4 Computer-Programming-CS101.ppt

7/25/2019 4 Computer-Programming-CS101.ppt

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CS101: Introduction to Computing

Instructors:Dr. Fawad Hussain, Dr. Rashad Jilani, Engr.

Ahmad Sohaib, Engr. Zawar Hussain, Engr.Usman Raa ! Dr. Ahmar Rashid.

Facult" o# $om%ut&r Sci&nc& andEngin&&ring

'I( Institut& o# Engin&&ring Sci&nc&s and

)&chnolog"

Fall 2015


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ComputerProgramming


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Computer Programming

$om%ut&r %rogramming is th& %roc&ss o#

writing instructionsthat dir&ct a com%ut&r to

carr" out s%&ci#ic tas*s

A computer program is a s&t o# step-by-

step instructions that t&ll a com%ut&r how to

sol+& a %robl&m or carr" out a tas* )h& instructions that ma*& u% a com%ut&r %rogramar& o#t&n r&rr&d to as code

A %rogram is writt&n in a com%ut&rprogramming

language


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Programming Languages (-1-)

Aprogramming languageis an artificial

languaged&sign&d #or cr&ating instructions that a

com%ut&r can carr" out

In contrast, th& languag&s w& s%&a* &.g., English - Urdu ar&natural languages

/rogramming languag&s di##&r #rom natural

languagesin that natural languag&s ar& us&d #or int&raction b&tw&&n %&o%l&

%rogramming languag&s allow humans to communicat&

instructions to machin&s as w&ll as machin&0to0machin&

int&raction


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Programming Languages (-2-)

/rogramming languag&s can b& di+id&d into two ma1or

cat&gori&s

2ow0l&+&l languag&s

R&3uir& th& %rogramm&r to writ& instructions #or th& low&st l&+&l o#com%ut&r4s hardwar& Eas" #or com%ut&r to und&rstand5 Di##icult #or humans

E6am%l&s: Machine Language, Assembly Language

High0l&+&l languag&s 7a*&s %rogramming %roc&ss &asi&r b" %ro+iding commands such

as /RI8) or 9RI)E inst&ad o# unint&lligibl& strings o# s and ;s

E6am%l&s: FORTRAN, C, C++, Java, Pythn !

2anguag&s can also b& cat&gori&d b" g&n&rations


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LO-L!"!L

L#$%%!S

Programming Language

Categori'ation

#*#!

+#CI$! L#$%%!

#SS!+,L

L#$%%!

I%-L!"!L

L#$%%!S

1st%eneration

Language .1%L/

2%L

%L %L


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+ac3ine Language 4

+ac3ine Code

)h& #irst languag&s #or %rogramming com%ut&rs < smetimes

referre" t as first-generation languages

A machin& languag& consists o# a s&t o# commands,

r&%r&s&nt&d as a series of 1s and 0s, corr&s%onding to th&

instruction set und&rstood b" a micro%roc&ssor

A machin& languag& is s%&ci#ic to a %articular $/U or

micro%roc&ssor #amil"

High0l&+&l languag&s ar& =mostl"> translatedcm#ile"to

machin& languag& in ord&r to b& und&rstood and &6&cut&d b"

th& micro%roc&ssor


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!ample

#dd t3e registers 1and 26 Place t3e result in

register 76 o% ? rs ? rt ? rd ? shamt ? #unct

; @ ; B@ decimal

;;;;;; ;;;; ;;;; ;;; ;;;;; ;;;;;

8inar9

+ac3ine Language 4

+ac3ine Code


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#ssem8l9 Language

Allows %rogramm&rs to us& abbr&+iat&d

command words rath&r than s and ;s us&d in

machin& languag&sA signi#icant im%ro+&m&nt o+&r machin& languag&s

7n&monics such as ADD, SUC, 7U2, DI, J7/ &tc ar&

mor& und&rstandabl& than ;;;, ;;; &tc

Also r&rr&d to as second-generation languagesAss&mbl" languag&s ar& also machin& s%&ci#ic

Each ass&mbl" languag& command corr&s%onds on a

on&0to0on& basis to a machin& languag& instruction


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#ssem8l9 Language

!ample 1

#dd 10 to t3e aria8le +#;S

ADD 7AR(S, ;

!ample 2


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ig3-leel languagesC4C>> ?#"# ,#SIC and etc6 Similar to &+&r"da" English,

Us& math&matical notations

!ample 1

Add 10to th& +ariabl& +#;S

7AR(S 7AR(S G ;5

!ample 2

Assign th& +alu& 10to th& +ariabl& #, +alu& 20to +ariabl& ,,addth&m and stor& th& r&sults in +ariabl& C

A ;5 C @;5

$ A G C5


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$et

8ow w& mo+& on to: $ How to /rogram

4 Computer-Programming-CS101.ppt

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