lift - whole assembly is treated as a single element
LIFTS AND LOBBY
SINGLE LIFT
n x 3M1
n x 3M2
n x 3M1
n x 3M2
LIFTS AND LOBBY
SINGLE LIFT
n x 3M1
n x 3M2
n x 3M1
n x 3M2
Lift cores
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LIFTS AND LOBBY
SINGLE LIFT
n x 3M1
n x 3M2
n x 3M1
n x 3M2
LIFTS AND LOBBY
SINGLE LIFT
n x 3M1
n x 3M2
n x 3M1
n x 3M2
Lift cores
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Example - Plan
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Example - Elevation
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floor zone
window head ht
window sill ht
Example - Window
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HDB PREFABRICATION TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
Close coordination at design stage resulted in highly buildable building
More than 75% of precast columns, beams and slabs designed to one standardised size
Many architectural features were modulated and precast for better quality and finish
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HDB PREFABRICATION TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
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Structural components – standardised to a single size
Precast elements - arched concrete lattices, ring water tanks, curved auditorium walls, perimeter fencing wall
Buidability and aesthetics could be achieved without compromising one another
Buildable Features
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Buildable Features
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High buildable design -construction period shortened considerably
Precast structural frame - precast columns, beams, hollow core slabs abd planks
Architectural features - precast lightweight concrete panels, prefab, infill aluminum panels
Structural steel truss, precast parapet, precision blocks, dry partition
YUSOF ISHAK SECONDARY SCHOOL
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YUSOF ISHAK SECONDARY SCHOOL
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THE FRENCH SCHOOL
standardised grids and repetitive floor layouts, use of flat floor slabs resulted in less columns and bigger span
integrated roof system, lightweight concrete blocks - no plastering needed, faster construction
monospace lift - expedite construction and increase usable space
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THE FRENCH SCHOOL
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Modular horizontal and vertical grids, repetitive floor layouts, use of system formwork for efficiency
Precast columns, beams, slabs and staircases - on-site and off-site
RC external walls - use of jumping formwork enabled walls to be cast three storey ahead of each floor slab
WOODSVALE
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WOODSVALE
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Architect commissioned to design a maintenance-free building and create an elegant facade
Flat floor slab system for free space, 90% of columns and beams standardise
Full height glazing and metal cladding used as envelope for quality finish
NATIONAL HERITAGE BOARD CENTRAL REPOSITORY
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NATIONAL HERITAGE BOARD CENTRAL REPOSITORY
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POPOVICH HALL - THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Successful integration of cast stone and brick resulted in a building that was contextual to the existing campus
the juxtaposition scale between cast stone and brick module and the playful movement between curved and orthogonal plane made for an exciting project
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POPOVICH HALL - THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
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THE KING FARM OFFICE BUILDING
The proportion of massing and articulation of base, body and top contributed to the building monumental appearance
The attention to detail and use of natural light made the building visually exciting and the consistency of colour and finish was well done
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THE KING FARM OFFICE BUILDING
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THE EMORY UNIVERSITY PARKING DECK
Project commended for the ability to transform a difficult façade into a work of art. The window and bay patterns create a rhythm along the façade developing a human scale not often found in parking decks.
The architectural façade is express as an applique to the concrete structural frame in a contemporary and genuine fashion was well done
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THE EMORY UNIVERSITY PARKING DECK
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THANK YOU