4 cired2013 distributed energy resources

Voorbereidingsdag CIRED Congres 2013

8 mei 2013

Sessie 4: DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES

AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Wil Kling, TU Eindhoven

Session 4 – Distributed energy resources and the

efficient utilisation of electricity

Scope Electricity distribution has a key role to play in delivering solutions that

can be applied to electricity networks achieving the objectives of

reduce carbon emissions, improve energy efficiency and develop more

sustainable means of producing electricity,

Of particular importance is identifying the best opportunities brought by

new technology and information processing to help connect renewable

generation more quickly and cheaper, while maintaining safety and

ensure security of supply.

The papers in Session 4 cover new techniques for power system

modelling, operational control and decision support. Additionally the

papers share results from trial and demonstration activities.

The 118 accepted papers for the session are grouped accordingly into

the 4 blocks.

Block 1: DG/DER Planning & Studies

Themes: ─ DG/DER Integration Problems and Solutions

─ Hybrid Energy Systems

─ Energy Storage

─ Probabilistic Planning Techniques

─ DC Supply Systems

─ DG Network Support

─ Asymmetry and Harmonics

─ Protection and Dynamics

─ Loss Calculation and Minimisation

─ Demand Response

─ Active Network Management

─ Carbon Tracing

─ DG Monitoring

For this block, 39 papers were selected, out of which 6 (4) were

chosen for presentation in the main session, 6 (3) in the R&D

session and 27 (3) papers will be presented in the poster session.

Block 2: DG/DER Operation and Control

Themes: ─ Results from trial projects

─ Price based DER dispatch and control

─ Virtual Power Plant and Aggregation

─ Smart grid control architectures

─ Market integration of DER

─ Voltage control

─ Distribution System Analysis for Network

Management

─ Energy Storage

─ Loss of Mains Protection

─ Ancillary Services from DER

─ Hybrid energy system planning and

operation


chosen for presentation in the main session, 7 (6) in the R&D

session and 17 (3) papers will be presented in the poster session.

Block 3: Customer side developments

Themes: ─ Demand response

─ Electric vehicles (EV)

─ Energy efficiency

─ Load modelling and forecasting

─ ICT architecture


chosen for presentation in the main session, 5 (5) papers will be

presented in the R&D session and 12 (4) papers in the poster

session.

Block 4: DG/DER technology

Themes: ─ Energy storage

─ PV generation

─ Wind generation

─ CHP generation

─ Active distribution network management under DG/DER

presence

─ DER connection infrastructure

─ Energy management and smart metering

─ DER coordination technologies


chosen for presentation in the main session, 3 (3) papers will be

presented in the R&D session and 17 (2) papers will be

presented in the poster session.

Block 1: DG/DER Planning & Studies

I will discuss;

─ Presented papers 0315, 0510,1073, and 1327

─ R&D papers 0826,1381, and 1402

─ Poster papers 0380, 0405, and 0713

RELEVANCE OF WORK: HIGH

QUALITY OF WRITING: GOOD

IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: YES

READING ADVICE: YES

In this paper the ability of a battery energy storage to increase the

amount of wind power that can be connected to a distribution

network is studies. It is found that about 40% of overloading

instances can be prevented with the storage.


QUALITY OF WRITING: MODERATE (DENSE INFORMATION)

IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: MODERATE

READING ADVICE: IF INTERESTED IN STORAGE IN LV SYSTEMS

This paper evaluates distributed energy storage integration

possibilities (domestic versus community/roadside) using genetic

algorithms and concludes that the multiple benefits of domestic

energy storage (e.g. generation energy capture, peak shaving and

loss reduction) can make energy storage installations cost effective.

This paper addresses the question of business models for DSOs

that would encourage EV adoption and argues that a DSO

centered model would provide the best approach to installing and

operating the EV charging infrastructure and grid integration in a

timely manner to support EV uptake.


QUALITY OF WRITING: MODERATE

IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: HIGH (COMPARABLE APPROACH)

READING ADVICE: IF INTERESTED IN EV CHARGING YES

This paper introduces an enhanced Active Network Management (ANM) scheme with a focus on optimising power flows in different points in time (optimisation-horizon). A technique called Dynamic Optimal Power Flow (DOPF) is presented with using forecasts of renewable energy sources such as wind power. An example of a DOPF simulation provides a useful tool for the design of scheduling schemes in Active Network Management.




READING ADVICE: YES (NOT IN DETAIL LEVEL)

This paper presents a stochastic mixed integer optimization for the

day-ahead scheduling problem in a price varying retail market and

shows that prosumers can create value in terms of cost savings

through a flexible demand side. The proposed framework is generic

in the sense that it addresses different energy carriers and

distributed energy resources.

RELEVANCE OF WORK: MODERATE


IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: MODERATE (THE INVESTIGATED

CASE STUDY IS ABOUT A UNIVERSITY BUILDING IN NORWAY)

READING ADVICE: MODERATE

This paper introduces modeling approaches to secure operation of

the network and maintain stability regarding increasing renewable

generation. Three core modeling steps are unit scheduling model,

system dynamic model, and multi-objective system development

optimization model that will be requited to inform the design

parameters of the Active Network Management Scheme.




READING ADVICE: YES

This paper presents results of simulation studies of the potential

cost savings of electricity customers by adapting to the hourly

pricing scheme based on the day-ahead NordPool spot market as a

case study. The paper concludes that there is insufficient benefit for

responsive ‘wet’ appliances but more significant gains to be made

in responsive demand of electrical heating devices.



IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: LOW (SIMILAR WORK EXISTS

ALREADY)


This paper presents an evaluation of technical PV grid integration

solutions form the ‘PV GRID’ project in three categories:

Distribution System Operator solutions; Prosumer solutions; and

Interactive solutions (that require communications and control

across a wide area).

RELEVANCE OF WORK: VERY HIGH (EU PROJECT)


IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: HIGH

READING ADVICE: YES (ALTHOUGH NO RESULTS YET)

This paper aims to use network reconfiguration as a solution for

increasing penetration of DGs (PV) while optimise investment on

switching devices and operation costs. Genetic Algorithm is used to

solve optimisation problems in a real 400V (70 nodes) test network.

RELEVANCE OF WORK: MODERATE (NOT NEW)


IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: NO (ISSUE APPEARS NOT SO

OFTEN)

READING ADVICE: WHEN INTERESTED IN VOLTAGE ISSUES

This paper presents a technique for energy storage optimal siting

and sizing in parallel with consideration of new circuit options and

that independently operated multifunction energy storage is

preferable to DSO operated energy storage. The cost of different

options from a case study are compared.



IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: MODERATE (THEORETICAL

APPROACH)

READING ADVICE: FOR ACADEMICS YES

Block 2: DG/DER Operation and Control

I will discuss;

─ Presented papers 0230, 0316, 0494, 0659, and 1389

─ R&D papers 0267, 0674, 0852, 0993, 1278, and 1320

─ Poster papers 0309, 0711, and 1126

This paper provides an overview of case studies conducted in 2012

and 2013 by EPRI Smart Grid Demonstration Initiative. A brief

summary about results and lessons learned are introduced to yield

insights on emerging technologies, customer responses to price

and new technology, and remained research challenges.

RELEVANCE OF WORK: GOOD (PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES)


IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: YES (GOOD LESSONS LEARNED)

READING ADVICE: YES

This paper describes different aspects of the RiesLing project

featuring MV voltage estimation from LV measurements, LV

voltage control, communication and Grid state estimation and

forecasting.



IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: YES (BUT PROJECT ONLY JUST

STARTED)

READING ADVICE: YES

This paper presents the results of field trials of different DG reactive

power voltage control approaches in EDF distribution networks.

The results show the impact of different scheme options such as

control droops, deadbands, integrating the local control into the DG

controllers and modified reference signals to avoid interaction with

substation voltage control equipment.



IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: NO, RURAL MV NETWORKS

READING ADVICE: NO

This paper introduces some improvements from the operating

Active Network Management (ANM) scheme on the Orkney

Islands, UK. This second generation ANM includes enhancements

to communication, real time ratings and voltage management, a

new energy storage park, demand side management, small-scale

generators and distribution state estimation.

RELEVANCE OF WORK: GOOD



READING ADVICE: YES

This paper presents results from Norwegian smart grid trial projects

with an emphasis on smart meters and the associated ICT

infrastructure. The issue of risks and threats to this infrastructure

are discussed along with various lessons learned from the trial and

implementation activities.

RELEVANCE OF WORK: MODERATE (SMART METERING

INTRODUCTION)


IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: NOT HIGH

READING ADVICE: IF INTERESTED IN SMART GRID PILOTS

This paper presents the results of experiments with price based

control of wind, solar, heat demand and energy storage units

controlled in response to the dynamic prices in the NordPool and a

local power exchange price and the simplicity of the approach is

illustrated. The setting of the price deadband is shown to have a

flipping effect on the control of the DER units.




READING ADVICE: YES FOR ACADEMICS

This paper presents details of an electric vehicle impact

assessment trial currently being undertaken in Dublin. The trial

involves three stages but only first stage is finished. It investigated

by simulation the potential impact from electric vehicle charging on

the operating conditions of existing residential network.

RELEVANCE OF WORK: MODERATE (NOT NEW)



READING ADVICE: WHEN INTERESTED IN EV IMPACT

This paper addresses the potential of energy storage and demand

response to defer network capacity investments through an

optimisation approach where energy storage location and capacity is

optimised and where ‘wet’ appliance operation can be shifted in time.

The findings are that Demand Response of wet appliances provides

good potential capacity for investment deferral (several years) with

good overall economic value (under certain assumptions).





This paper presents an optimization approach to electricity and

heat network development and operation and applies this to a

German city area case study which seems to show that the case

for district-based versus individual heat pump based systems is

finely balanced in terms of lifetime costs.

RELEVANCE OF WORK: MODERATE BUT SOUND WORK



READING ADVICE: IF INTERESTED IN COMBINED ELECTRICITY AND

HEAT OPTIMIZATION

This paper proposes a framework to support DSOs in identifying

the appropriate control strategy coping with stochastic nature of the

integrated intermittent distributed generation. This planning and

control framework includes three main steps: network and

resources aggregation (model reduction), probabilistic optimal

power flow, and Multi-agent System for autonomous control.

RELEVANCE OF WORK: GOOD



READING ADVICE: YES

This paper presents results of an assessment of the potential for

hydrogen based energy storage to provide essential coupling

between electricity, heat and gas networks. The paper draws out

the difference in application between urban and rural areas in terms

of capacity of installed equipment and role of the storage.


QUALITY OF WRITING: MODERATE (DENSE INFORMATION)


READING ADVICE: NO

This paper presents the results of an software agent approach to

scheduling and dispatch within a commercial Virtual Power Plant (VPP)

and demonstrates the strength of the approach while highlighting the

key factors in successful operation of CHP units, EVs and Heat Pumps

within the VPP.



IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: OF COURSE (DUTCH PAPER)

READING ADVICE: YES

This paper proposed a combined power flow and voltage control

based on forecasting the effect of MV/LV tap changer control and if

not feasible then using energy storage to resolve voltage and

thermal capacity violations based on a look-up table approach.




READING ADVICE: YES IF INTERESTED IN VOLTAGE PROBLEMS IN

LV NETWORKS

This paper addresses the impact of flexible demand integrated into

electricity markets on overall system demand, prices, generation

costs, demand payments and wind curtailment. The investigated

technologies include: electric vehicles, electric heat pumps (with

thermal energy storage) and ‘wet’ appliances.

RELEVANCE OF WORK: HIGH (IN TERMS OF MARKET INTEGRATION

OF FLEXIBLE ELECTRICAL LOADS)



READING ADVICE: YES

Block 3: Customer side developments

I will discuss;

─ Presented papers 0199, 0288, 0507, and 0884

─ R&D papers 0224, 0648, 1208, 1277, and 1436

─ Poster papers 0094, 0241, 0506, and 0959

This paper examines ICT architecture for smart EV charging,

implemented for demonstration purposes by a distribution network

operator in the Netherlands. The main properties of this

architecture include flexibility to deal with future changes regarding

the market model for public EV charging, and addressing privacy

concerns of EV users.




READING ADVICE: YES

This paper outlines a deployment architecture for meeting the

sustainability requirements of Stockholm City. Key features of this

initiative are (a) limit the energy consumption of each residential

building and (b) produce a minimum percentage of the demand

requirements by renewable generation.




READING ADVICE: YES

This paper investigates a control algorithm for primary frequency

response by refrigerator systems in the UK. In contrast with

numerous control schemes in the literature, the proposed controller

maintains the load diversity of a population of refrigerators, by

randomising the trigger frequency of each individual refrigerator.

RELEVANCE OF WORK: MODERATE (SIMILAR WORK EXISTS)


IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: LOW (MORE RELEVANT FOR UK

ASYNCHRONOUS SYSTEM)


This paper presents a methodology that characterizes the load

profile of each electricity consumer, according to its daily load

curves for each period. This approach has been based on field

assessments of consumer behaviour and ownership of

equipment/appliances.




READING ADVICE: MODERATE (LIMITED ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS)

This paper describes the application of a modified maximum

rectangle algorithm to determine the optimal starting times for

charging electric cars and night storage heating devices to flatten

the load curve. In the presented simulations, the proposed

approach exhibits a small error (<5%) with respect to the global

optimum, but also much lower computational requirements.




READING ADVICE: YES FOR INFORMATION

This paper addresses the problem of minimizing the electricity cost

of EV operation, accounting for both temporal and spatial

dimensions. The latter is achieved by adopting a minimum cost-

flow approach, where the mapping of the mobility pattern is

assessed via time variable flows between the individual network

nodes.



IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: NOT HIGH

READING ADVICE: ONLY FOR ACADEMICS

This paper discusses two approaches for predicting the thermal

behaviour of self adapting buildings, the state space model and the

neural network approach, as well as different algorithms for

optimization of HVAC schedules. It is reported that neural network

models need a wider range of training data, but also need minimum

information about the physical characteristics of the building.




READING ADVICE: FOR ACADEMICS ON BUILDING PERFORMANCE

This paper addresses the problem associated with a high density of

PV generation in low voltage grids by making use of the load

shifting and load influencing potentials in households. The goal is

to achieve a local generation/load balance. In the current stage of

the study, the composition of different household types, the

numbers of different devices in each type, and their flexibility limits

have been defined.




READING ADVICE: MODERATE (NO RESULTS ARE INCLUDED)

This paper proposes a method to analyse and locate the demand

side integration potential of urban areas using Geographic

Information Systems (GIS)-based digital city maps in combination

with usage-based characteristic data on the typical power installed

in buildings for HVAC. Because of the inherent connection to a GIS

based data set, the results can be easily displayed in maps.





This paper presents a decision support system for integrated

management of energy efficient buildings, intending to assist

building operators to meet their needs in a more efficient, less

costly, and less CO2 intensive manner.


QUALITY OF WRITING: BAD


READING ADVICE: NO

This paper presents the ICT infrastructure for a Smart Grid project

with consumer interaction in the city of Zwolle, the Netherlands. It

describes the privacy and security enhancing measures applied to

ensure a positive sum of necessary functionality and respect for

consumer’s privacy and secure business operation.



IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: YES (DUTCH PILOT)

READING ADVICE: YES

This paper describes the development of a Home Energy

Controller (HEC), which not only coordinates (smart) appliances in

a building to exploit local optimization potentials, but also offers

flexibility to the distribution network operator to maintain a efficiently

functioning grid, by issuing suitable incentives and steering signals

fordemand response actions.




READING ADVICE: YES BUT A BIT ACADEMIC

In this paper, the operation of a load aggregator is simulated on the

Swedish island of Gotland with different wind penetration

conditions, in order to test two different business models, one

oriented to price following and the other oriented to wind following.

The results confirm that in the present conditions the price following

strategy is the one that leads to higher profits, but generates some

power quality issues and also increases the network power losses.




READING ADVICE: IF INTERESTED IN AGGREGATORS

Block 4: DG/DER technology

I will discuss;

─ Presented papers 0583, 0876, 1145, and 1172

─ R&D papers 0551, 0856, and 1221

─ Poster papers 0180, and 1470

This paper provides a detailed technical description and explores the

benefits of a smart storage unit operated by a distribution network

operator in a Dutch low voltage distribution network. The storage unit

enables applications such as the increase of local PV consumption,

improvement of reliability and flexibility, reduction of losses, and

increase of the utilization of local network infrastructure.

RELEVANCE OF WORK: HIGHTHE (PAPER PRESENTS THE

SPECIFICATIONS OF THE INSTALLED SYSTEM)



READING ADVICE: YES (ONGOING RESEARCH, RESULTS NOT YET

AVAILABLE)

This paper reports the results of a pilot test involving the deployment of

in-home displays in 91 households in Norway. Customers of the test

group exhibited a significantly higher tendency to reduce their

electricity consumption due to updated feedback, with respect to the

respective behaviour observed in a control group of 42 Households.



IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: YES (COMPARABLE WITH IPIN

PROJECTS)

READING ADVICE: YES

Under Active Network Management (ANM) scheme, this paper

introduces an application of PMU to simplify the way of integrating

distributed generation in a pilot project. Proposed Angle Constraint

Active Management (ACAM) approach compares real-time angle

differences with values defined in off-line simulations to ensure

network security with power injection from non-firm wind farm.




READING ADVICE: YES (INTERESTING PMU‘S APPLICATION IN

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS)

This paper describes the overall setup and main components of a

pilot project in a Swedish distribution network involving a battery

energy storage system. The main applications of the battery

installation include peak shaving, power factor correction, losses

reduction and harmonic mitigation.



IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: YES (TO COMPARE WITH DUTCH

RESULTS)

READING ADVICE: YES IF INTERESTED IN STORAGE IN LV SYSTEMS

Paper investigates a smart switch panel (SSP) for the

interconnection between DNOs and small scale DERs. The

presented device reduces required installation spaces and costs,

supplies power continuously in cases of distribution network

failures, and enables trading of electricity and ancillary services

with the DNO and other customers.




READING ADVICE: FOR ACADEMICS

Paper investigates the performance of two short-term PV

forecasting models based on historical data a 200 kWc solar plant

located in the south-east of France. It is reported that satisfactory

performances can be expected from the proposed models, when

calibrated with no more than one or two weeks of training data.



IMPORTANT FOR NETHERLANDS: NO

READING ADVICE: NO

This paper discusses a collaborative initiative to develop standard

functions and a standard language for grid integration of smart

solar and storage inverters. It also presents three of the advanced

inverter control standard functions that were identified using

simulation of a North American distribution network containing

large solar PV installations, and demonstrates their satisfying

voltage Performance.




READING ADVICE: YES IF INTERESTED IN INVERTER FEATURES

This paper proposes a scheme for optimising the internal air

circulation of an integrated storage system. It is demonstrated that

the losses during a high power discharge/charge cycle can be

effectively absorbed by the thermal inertia of the storage device,

and that by placing the system partially underground, would have a

very modest environmental impact while enhancing temperature

stability.




READING ADVICE: YES (DUTCH WORK)

This paper describes recent results from two field trials and three large

simulation studies using a market-ready DER coordination technology

based on dynamic pricing. The results show that this technology

improves the wholesale market position of energy trade and supply

businesses, contributes to active management of distribution networks,

raises the system's accommodation ceiling for renewable power

generation, and is scalable to mass-application levels.


QUALITY OF WRITING: GOOD OVERVIEW PAPER


READING ADVICE: YES

4 cired2013 distributed energy resources

Technology

Transcript of 4 cired2013 distributed energy resources