4 early River Valley Civilizations
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4 early River Valley Civilizations
• Ancient China - Huang He River
• Sumerian Civilization - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia)• Egyptian Civilization - Nile River• Harappan Civilization - Indus River
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“The Four Early River Valley Civilizations”• Mesopotamia [Sumer] (Tigris & Euphrates Rivers)
• Egypt (Nile River)
ENTER
• Indus Valley (Indus River)• Ancient China (Huang He River)
A Chinese junk on the Huang He today.
An artist visualizes what the ancient Chinese village of Banpo on the Huang He may have looked like over 4,000 years ago.
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LOVE
I. GeographyA.Challenges?
1. Isolation2. Barriers – Mountains and Deserts3. 10% arable land
Gobi Desert
Taklimakan Desert
Himalaya Mts. Pacific Ocean
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II. Organized GovernmentA. Dynastic Cycle – established an order to the rule over
Chinai. Mandate of Heaven
B. Shang: Complex bureaucracyC. Zhou: Feudalism = little centralized authorityD. Qin: Autocratic; emperorE. Han: Civil Service Exam; bureaucracy under emperor
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III. CitiesA.Cities were within territories that were governed by
aristocrats (provinces)B.Cities (States) worked together to construct walls to keep
out invaders – Qin
Left: The Ruins of a Shang Dynasty City in Zhengzhou
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The Great Wall of China• 30 Feet High• 40 Foot Towers• 1,500 miles long• Built in 7 Years• 500,000 workers died while making the Great Wall
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IV. Organized ReligionA.Life after death and human ritualsB.Shang: animism combined with ancestor worshipC.Zhou Han: 3 philosophies on the nature of man and the
universe developed that influenced Chinese society1. Confucianism (preferred by the Han)2. Daoism3. Legalism (preferred by the Qin)
法家
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V. Class Structure/Social StratificationA.Class system based on occupation
1. Kings and royals at the top2. Aristocracy – includes civil servants (landowners)3. Peasants – farmers4. Merchants & artisans5. Slaves – used for building projects
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VI. WritingA.Simple script (Shang) complex written languageB.Pictographic & ideographicC.Only language that did not change its written roots
entirely
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VII. Art/Architecture (Technological Advancements, too!)A. Bronze work (Shang) Iron work (Han)B. Trade networks & advancements
1. Fore-and-aft rigging; rudderC. Confucian LiteratureD. Great Wall & Emperor Shi Huangdi’s mausoleum
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Silk Routes, over-land and over-sea
THE SILK ROAD
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China silk, clothing, lacquer ware, spicesIndo-China spices, ivory, timber, pearlsNorth India precious stones, ivory, tortoise shell, incense,
spices, cloth, timberSouth India ivory, tortoiseshell, spices, precious stones,
cloth, timberArabia spices, slaves, precious stones
East Africa gold, ivory, exotic animals, slaves, incenseTrans-Sahara ivory, gold, slaves North Africa grain
South Europe olive oil, wine, glassware, coinageWest Europe silver, tin
North Europe slaves, amberAsia Minor silver, precious stones, timber, wine
THE SILK ROAD
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• If you were to bury items in a large pit that would help archeologists in 2000 years identify who you were and what you were about, what would you bury?
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• Pits of rare birds and animals
• Stable pits• Tombs of Emperor
Qin’s children• Mass graves of
laborers• Pit of two sets of
Bronze Chariots and Horses
• Pit of Stone Armor and Helmets
• Pit of Terra-Cotta Acrobats and a Bronze Tripod
• Pit of Civil Officials• Pit of Terra-Cotta
Army
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• Knowing what was included in Shi Huangdi’s mausoleum, what can we assume to be true about the first emperor of the Qin dynasty? What kind of ruler/man was he?