76 MAKATI ATLAS 2013

The Makati Risk-Sensitive Urban Redevelopment Planning Project (MRSURPP) piloted in Barangay Rizal, Makati City, Philippines is one of the four elements of a larger project entitled, “Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Metro Manila and Kathmandu” funded by the German Federal Foreign Office (FFO) through the German Committee for Disaster Risk Reduction (DKKV). This project is a collaborative effort of the City Government of Makati (CGM),the Community of Barangay Rizal, the Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative (EMI) and the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). It is a demonstration project to show that land use and redevelopment planning can be powerful tools to modify and lessen the physical, social, and economic vulnerability of highly vulnerable and low-income communities such as Barangay Rizal. The Project involved the preparation of a risk-sensitive urban redevelopment plan for the barangay with the goal of transforming a high risk community into a disaster-resilient neighborhood.

This project is intended to serve as a pilot application to reduce the disaster risks of highly vulnerable urban neighborhoods with poor and low income households. The approaches and methodologies employed and the lessons learned from the project serve as a template for risk-sensitive redevelopment planning which will be adopted by other high-risk low income neighborhoods in Makati as well as other cities in the country. The methodology for site selection involved the use of “Urban Redevelopment Indicators” (URI) developed by the project to determine the most suitable site among the 33 barangays of Makati City for urban redevelopment. At the end of the site selection process, Barangay Rizal emerged as the most suitable site for the Project due to its high physical risk, high degree of social vulnerability, and high redevelopment potential. The MRSURPP had three phases namely:

Phase 1 - organization of key actors and stakeholders, community preparation, establishment of a project implementation team, and establishment of coordination mechanisms;

Phase 2 - risk analysis and site planning analysis (Refer to Map 70);

and Phase 3 - master planning and action planning

The planning process used a highly participatory approach which facilitated a two-way learning experience between the barangay leaders and residents of the project site and the planning team. This ensured that the plan reflected community needs and aspirations and hence will be supported by the community and key stakeholders during its implementation.

Key Issues and Considerations

The results of the different analyses and the outcome of the stakeholder

consultation workshops revealed the following issues in Barangay Rizal which became the main considerations in the formulation of the redevelopment plan:

Physical vulnerability; Socio-Economic Vulnerability; and

Emergency Preparedness and Management

Salient Features of the Redevelopment Plan

The redevelopment planning methodology adopted an issue-oriented approach which involved subjecting the above mentioned physical/socio-economic vulnerability and emergency management issues to a problem-solving process. Through the stakeholder consultation workshops, gaps and needs were identified, trade-offs developed, and solutions to these issues were identified which were then translated to proposed schematic interventions. This led to the formulation of a vision and redevelopment strategy and to the identification of the programs, projects, and activities of the redevelopment plan, the key features of which are the following:

• Establishment of a fault zone park; • Development controls; • Density controls; • Circulation network improvement; • Traffic management; • Open space development; • Disaster preparedness and emergency management; • Upgrading of critical infrastructure; • Development of a housing program; • Redevelopment Information, Education and Communication (IEC)

plan; and • Raising Income Level and Improving Economic Conditions.

The plan has been broken down into a 10-year timetable with immediate, short, medium, and long-term actions. The immediate actions include the preparation of more detailed plans/feasibility studies for the components of the plan. The more socially acceptable actions such as road widening can be done within the short to medium-terms, while interventions which are more difficult to implement such as the Fault Zone Park can be done within the long term.

4. INITIATIVES 6. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT 6.1.Makati Risk Sensitive Urban Redevelopment Planning Project

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The CDRI and the analysis were based on the survey questionnaire filled up by the officials from all the barangays. Based on the result, San Lorenzo, Bel-Air and Urdaneta are the most resilient barangays to climate change and disaster while Bangkal, Cembo, Comembo, Pinagkaisahan, Singkamas and South Cembo obtained the lowest resiliency index (Refer to Map 70).

6.2. Climate and Disaster Resilience Initiatives (CDRI) The City of Makati with assistance from Kyoto University, Japan had conducted a project titled “Climate and Disaster Resilience Initiatives” (CDRI). The project aims to measure the level of climate disaster resilience of urban poor communities; developing a yardstick e.g. climate disaster resilience index (CDRI) to measure the level of climate disaster resilience; mapping the communities’ position in the level of climate disaster resilience; and helping the cities in policy formulation by the development organizations and take necessary action to enhance climate disaster resilience of communities. To do this, five dimensions/criteria were used namely: Natural, Physical, Social, Economic, and Institutional. The following are the data requirements that were used per component:

Social: population, health, education, knowledge and awareness, social capital, conflict, crime Economic: income, employment, expenditures, assets, access to financial services, financial coping mechanism Institutional: internal and external institutions, institutional collaboration, coordination and cohesion Physical: history, location, accessibility, infrastructure and utilities, housing condition, land tenure, environmental degradation Natural: topography, disasters, natural environment degradation, hydro- meteorological situation.

MAP 70